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跟我學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

2016-12-23 08:14吳元培
青蘋果·高一版 2016年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:主句謂語賓語

吳元培

強(qiáng)調(diào)句是中學(xué)英語中一個(gè)重要的句型,是人們?yōu)榱烁行У剡M(jìn)行思想交流的重要手段之一。人們?cè)诮浑H過程中,為了使自己的思想能為聽者或讀者恰當(dāng)?shù)睦斫?,必須突出重要的?nèi)容,這就需要運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)的手段。它也是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。因此掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu),把握高考命題特點(diǎn),有助于更好地運(yùn)用這一句型。對(duì)此本文作如下闡述。

一、對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型基本形式的考查

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分”。在高考試題中,對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在用它來強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主語、賓語、狀語或狀語從句。把需要加強(qiáng)語氣的部分放在“It is (was)”之后。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分主語是人時(shí),可用連詞that 或who;如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物時(shí),只能用連詞that。一般來講,原句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪撤N時(shí)態(tài),用“It is+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分”;如果原句謂語動(dòng)詞是過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),則用“It was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分”。

(1)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.

答案 that

解析 本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語“at the hotel”,所以此空填that。

(2)But like so many other things,it is only too much stress does you harm.

答案 that

解析 本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語“only too much stress”指物,所以此空填that。

(3)It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

答案 that

解析 故判斷此句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)when we were returning home;強(qiáng)調(diào)句常用句型:It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)… 。句意:正是在我回家的時(shí)候我才意識(shí)到,幫助別人于危難之時(shí),那種感覺是多么令人愉悅。故選B。

二、關(guān)于“not...until ”的特殊強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

這一特殊的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is (was) not until+時(shí)間狀語或時(shí)間狀語從句+that+句子的剩余部分。

【注意】 此句型只能用until,不能用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,till、until通??赏ㄓ?;因?yàn)榇司湫椭衝ot已經(jīng)前置,that后面要用肯定的陳述結(jié)構(gòu),切勿再用否定句。

Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.

答案 that

解析 此句是關(guān)于“not....until ”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,本句強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語,所以此空填that。

三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的疑問形式

(Ⅰ)一般疑問句:Is / was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分。

(Ⅱ)特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+is/ was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分。此外,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為疑問句時(shí),that常省略。

(1)Was it because Jack came late for school Mr. Smith got angry??搖?搖

A.why?搖?搖 ?搖?搖B. who?搖?搖 ?搖?搖C. where ?搖?搖?搖?搖D. that

答案 that

解析 本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句形式,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/who+其他成分”,本題強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句“because Jack came late for school”。所以此空填that。

(2) makes some people appear astonishingly youthful while others seem much older than their actual age?

A. Why it is that?搖 ?搖?搖 B. Why it is what?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖 C. What it is that ?搖 D. What is it that

解析 根據(jù)句法,問句中缺少主語,所以用疑問代詞,而不能用疑問副詞,然后對(duì)疑問代詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),所以用“特殊疑問詞+is/was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who)+句子的剩余部分”這一句式。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

四、含有疑問詞的名詞性從句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

名詞性從句中嵌套的強(qiáng)調(diào)句,如果這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是從句的主語、賓語,并對(duì)這一被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分進(jìn)行提問,從句仍要用一般陳述句語序。

I just wonder that makes him so excited.

A. why it does?搖 ?搖?搖B. what it does?搖?搖?搖 ?搖 ?搖?搖C. how it is ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖D. what it is

解析 這個(gè)賓語從句中嵌套了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語,然后又對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語進(jìn)行提問,從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來看,只能用疑問代詞what作從句主語,而why與how只能作狀語,并且名詞性從句要用一般陳述句語序。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的感嘆句形式

強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的感嘆句的句式特征為:what/ how... it is /was (that)+主語+謂語!用感嘆句表示說話人強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩。

You can?蒺t imagine they were when they heard the news that the Chinese team won.

A. how it was excited?搖 ?搖?搖B. how excited it was?搖

C. how excited was it?搖 ?搖 D. it was how excited

解析 根據(jù)句法分析,imagine后接一個(gè)賓語從句,在這個(gè)賓語從句中,嵌套了由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;imagine后接一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的感嘆句形式的賓語從句,賓語從句還應(yīng)用一般陳述句形式,中心詞是形容詞excited,所以用“How+adj.+it was (that)+主語+謂語”,that可以省略。故選擇B項(xiàng)。

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義疑問句形式

強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義疑問句應(yīng)與前面保持一致。

It was Catherine and her friend who sent the old man to the hospital, ?

A. did they?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖B. didn?蒺t they?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖C. wasn?蒺t it?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖D. was it

解析 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反義疑問句應(yīng)與前面保持一致,前面是肯定形式,所以反義疑問句應(yīng)用否定形式。故選擇C項(xiàng)。

七、如何識(shí)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

對(duì)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的識(shí)別也非常簡單,如果把“it is/was”和“that /who”去掉,若能還原出句法結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子來,則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。同時(shí),還要正確地區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句與時(shí)間狀語從句、名詞性從句以及定語從句之間的區(qū)別。

(1)It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.

