□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

民眾海外遇危險該怎么辦？本刊記者獨家專訪外交部領(lǐng)事司領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心常務(wù)副主任、參贊楊舒，教你“防險術(shù)”和“化險術(shù)”

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和改革開放的深入，中國公民出境人數(shù)激增，中國公民的海外安全風(fēng)險也成為一個備受社會各界關(guān)注的話題。為此，本刊特就相關(guān)問題向率團(tuán)來訪的外交部領(lǐng)事司領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心常務(wù)副主任、參贊楊舒進(jìn)行了獨家專訪。

問：請簡要介紹一下2016年中國公民遭遇的海外安全事件的整體情況？

楊舒：今年，我們的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作總體平穩(wěn)，不像前幾年那樣大案、要案多。我們認(rèn)為，前期的機(jī)制建設(shè)和預(yù)防性領(lǐng)保措施還是發(fā)揮了重要作用。民眾的海外安全防范意識普遍提高了，國內(nèi)各部門和駐外使領(lǐng)館的應(yīng)急意識得以加強(qiáng)。各種預(yù)案比較健全，能夠在形勢惡化的情況下及早介入，也能夠在突發(fā)事件面前按照預(yù)案和工作程序穩(wěn)步處理，這些都降低了重大案件發(fā)生的幾率。但同時也要看到，2016年海外中國公民安全事件全球多點同時爆發(fā)態(tài)勢依舊明顯，其中最顯著的一個變化就是恐怖襲擊對我人員和機(jī)構(gòu)的威脅日益增大。全球恐怖主義活動進(jìn)入新一輪活躍期，多點頻發(fā)，特別是在歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)生的獨狼式恐襲增多，對我國在當(dāng)?shù)厣?、工作和旅游的人員都形成巨大的安全威脅。今年陸續(xù)發(fā)生我公民在比利時遭恐襲身亡、中國公民在法國尼斯恐怖襲擊事件中受傷、中國香港居民在德國火車上遇襲受傷、中國駐南蘇丹維和士兵遭襲傷亡、中國駐吉爾吉斯斯坦使館遇襲等事件。

同時，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷客觀上帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會風(fēng)險也不斷加大。世界經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷，部分國家經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入困境，導(dǎo)致民粹主義和極端思想蔓延。一些不法分子往往將矛頭對準(zhǔn)當(dāng)?shù)厝A商和中資企業(yè)，通過制造騷亂等干擾其正常經(jīng)營。今年在委內(nèi)瑞拉、哥倫比亞、烏克蘭、南非等國均發(fā)生我企業(yè)遭沖擊哄搶事件，意大利華商還與當(dāng)?shù)鼐桨l(fā)生沖突。

此外，隨著走出去國民的增加，各種意外事件如交通事故、旅游意外傷害等危及我公民人身財產(chǎn)安全的案件呈多發(fā)態(tài)勢，例如在國慶長假期間，在美國、冰島等國家接連發(fā)生數(shù)起涉及我人員傷亡的交通事故，在泰國等中國游客集中地區(qū)發(fā)生多起旅游意外事件。

問：請結(jié)合最新的海外安全風(fēng)險狀況的變化提出忠告或建議。

參訪團(tuán)一行在西部物流園合影。 攝影：胡睿

楊舒：我們建議出國的中國公民一定要做好行前準(zhǔn)備，了解前往國家或地區(qū)的安全形勢及中國領(lǐng)事服務(wù)網(wǎng)有關(guān)安全提醒，穩(wěn)妥選擇出行線路，買好旅行保險。在旅行途中要加強(qiáng)安全防范，避免前往人員密集場所。如果遭遇突發(fā)事件或意外，保持冷靜，及時報警求助，依法理性維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益。如需領(lǐng)事保護(hù)與協(xié)助，可聯(lián)系中國駐當(dāng)?shù)厥诡I(lǐng)館或者外交部全球領(lǐng)事保護(hù)與服務(wù)應(yīng)急呼叫中心12308熱線求助。

