李娟娟 莫春生 梁麗春 孔之華
廣東佛山市南海中醫(yī)院外科 佛山 528200
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廣泛切除和局部腫塊切除術(shù)治療乳腺分葉狀腫瘤的臨床效果比較
李娟娟莫春生梁麗春孔之華
廣東佛山市南海中醫(yī)院外科佛山528200
目的比較廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)與乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù)治療乳腺分葉狀腫瘤的臨床效果。方法選取2005-08—2010-10間接受治療的80例乳腺分葉狀腫瘤患者,按治療方法不同,分為廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)組(A組)45例,局部腫塊切除術(shù)組(B組)35例,分別以患者患側(cè)肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、無(wú)疾病生存期和中位生存時(shí)間等評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)對(duì)2組進(jìn)行比較分析。結(jié)果術(shù)后病理均診斷為乳腺分葉狀腫瘤,其中良性 A組30 例(67%),B組23例(66%);交界性 A組10 例(22%),B組7例(20%);惡性 A組5例(11%),B組5例(14%)。術(shù)后第12個(gè)月B組患者的外展、外旋、摸高高度功能顯著優(yōu)于A(yíng)組患者(P<0.05);而2組患者的肌力、前屈、后伸、內(nèi)旋功能比較并無(wú)顯著性差異(P>0.05)。術(shù)后60個(gè)月,A組和B組患者的5 a中位生存時(shí)間分別為56個(gè)月和55個(gè)月(P=0.693);5 a復(fù)發(fā)率分別為24.14%和44.44%(P=0.061),差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。A組患者的無(wú)疾病生存期為52個(gè)月,較B組的47個(gè)月顯著延長(zhǎng)(P=0.025), A組和B組交界性和惡性患者的5 a生存率分別為10.28%和11.17%(P=0.724)。結(jié)論廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)較乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù)對(duì)交界性和惡性乳腺分葉狀腫瘤患者的預(yù)后更為有利,在患者情況允許的條件下應(yīng)盡量考慮選擇此術(shù)式。
廣泛腫塊切除術(shù);乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù);乳腺分葉狀腫瘤;臨床效果;預(yù)后
乳腺分葉狀腫瘤(Phyllodes tumors of breast,PTB),又稱(chēng)乳腺葉狀囊肉瘤,是一種罕見(jiàn)的乳腺腫瘤類(lèi)型。PTB是由乳腺基質(zhì)和上皮兩種成分所形成的一種纖維上皮性腫瘤,腫瘤切面呈肉樣,具有囊狀分葉狀。根據(jù)其組織學(xué)特點(diǎn)分為良性、交界性和惡性3類(lèi)[1]。手術(shù)切除治療該病患者預(yù)后良好。常用治療術(shù)式有廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)和乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù),兩種術(shù)式均能有效切除病灶,改善患者預(yù)后。2005-08—2010-10,我院分別采用兩種術(shù)式治療80例乳腺分葉狀腫瘤患者,現(xiàn)就治療效果對(duì)比分析如下。
1.1一般資料將80例PTB患者根據(jù)術(shù)式分為2組。實(shí)施廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)者(A組)45例, 年齡28~69歲,平均49.8歲。病程(39.8±19.6)個(gè)月。腫塊直徑2.7~16.3 cm,平均7.3 cm。其中7例可觸及同側(cè)淋巴結(jié)腫大。行乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù)者(B組)35例,年齡26~68歲,平均49.2歲。病程(41.1±20.4)個(gè)月。腫塊直徑2.9~16.7 cm,平均7.4 cm。其中4例可觸及同側(cè)淋巴結(jié)腫大。2組患者一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2治療方法
1.2.1廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)組局部麻醉,切開(kāi)皮膚,分離皮瓣,顯露乳腺腫物。切除完整的腫塊及腫塊周?chē)?~2 cm的乳腺組織,標(biāo)本送病理室檢測(cè)。止血,沖洗,可吸收線(xiàn)縫合皮下組織及切口,常規(guī)包扎,并抗炎治療。
1.2.2乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù)組局部麻醉,切開(kāi)皮膚,分離皮瓣,顯露乳腺腫物。切除完整腫塊及以腫塊為中心周?chē)?.5~1.0 cm的乳腺組織,標(biāo)本送病理室檢測(cè)。止血,沖洗,可吸收線(xiàn)縫合皮下組織級(jí)切口,常規(guī)包扎,并抗炎治療。
1.3評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)(1)術(shù)后每2個(gè)月對(duì)患者進(jìn)行一次隨訪(fǎng),觀(guān)察:患者復(fù)發(fā)情況,無(wú)疾病進(jìn)展生存期(PFS),5 a總生存率以及2組患者隨訪(fǎng)第12個(gè)月的患側(cè)肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)能力。(2)無(wú)疾病進(jìn)展生存期(Progression Free Survival,PFS):從首次治療結(jié)束開(kāi)始至疾病復(fù)發(fā)或由于疾病進(jìn)展導(dǎo)致患者死亡的時(shí)間。(3)患側(cè)肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)能力評(píng)定[2]: 主要包括患者患肢外展、前屈、后伸、內(nèi)旋、外旋及手指的爬墻摸高高度。 肌力測(cè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):0級(jí):肌肉無(wú)收縮。Ⅰ級(jí):肌肉有輕微收縮,但不能夠移動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)。Ⅱ級(jí):肌肉收縮可帶動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)水平方向運(yùn)動(dòng),但不能夠?qū)沟匦囊?。Ⅲ?jí):能夠?qū)沟匦囊σ苿?dòng)關(guān)節(jié),但不能夠?qū)棺枇?。Ⅳ?jí):能對(duì)抗地心引力運(yùn)動(dòng)肢體且對(duì)抗一定強(qiáng)度的阻力。Ⅴ級(jí):能抵抗強(qiáng)大的阻力運(yùn)動(dòng)肢體(正常)。
2.12組手術(shù)方式與病理結(jié)果A組:良性23例,交界性7例,惡性5例。B組:良性30例,交界性10例,惡性5例。
2.22組患肢功能恢復(fù)情況術(shù)后第12個(gè)月隨訪(fǎng), 2組患者患肢前屈、后伸、內(nèi)旋功能以及肌力比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。B組患肢的外展、外旋、摸高高度顯著優(yōu)于A(yíng)患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
表1 2組患者不同術(shù)式患側(cè)肢體功能恢復(fù)情況對(duì)比±s)