A. that?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖 B. how?搖 ?搖 ?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖C. which?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖D. when

解析 去掉句中的It was和that,剩下“In New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith”,句意仍然完整,因此本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。故選擇A項(xiàng)。

(2)—Was it under the tree you were away talking to a friend?

—Sure. But when I got back there,the bike was gone.

A. that?搖?搖 B. where?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖 ?搖C. which?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖 D. while

解析 如果沒有上下文,答案應(yīng)選A,則此句就是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)狀語“under the tree”。但根據(jù)上下文的語境,本句中it是代詞,指代下文提到的the bike;根據(jù)句意,此句是由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,句意:—當(dāng)你離開去同朋友談話的時(shí)候,你的自行車是在這樹下嗎?—當(dāng)然,但當(dāng)我回來時(shí),自行車就不見了。故選擇D項(xiàng)。

八、與強(qiáng)調(diào)句易混的句型

①when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,在“It is/ was+具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句中的it指時(shí)間,后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),常譯為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候,是什么時(shí)間”。②before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的句型有:“it will not be...before...”與“it was not...before...”表示“沒過多久就……”;而“it will be...before...”和“it was...before...”表示“過了多久/就/才……”。③“It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since+從句(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí))”與“It was/had been+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí))”表示“自從……以來多長時(shí)間了或出現(xiàn)了某種狀態(tài)”,注意:如果since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞,則譯為“自從……以來多長時(shí)間了”;如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,則譯為“不做……多長時(shí)間了”。④“It/This/That is+次數(shù)+that...”表示“這/那是某人第幾次做某事”,這是個(gè)主語從句,從句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。⑤“It is (about/high) time+that-clause”表示“該是某人做某事時(shí)候了”,從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should do,should不可省略。

①It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.

答案 when

解析 句意是:當(dāng)我的父親把我叫醒并我告訴我看足球賽的時(shí)候,那時(shí)在半夜。在“It+is/ was+具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when...”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句中的it指時(shí)間,由when來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。常譯為“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候,是什么時(shí)間”。所以此空填when。

②John thinks it won?蒺t be long he is ready for his new job.

答案 before

解析 此句是由“before”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,構(gòu)成“It(won?蒺t)be+時(shí)間段+狀語從句”,意為“沒過多久就……”。所以此空填before。

③I?蒺m sorry you?蒺ve been waiting so long,but it?蒺ll still be some time Brian get back.

答案 before

解析 此句是由before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,構(gòu)成“It will be/was+一段時(shí)間+before……”,主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式時(shí),意思是“……多久后(某人)才……”。所以此空填before。

④As it reported,it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.

A. when?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖 B. before?搖?搖 C. after?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖 D. since

答案 since

解析 根據(jù)主從句中用的時(shí)態(tài),主句中的years是一段時(shí)間,然而它修飾的謂語動(dòng)詞was founded卻是一個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞,這顯然用的是“It is / was+一段時(shí)間+since……”這一句型。since與終止性動(dòng)詞連用,表示“自……以來已有多長時(shí)間”。本句中was founded卻是一個(gè)終止性動(dòng)詞,從動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起;句意是“正如所報(bào)道的,自從清華大學(xué)建校已有100年時(shí)間了”。所以此空填since。

⑤Jack is a great talker. It?蒺s high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.

A. will do?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖B. has done?搖 ?搖C. do?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖D. did

答案 did/ should do

解析 在句型“It?蒺s high/ about time that...”中,從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或“should do”,但should不可省略。所以此空填did/ should do。

⑥—Have you ever been to Chongqing?

—No. It is the first time that I (visit) this beautiful city.

答案 have visited

解析 在句型“It is+次數(shù)+that...”表示“這/那是某人第幾次做某事”,這是個(gè)主語從句,主句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

⑦—Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm we worked. ?搖?搖

答案 where

解析 乍一看答語是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其實(shí)本題考查的是定語從句。根據(jù)上下文的語境,答語是一個(gè)省略了的強(qiáng)調(diào)句,可補(bǔ)為“It was on the farm we worked that I got to know her”;而這個(gè)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的地點(diǎn)狀語“on the farm”后接一個(gè)定語從句,先行詞是farm,從句基本句意完整,所以用關(guān)系副詞where。

九、對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)

“It is/ was...that/who...”結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語,如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí),可以將助動(dòng)詞“do/ does/ did+動(dòng)詞原形”用于肯定句來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

If you have a job, yourself to it and finally you?蒺ll succeed.

A. do devote?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖B. don?蒺t devote?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖?搖?搖C. devoting?搖?搖?搖?搖 ?搖?搖D. not devoting

解析 在If引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的主句中,是一個(gè)由and引導(dǎo)的并列句,即考查:祈使句+and+一般陳述句;而第一個(gè)分句又是一個(gè)祈使句,又借助助動(dòng)詞do來表示強(qiáng)調(diào),故選擇A項(xiàng)。?蕁

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