□ 文/杜娟

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重慶與金奈：構(gòu)建起產(chǎn)業(yè)合作的互聯(lián)互通

□ 文/杜娟

城市簡(jiǎn)介

金奈地處印度東南沿海，東臨孟加拉灣，為泰米爾納德邦的首府，金奈（泰米爾語(yǔ)：“Chennai”）以前被稱為馬德拉斯（英語(yǔ)：“Madras”）。印度第四大商業(yè)城市，世界35大都市地區(qū)之一。其經(jīng)濟(jì)主要基于其汽車(chē)工業(yè)、IT科技和醫(yī)療工業(yè)實(shí)力。金奈市汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)，被稱為“印度的底特律”，全印度30%的汽車(chē)和40%的汽車(chē)零部件產(chǎn)自金奈，現(xiàn)代、雷諾、尼桑等全球知名汽車(chē)品牌均在當(dāng)?shù)亻_(kāi)設(shè)了工廠。金奈市軟件業(yè)發(fā)展良好，是印度第二大軟件出口城市，僅次于班加羅爾。金奈是印度最大的人工港，海、空、鐵路和公路交通均很方便，故被稱為印度南部的門(mén)戶。隨著政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)的開(kāi)放，金奈在進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易方面的重要地位不斷提升。

除了在經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)方面的成就外，在音樂(lè)、電影、體育、文化遺產(chǎn)等方面，金奈有其自身的特色。金奈以文化遺產(chǎn)而著稱。作為泰米爾納德邦的首府，金奈不僅是達(dá)羅毗荼文化的寶庫(kù)，還是種姓制度殘留最明顯的地區(qū)。目前，金奈已經(jīng)發(fā)展為印度的重要旅游城市之一。

重慶作為中國(guó)的四大直轄市之一，是西南地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中心。重慶市與金奈市友好城市關(guān)系的建立，不僅在產(chǎn)業(yè)合作方面，還是在人文交流方面，都具有重大意義。

外事知識(shí)

中國(guó)“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略與印度“向東看”政策

“一帶一路”是指“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”和“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的簡(jiǎn)稱。它依靠中國(guó)與有關(guān)沿線國(guó)家既有的雙多邊機(jī)制，借助既有的、行之有效的區(qū)域合作平臺(tái)，旨在借用古代“絲綢之路”的歷史符號(hào)，主動(dòng)地發(fā)展與沿線國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作伙伴關(guān)系，共同打造政治互信、經(jīng)濟(jì)融合、文化包容的利益共同體、命運(yùn)共同體和責(zé)任共同體。

印度“向東看”戰(zhàn)略是印度總理拉奧于上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代初提出的，是冷戰(zhàn)后印度實(shí)施的大國(guó)戰(zhàn)略的重要組成部分，融國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略于一體，涉及政治、外交、經(jīng)貿(mào)、文化、軍事等各個(gè)方面。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，印度最初設(shè)定的“東向”目標(biāo)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)，它與東南亞國(guó)家的關(guān)系進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的歷史階段?，F(xiàn)在印度“東向政策”從純粹的外交政策轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展成內(nèi)外兼顧。近年來(lái)，隨著中國(guó)“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的提出，這與印度的“向東看”政策產(chǎn)生了重合，這種重合不僅為兩國(guó)的合作提供了新契機(jī)，而且促使中國(guó)與印度合作的不斷深化。

互聯(lián)互通

“互聯(lián)互通”，本意是指運(yùn)營(yíng)商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)與不在該網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的設(shè)備或設(shè)施之間的物理鏈路，而現(xiàn)在更多地被引申過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)明穿越時(shí)空的聯(lián)系。在國(guó)際關(guān)系中，互聯(lián)互通一般是指跨越國(guó)家的商業(yè)貿(mào)易之間的溝通與合作，目的在于促進(jìn)國(guó)家之間交往的便利化和流動(dòng)性。這是一種平等共生的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)，合作各方將彼此需求對(duì)接。

2014年底，在北京召開(kāi)的“加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)互通伙伴關(guān)系”東道主伙伴對(duì)話會(huì)上，中方提出大力做好互聯(lián)互通人力資源的培訓(xùn)工作。2015年5月15日，首屆中印地方合作論壇在北京人民大會(huì)堂召開(kāi)，國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)、印度總理莫迪出席論壇并出席。重慶市長(zhǎng)黃奇帆率重慶代表團(tuán)出席，并圍繞地方在促進(jìn)中印建立更加緊密的發(fā)展合作伙伴關(guān)系作了發(fā)言。會(huì)議期間，重慶市跟印度金奈市簽署了友好關(guān)系城市協(xié)定。