2.32組患者隨訪(fǎng)5 a情況比較A組復(fù)發(fā)8例,復(fù)發(fā)率17.8%,B組復(fù)發(fā)11例,復(fù)發(fā)率31.4%;A組5 a生存率為10.28%,B組為11.17%;A組5 a中位生存期為56個(gè)月,B組為55個(gè)月,見(jiàn)圖1。A 組無(wú)疾病生存期為52個(gè)月,B組為47個(gè)月,見(jiàn)圖2。
PTB好發(fā)于40~50歲女性,病變多為單側(cè)。病程一般較長(zhǎng),腫塊較大,腫瘤直徑1~16 cm,大者可達(dá)45 cm,可有腫塊突然加速生長(zhǎng)的病史[3]。目前該病的病因尚不清楚,可能與以下因素有關(guān):(1)體內(nèi)雌激素水平失調(diào)[4]:月經(jīng)初潮前后內(nèi)分泌功能為不穩(wěn)定階段,性成熟早期及老年不同階段的婦女,內(nèi)分泌均發(fā)生重大變化,容易產(chǎn)生不協(xié)調(diào)。其中雌激素分泌增多被認(rèn)為是PTB發(fā)生的基礎(chǔ)。(2)可起始發(fā)生或由纖維腺瘤演變而來(lái):已有病例證實(shí)在PTB的鄰近先前存在纖維腺瘤,甚至可能原本就是纖維腺瘤。而某些等位基因的缺失或異常擴(kuò)增是纖維腺瘤轉(zhuǎn)化為PTB的重要原因[5]。(3)其他:包括種族、年齡、地域和衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣等。
圖1 2組總生存時(shí)間
廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)主要適用于腫瘤體積比較大,涉及的淋巴結(jié)比較多,或者腫瘤體積小且分布比較集中的患者。乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù)則主要適用于腫瘤病變比較集中,且無(wú)相互連接的患者。如患者為青春期女性,也鼓勵(lì)選用此術(shù)式。本組顯示,相較于乳腺局部腫塊切除術(shù),廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)能較完全切除病變組織,延長(zhǎng)患者無(wú)疾病進(jìn)展時(shí)間。但該術(shù)式創(chuàng)傷較大,因波及部分健康組織而影響患肢的外展、外旋、摸高功能。另外,乳房的外觀(guān)也可被影響。
圖2 2組無(wú)疾病生存時(shí)間
因此,我們認(rèn)為廣泛腫塊切除術(shù)可作為乳腺分葉狀腫瘤患者的首選術(shù)式,因其較局部腫塊切除術(shù)可有效改善患者預(yù)后。需在尊重患者選擇的情況下盡量選用該術(shù)式。
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(收稿2016-01-19)
Choice of Surgical Therapeutical Methods about Phylloides Tumor of Breast(PTB)
LiJuanjuan,MoChunsheng,LiangLichun,KongZihua.
Departmentofsurgery,FoshanHospitaloftraditionalChinesemedicine,FoshanGuangdong, 528200,China
ObjectiveTo make comparisons and analysis of the clinical effect between extensive lumpectomy and partial breast lumpectomy method on treating breast phyllodes tumor. MethodsA retrospective analysis was used in our study, 80 cases of lobular breast cancer patients who had been treated surgically in our hospital from August 2005 to October 2010 were divided into 2 groups according to different treating ways, extensive line of surgical lumpectomy group: 45 cases (A group) and local breast lumpectomy treatment group: 40 cases (group B).Phyllodes tumor of the breast is diagnosed by postoperative pathological diagnosis, of which 30 cases in group A (67%) and 23(66%) cases in group B are benign, 10 cases in group A (22%) and 7 cases in group B(20%) are borderline, and 5 cases in group A(11%) and 5 cases in group B(14%) are malignant. The post operative recurrence and the 5-year survival rate of the borderine and maligant cases of the two groups were anlayzed.The data were analyzed Using SPSS16.0 statistical analysis. The side body movement ability were evaluated with independent sample t-test,muscle strength level <5 rate with the Chi-squaretest. Overall survival or median survival time was analyzed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Comparison was made between the two groups using the log-rank test (P=0.05) . ResultsTwo groups of patients followed up for more than 60 months. At 12 months, we evaluated the limb function of the two groups separately, and there was no significantly difference in muscle strength, flexion, extension, pronation. However, the external rotation of patients in group B was significantly better than that of patients in group A. What’s more , there were no significantly difference in the 5-year recurrence rate , 5-year survival rates of the borderline and makugant cases between group A and group B. Nevertheless, the disease free survival time in group A was significantly longer than that in group B. ConclusionExtensive lumpectomy does better in extending the disease free survival time than local mass resection in patients with borderline and maligant phyllodes tumor of the breast, and in the case of permiting, this mode of surgery should be choosed at first.
Extensive excision of the lesion; Breast tumor excision; Breast phyllodes tumor; Clinical effect; Prognosis
R737.9
B
1077-8991(2016)05-0003-03