我們強(qiáng)烈建議公民不要赴戰(zhàn)亂、政局動蕩的高危高風(fēng)險國家和地區(qū)，以及流行病施虐或近期遭遇自然災(zāi)害可能性較大的地區(qū)旅游，外交部會及時通過“中國領(lǐng)事服務(wù)網(wǎng)”“領(lǐng)事直通車”微信、駐外使領(lǐng)館網(wǎng)站等平臺發(fā)布安全提醒和旅行提示。針對高危高風(fēng)險國家和地區(qū)，我們還發(fā)布“謹(jǐn)慎前往”或“暫勿前往”級別的提醒。希望民眾能重視我們發(fā)布的安全提醒，建議避免前往風(fēng)險高的國家和地區(qū)旅游。因為在這些地區(qū)發(fā)生安全事件的幾率很大，且由于這些地區(qū)條件有限，一旦我公民遭遇困境，我們駐外使領(lǐng)館能夠提供的幫助十分有限，提供幫助的時效難以保障，在有些地方甚至可能無法提供相應(yīng)協(xié)助。

問：近年來，重慶市民出國人數(shù)日漸增多，他們的安全意識也有一個逐步加強(qiáng)的過程。你能否以一個真實案例說明加強(qiáng)海外安全風(fēng)險防范意識和能力的重要性?

楊舒：今年國慶假期，一名重慶游客在泰國普吉旅游期間，在酒店游泳池游泳時不幸溺水身亡。現(xiàn)在隨著國內(nèi)生活水平的提高，越來越多的民眾在國慶或小長假期間會選擇出國旅游，在海外旅行期間風(fēng)險無處不在，出國民眾一定要加強(qiáng)安全防范意識和能力，比如：吃要注意食品衛(wèi)生安全，住要注意財產(chǎn)安全，行要注意交通人身安全等。從事如游泳、潛水、徒步、攀巖等運動時更要特別注意安全。此外，還應(yīng)掌握發(fā)生火災(zāi)、地震、洪水等災(zāi)害的應(yīng)對常識，了解綁架、劫持、搶劫、襲擊等惡性案件的應(yīng)對技巧等。我們祝愿廣大重慶市民高高興興出門去，平平安安海外行！

With China’s economic development and the deepening of China’s reform and opening-up, the number of overseas visits grows rapidly, and the overseas security risks of Chinese people also become the concerned issue of society. For this reason, we have made an exclusive interview about the related questions with Yang Shu, Counselor and Deputy Director of the Consular Protection Center of the Department of Consular Aff airs of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs, who led a delegation to Chongqing.

Q: Could you briefl y introduce the whole situation of overseas security aff airs Chinese citizens encountered in 2016?

Y: Compared with previous years featuring major and magnificent accidents, our work for consular assistance and protection is running stable in this year. We think that mechanism construction in the early stage and preventive consular and protective measures have worked effectively. The overseas security consciousness of Chinese citizens is enhanced, and emergency consciousness of domestic departments and overseas embassies and consulates is strengthened. Pre-arranged plans are sound enough to get involved in before the situation is getting worse and to steadily deal with emergencies in abundance with plans and working procedures, these factors lowers the possibility of major cases. However, it should be noted that, the situation where overseas security aff airs related to Chinese citizens occur in diff erent places at the same time in 2016. One of the most striking changes is our citizens and institutions are under the threat of terrorist attacks is still obvious. One of obvious change is that the threat to Chinese people and constitutions caused by terrorist attacks is increasing. Terrorist acclivities in the world are in a new round of active period, taking place frequently in many places. Especially the lone-wolf attacks in European-American developed country are increasing. These terrorist acclivities caused serious security threats to overseas Chinese people who live, work and travel in foreign countries. Many overseas security affairs related to Chinese people took place successively in 2016, such as Chinese citizens were killed in Belgium terrorist attacks and injured in terrorist attacks in Nice in France, Hong Kong residents were injured in an attack in a train in Germany, Chinese peacekeeping soldiers in South Sudan were killed in an attack,and the Chinese Embassy in Kyrgyzstan was attacked.