重慶與金奈歷史淵源深厚，抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期就通過(guò)“駝峰路線”建起戰(zhàn)略互助的空中橋梁；現(xiàn)在，重慶與印度經(jīng)貿(mào)文化交流合作也蓬勃發(fā)展。在未來(lái)進(jìn)一步的合作發(fā)展中，雙方一要加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展互聯(lián)互通；二要加強(qiáng)投資合作互聯(lián)互通；三要加強(qiáng)服務(wù)貿(mào)易互聯(lián)互通；四要加強(qiáng)城市智慧管理互聯(lián)互通；五要加強(qiáng)人文領(lǐng)域互聯(lián)互通。

外事案例

習(xí)近平與莫迪互訪為重慶與金奈建立友城牽線

2014年10月中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平訪問(wèn)印度和2015年5月印度總理莫迪訪華，雙方就政治對(duì)話與戰(zhàn)略溝通、構(gòu)建更加緊密的發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系進(jìn)行下一步規(guī)劃。并在人文交流、新的合作領(lǐng)域、跨境合作等事宜上達(dá)成了一致，其中就有中國(guó)重慶與印度金奈結(jié)為友好城市的決定，這為兩國(guó)關(guān)系的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2015年11月26日，重慶與印度金奈結(jié)為旅游友好城邦。重慶市作為中國(guó)的一個(gè)直轄市，是印度旅游局在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上部署的重要一環(huán)。2016年是“中印交流年”的第二年，印度旅游局將在2016年采取更多措施促進(jìn)重慶人民和金奈人民的相互交流，希望更多重慶游客來(lái)印度體驗(yàn)異域風(fēng)情。

重慶作為絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶與長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶相會(huì)的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)，在中國(guó)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)中扮演了重要的角色。金奈作為印度第四大商業(yè)城市和南部最大的貿(mào)易中心，是促進(jìn)印度南部發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿?。重慶市與金奈市產(chǎn)業(yè)互補(bǔ)性強(qiáng)，兩市發(fā)展建立友好城市關(guān)系，有助于進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)雙方在經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易、文化等領(lǐng)域的實(shí)質(zhì)性合作與交流，提升重慶在南亞地區(qū)的知名度和影響力，促進(jìn)重慶內(nèi)陸開(kāi)放高地建設(shè)。

重慶企業(yè)“走向印度”與印度企業(yè)“走進(jìn)中國(guó)”

2014年，重慶與印度的進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)到100億元；2015年第一季度增幅超過(guò)60%，雙方交流的領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)展，合作方式更趨多樣，合作成果日益豐碩，為鞏固雙邊發(fā)展伙伴關(guān)系奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

印度人口眾多，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施較為落后，工程市場(chǎng)潛力巨大。早在2004年，重慶企業(yè)就開(kāi)始進(jìn)入印度市場(chǎng)。6月19日，印度《經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道了重慶力帆集團(tuán)正在進(jìn)入印度市場(chǎng)。據(jù)中國(guó)駐印度參贊介紹，目前在印度的中資建筑企業(yè)中，重慶外建集團(tuán)在當(dāng)?shù)乜诒己?，印度知名企業(yè)TATA集團(tuán)旗下的建筑公司主動(dòng)要求與其合作共建輕軌項(xiàng)目。2015年底，落戶重慶兩江新區(qū)的中冶賽迪集團(tuán)收到印度TATA集團(tuán)下屬的鋼鐵公司的高爐中標(biāo)書(shū)，這意味著重慶兩江新區(qū)企業(yè)的高爐已經(jīng)進(jìn)入印度市場(chǎng)，進(jìn)一步借助重慶品牌邁向國(guó)際化。與此同時(shí)，印度的企業(yè)也在積極進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)。

延伸閱讀

金奈：印度東海岸的明珠

印度是一個(gè)“十里不同俗”的國(guó)家，其人種、語(yǔ)言、宗教、建筑多樣。在眾多的城市中，金奈成為其東海岸的一顆明珠。金奈之美，美在建筑，亦美在文化。

金奈的建筑是印度傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格與英倫風(fēng)范完美的結(jié)合。不同于印度北部的傳統(tǒng)建筑摻雜伊斯蘭元素（泰姬陵就是典型的伊斯蘭建筑），金奈的傳統(tǒng)建筑是純印度式的。由于英國(guó)人在此經(jīng)營(yíng)良久，金奈也留下了很多歐式建筑，基督教堂隨處可見(jiàn)。

