王曉晶+宋春梅
摘 要:以綠豆芽為試驗(yàn)材料,研究在不同儲(chǔ)藏溫度(-6,5,20,25,30 ℃)、不同保鮮膜覆蓋(品牌①清清美、品牌②妙潔、品牌③心相印、品牌④茶花、品牌⑤南亞)、不同浸泡方式(淡鹽水、茶水、隔夜茶水、抗壞血酸溶液)、不同洗滌方式(自來水、鹽水、淘米水、小蘇打水、洗滌劑)這四種處理方式下綠豆芽中亞硝酸鹽含量的變化,并對(duì)綠豆芽做這四種處理的正交實(shí)驗(yàn),選出一個(gè)亞硝酸鹽含量最少的、最佳的處理方案。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:綠豆芽中的亞硝酸鹽含量隨著溫度的升高而增加;自來水、鹽水、淘米水、小蘇打水和洗滌劑均對(duì)綠豆芽中的亞硝酸鹽有去除作用,并且洗滌劑的去除作用優(yōu)于其它四種洗滌方式;不同的浸泡方式去除作用不同,其中抗壞血酸溶液的去除作用為最佳;這五種保鮮膜中品牌②的效果最好;做正交實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),綠豆芽在用小蘇打水洗滌、茶水浸泡、品牌②的保鮮膜覆蓋保存在5 ℃的溫度下亞硝酸鹽的含量最低,即綠豆芽的最佳處理方式。
關(guān)鍵詞:儲(chǔ)藏方式;浸泡方式;洗滌方式;綠豆芽;亞硝酸鹽
中圖分類號(hào):S522 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.10.006
Abstract: In this experiment, the mung bean sprout was used as the experimental material, the changes of nitrite content in mung bean sprouts under different treatments were studied. The first condition was temperature(-6, 5, 20, 25, 30 ℃). The second condition was plastic wraps(Clear beauty, Miaojie, Heart phase printing, Camellia, South Asia).The third condition was immersion method(light salt water, tea, last night's tea, ascorbic acid solution), The last condition was washing method (running water, salt water,rice water, soda water, detergent).And the orthogonal experiment of mung bean sprouts was done to select an optimal solution for the least nitrite content. The results showed that the nitrite content in mung bean sprouts increased with the increase of the temperature; Running water, salt water, rice water, baking soda water and detergent solution had the effect of removing nitrite in mung bean sprouts, and the effect of detergent was the best; Under different immersion methods, the effects were different, the removal effect of ascorbic acid was the best. The effect of second plastic wraps named Miaojie was the best. In the orthogonal experiment, the content of nitrite was the lowest when the mung bean sprout was washed with baking soda, soak with tea, covered with plastic wraps named Miaojie and kept at 5 ℃.
Key words: storage method; immersion method; washing method; mung bean sprout; nitrite
蔬菜是人們?nèi)粘I畋夭豢缮俚氖澄?,而綠豆芽作為一種常見的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值較高的蔬菜,具有很好的研究?jī)r(jià)值。 綠豆在發(fā)芽的過程中,會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多有益于人體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),綠豆發(fā)芽后,會(huì)釋放出更多的鋅、鐵等礦物質(zhì),維生素類物質(zhì)的含量也大幅增加,其中VB2的含量會(huì)增加大約4倍,胡蘿卜素含量會(huì)增加大約3倍,Vc的含量會(huì)增加達(dá)6%,葉酸和維生素B6的含量也有所增加。綠豆芽中還含有許多有益于人體的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),具有很好的食用價(jià)值[1-3]。
蔬菜中的亞硝酸鹽已引起食品衛(wèi)生界的廣泛重視。醫(yī)學(xué)研究證明,過多的攝入亞硝酸鹽會(huì)導(dǎo)致人體中毒,同時(shí),亞硝酸鹽還有致癌性和致畸性,因此我國(guó)食品衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,無公害蔬菜亞硝酸鹽含量不得超過4 mg·kg-1[4]。
近年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外的諸多學(xué)者對(duì)不同條件下蔬菜中硝酸鹽與亞硝酸鹽含量的變化,及其測(cè)定方法等方面都做出很多研究。一些學(xué)者在豆芽的硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽污染狀況及安全食用的研究中得出,在常溫和冰箱中儲(chǔ)藏的豆芽其亞硝酸鹽含量均呈現(xiàn)先升后降的趨勢(shì),但常溫儲(chǔ)藏時(shí)變幅更大,而豆芽中硝酸鹽含量則隨貯藏時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而逐漸減少[5-6]。一些學(xué)者在不同儲(chǔ)藏條件和洗滌方式對(duì)蔬菜中亞硝酸鹽含量影響的研究中得出,低溫條件下更利于蔬菜的貯藏;洗滌劑對(duì)蔬菜的清洗作用優(yōu)于鹽水[7-9]。