At the same time, the world economy continues to wobble, which objectively bring about greater economical and social risks. For that reason, some countries' economies have been trapped in a dilemma, which leads to the spread of populism and extreme thoughts. Counting on this torrent, the targets of some criminals are shift to local Chinese businessmen and China-invested enterprises, and disarranging their management by creating chaos. In this year, China-funded enterprises in countries like Venezuela, Columbia, Ukraine, and South Africa have been robbed, and clashes between Chinese businessmen in Italy and local police occurred.

In addition, with the increasing number of going abroad, cases which threat Chinese citizens’ personal and property security are surging, such as traffic accidents and unintentional injuries during traveling abroad. For example, during China’s National Day Holiday, serious traffi c accidents related to Chinese citizens successively happened in countries like America and Iceland. What’s more, several travel accidents also took place in regions which Chinese tourists pool in like Thailand.

Q: Combining with new changes in overseas security situation, could you give us some advice or suggestions?

Y: We suggest that Chinese people should make preparation in advance to know security situation of the destination and safety notes in the China Consular service Network (http:// cs.mfa.gov.cn/) in a bid to choose trip route appropriately and buy travel insurance. Enhance security awareness during the journey, and avoid going to places with high density of people. Encountered with emergencies or accidents, we should keep cool and call the police for help in time. It is necessary for tourists to rationally safeguard their rights in accordance with laws. If consular protection and assistance are necessary, we can contact with the local Chinese embassy or consulate or call the hot line 12308 which is connected to the emergency call center of the Department of Consular Protection and Service of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs.

We strongly suggest that citizens not go to states or regions in high-risk situation like political turbulence, war, and not travel to regions where epidemic disease is raging or the possibility of natural disaster is great in the near future. The Ministry of Foreign Aff airs will timely release security alerts and travel tips through platforms like “the China Consular service Network”(http://cs.mfa.gov.cn/), the “Consular Through Train” Wechat and websites of the overseas embassies and consulates. We also release travel warnings or travel bans toward special states or regions in high-risks situation. We hope that citizens can pay attention to security alerts we release, and avoid traveling to high-risks countries and regions. The possibility of security incidents is great and conditions in these regions are limited, so if Chinese citizens encounter accidents, the help that the overseas embassies and consulates can offer will be very limited, and the timeliness of the help can not be guaranteed, even no help can be off ered in certain places.

Q: In recent years, the number of Chongqing citizens going abroad is growing, and their security awareness is in a process of strengthening, so could you tell us a true case occurred in this year to account for the importance of enhancing the overseas security awareness and the risk prevention capability?

Y: During the National Day Holiday in 2016, a tourist from Chongqing unfortunately drowned while swimming in swimming pool in a hotel during his travel in Phuket in Thailand. With the improvement of living standards, a large number of citizens would like to enjoy their National Day Holiday or other holidays in foreign countries, but risks are everywhere during overseas travel. Thus It is quite important for tourists to strengthen the security awareness and the risk prevention capability in aspects like food safety, property safety and traffic safety. Pay special attention to personal safety while doing sports like swimming, diving, hiking and climbing. Besides, tourists should acquire common sense on responding to natural disasters like confl agration, earthquake and fl ood, and know coping skills to deal with vicious criminal cases like kidnapping, hijacking, robbing, and attacking. We hope all Chongqing citizens can go abroad happily and come back safely!

How to Deal with Dangers in Foreign Countries
An Exclusive Interview with Yang Shu, Counselor and Deputy Director of the Consular Protection Center of the Department of Consular Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Who Tells Us Ways of Preventing and Resolving Dangers

□ J ournalist / Zeng Rui