生活在這座城市里的人信奉印度教和基督教，而分別代表這兩種宗教的格巴利斯瓦拉神廟和圣多馬大教堂相隔不遠(yuǎn)。格巴利斯瓦拉神廟供奉的是濕婆神，是一座達(dá)羅毗荼文化樣式的寺院；而圣多馬是基督教12使徒之一，圣多馬大教堂是一座哥特式建筑。五顏六色的印度神廟與潔白的哥特式基督教堂交相輝映。同時(shí)仰望兩種風(fēng)格的建筑，就像在同時(shí)欣賞白天鵝和花孔雀。

金奈是達(dá)羅毗荼文化的寶庫(kù)，是一個(gè)沒(méi)有受到伊斯蘭教文化影響的純粹的印度文化寶庫(kù)。金奈的文化淵源可以追溯到達(dá)羅毗荼人的哈拉帕文化。它最早綻放在印度河流域，在雅利安人進(jìn)入印恒河平原后，留在原地的達(dá)羅毗荼人和哈拉帕文化被雅利安文化同化形成如今的印度文化。而另一部分達(dá)羅毗荼人帶著哈拉帕文化遷徙到現(xiàn)在的泰米爾納德邦，保留了自己獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言和習(xí)俗。其后代成為“泰米爾人”，保留下來(lái)的文化現(xiàn)稱“泰米爾文化”。

● 作者為四川外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)院碩士研究生●

Introduction of Chennai

Chennai is the capital of Tamil Nadu and it was called Madras , which lies in the southeast of India and its east extends to the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth largest city in India and one of the most developed 35 cities in the world. Its economy is mainly based on its automotive industry, information technology and medical industry. Its automotive industry is relatively advanced and the city enjoys the reputation of “Detroit of India”. Nearly 30% cars and 40% car components in all India are made in Chennai, and famous international car companies like Hyundai, Renault, Nissan have their manufactories here. The software industry of Chennai is highly-developed; Chennai is the second largest software-export city in India after Bangalore. Chennai is the largest artifi cial harbor in India, what is more, the sea, air, rail and road traffi c is convenient, so Chennai is called the portal of south India. With the opening up of special economic zone by the government, Chennai has been playing more and more important role in trade and business.

Chennai not only has made great achievements in economic construction, but also has its uniqueness in music, movie, sports and cultural heritage, and it is famous for its cultural heritage. Chennai is the treasury of Dravidian culture, and it is also the treasure-house of pure Indian culture which has not been affected by the Islam culture. Caste system in India can still be found deeply here. At present, Chennai has been one of the most attractive tourist cities in India.

Chongqing city is one of the 4 municipalities in China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the southwest in China. The establishment of sister city between Chongqing and Chennai will have great meaning in industry cooperation, cultural and educational exchanges for both sides.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

The Belt and Road Initiative of China and Look East Policy of India

The Belt and Road Initiative is a development strategy and framework, proposed by People's Republic of China that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries primarily in Eurasia, which consists of two main components, the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and oceangoing Maritime Silk Road (MSR). The initiative which is largely analogous to the historical Silk Road, calls for the integration of the region into a cohesive economic area through building infrastructure, increasing cultural exchanges, and broadening trade.

India's Look East policy was developed and enacted during the government of Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao, India's strategy has focused on forging close economic and commercial ties, increasing strategy and security cooperation and the emphasis of historic cultural and ideological links. India sought to create and expand regional markets for trade, investment and industrial development. It also began strategic and military cooperation with nations concerned by the expansion of China's economic and strategic infl uence. In recent years, China put forward “One Belt, One Road”, and India produce “Look East” policy, which have coincidence. This coincidence not only provides new opportunities for cooperation between the two countries, but promotes cooperation between China and India.

Interconnection

Interconnectivity intention refers to the network operators and not in the network of physical link between the equipment or facilities. But now it is extended over more instructions through time and space links. In international relations, generally it refers to the interconnection of communication and cooperation across national commercial trade between the countries aimed at promoting exchanges between convenience and mobility. This is an equal symbiotic network of relationships; the parties will cooperate with each other docking needs.

The end of 2014, Beijing held a strengthening interconnection partnership dialogue partner to host the meeting; China made great efforts to do a good job of training human resources. On May 15, 2015, Hall. Premier Li Keqiang attended the forum and Indian Prime Minister Modi to attend. Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan with his delegation attended the meeting and made a statement about the place in the promotion of India to establish closer partnership fordevelopment. During the meeting, Chongqing and Chennai signed a friendship city relationship agreement.

Chongqing and Chennai has close historical ties. During the war, through the“Hump Route” air bridge built strategic cooperation. Now, Chongqing’s economy, trade cooperation and cultural exchanges with India are also booming. Further development of cooperation in the future, firstly, both sides should strengthen industrial development interconnection. Secondly, they have to reinforce trade in services interconnection. Next, they need to enhance urban management wisdom interconnection. Finally, they should intensify interconnection humanities.

Foreign Cases

Xi Jinping and Modi Visits for Founding the Sister City of Chongqing and Chennai

In October 2014, Chinese President Xi Jinping visited India. And in May 2015, Indian Prime Minister Modi visited China. The two sides on political dialogue and strategic communication built closer partnership for development, and reached a consensus on cultural exchanges, new areas of cooperation, cross-border cooperation. Thus, Chongqing and Chennai made sister cities decision, which laid the foundation for the further development of relations between the two cities. On November 26th, 2015, Chongqing and Chennai became tourist-friendly cities. As a municipality of China, Chongqing is an important part of India Tourist Offi ce in the Chinese market deployment. The year of 2016 is the second year of the China-India Exchange Year. India Tourism Bureau will take more measures to facilitate the exchange between Chongqing people and Chennai people and hope that more tourists will come to Chongqing to experience different region amorous feelings.

As an important node in the Silk Road economic belt and the Yangtze River economic belt, Chongqing plays an important role in the development of western China. Chennai, India's fourth largest city and commercial center of the south's largest trade, is an important driving force for the development of southern India. Chongqing and Chennai industries are highly complementary, the two cities establish sister city relations, helping to further promote bilateral substantial cooperation in the economic, trade, cultural and other fi elds, enhancing Chongqing in south Asia visibility and infl uence, at the same time promoting Chongqing inland open construction.

Chongqing Enterprises to India and Indian Enterprises Into China

In 2014, total imports and exports of Chongqing and India reached 100 billion RMB. The fi rst quarter of 2015, it increases over 60%. The areas of mutual exchanges are expanding and the way of cooperation becomes diversely. The achievement of cooperation is fruitful. This consolidates the bilateral partnership for development.

India has the large population and relatively poor infrastructure. But it has huge engineering market. As early as 2004, Chongqing enterprises began to enter the Indian market, India's Economic Times reported on June 19 Chongqing Lifan Group is entering the Indian market. According to the Chinese ambassador to India, currently owned construction enterprises in India, the Chongqing Construction Group outside owned the local good reputation and well-known enterprises of the Indian TATA Group offered cooperation with construction companies to build a light rail project. The end of 2015, CCID Metallurgical Group settled in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area, later it received subsidiary of the Indian TATA Steel's blast furnace in the tender, which means that enterprises in Chongqing Liangjiang New Area has entered the Indian market blast, and further towards the aid Chongqing brand of country. At the same time, Indian companies are also actively entering the Chinese market.

Further Reading

Chennai - The Pearl of the East Coast of India

India is a country which has different and various customs. It has multiple race, language, religion and architecture. In many of its cities, Chennai becomes a pearl of the east coast. The beauty of Chennai includes the architecture and the culture.

The architecture of Chennai is a traditional Indian style with the perfect combination of British style. It is different from the tradition of northern India building which has Islamic elements. The Taj-mahal is a typical Islamic architecture. The traditional architecture of Chennai is a Hindu. Because the British people had business in this area for a long time, Chennai also left a lot of European style architecture. The Christian church can be seen everywhere. People who live in there believe in Hinduism and Christianity.

Representing these two religious, barras tile temple and the cathedral of St. Thomas are not far away. In the temple of Lord Shiva, the gas is the Dravidian style tea culture of temple. Thomas church is one of the twelve apostles Christianity which is a gothic architecture. The colorful Indian temple and white hand in photograph refl ect gothic church of Christ.

Looking at two kinds of style of architecture at the same time as if you appreciate the white swan and peacocks at the same time. The capital of the state of Tamil Nadu Chennai is a treasure trove barrow culture. It is a pure Indian culture treasure house not under the influence of Islam culture. Chennai’s cultural origin can be traced to the Dravidian tea of the Harappa culture. It is the earliest blooming and watershed in India, after the Aryans into the Ganges, at the Dravidian stay put, tea and Harappa culture was Aryan cultural assimilation today’s India culture. And the other part of the Dravidian tea with the Harappa culture assimilated to the present state of Tamil Nadu, keeping their unique language and customs. Their offspring becomes Tamils and preserved culture called Tamil culture.

By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University

Chongqing and Chennai- Building up Industry Interconnection City

□ Written by Du J uan