任真奎, 何 婧, 吳昌學(xué), 官志忠, 禹文峰
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 貴州 貴陽 550004)
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激活星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞α7膽堿能受體后內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白的表達(dá)*
任真奎, 何婧, 吳昌學(xué), 官志忠, 禹文峰**
(貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué) 分子生物學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 貴州 貴陽550004)
目的: 探討尼古丁激活SD大鼠星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞α7膽堿能受體(α7 nAChRs)后內(nèi)源性B-晶狀體蛋白(Cryab)表達(dá)。方法: 分離24 h新生乳鼠大腦皮質(zhì),原代培養(yǎng)并鑒定為星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞后,將培養(yǎng)第3~4代的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞分為正常對(duì)照組、尼古丁處理組和α7 nAChRs阻斷劑 (MLA)聯(lián)合尼古丁處理組;正常對(duì)照組不加尼古丁和MLA,尼古丁處理組以1、5及10 μmol/L濃度的尼古丁處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞6、12、18及24 h,MLA聯(lián)合尼古丁處理組以0.05、0.1、0.15及0.2 μmol/L濃度的MLA預(yù)先處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞2 h后,再加入尼古丁處理組最佳濃度的尼古丁和最佳培養(yǎng)時(shí)間培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞;運(yùn)用蛋白印跡(Western blotting)方法檢測(cè)3組星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果: 與正常對(duì)照組比較,尼古丁處理組的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白上調(diào)(P<0.05);與尼古丁處理組比較,MLA聯(lián)合尼古丁處理組的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白上調(diào)受到明顯抑制(P<0.01)。結(jié)論: 尼古丁激活星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞α7nAChRs可上調(diào)內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白表達(dá),該表達(dá)可被MLA阻斷。
星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞; B-晶狀體蛋白; α7膽堿能受體; 尼古?。?阿爾茨海默氏病
[Abstract]Objective: To investigate the expression of endogenous Cryab protein after the activation of α7 nAChRs by nicotine in SD rat astrocytes. Methods: The rat cerebral cortex of 24 h neonatal was isolated. After primary culture and identification of astrocytes, the astrocytes cultivated for 3~4 generation were divided into normal control group, nicotine treatment group and α7 nAChRs blocking agent (MLA) plus nicotine treatment group. Normal control group did not receive nicotine and MLA, 1, 5 and 10 μmol/L nicotine was used to treat astrocytes for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h in nicotine treatment group, and in MLA plus nicotine treatment group 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 μmol/L MLA treated astrocytes for 2 h previously and nicotine of optimal concentration was used to cultivate the astrocytes in optimal cultivation time. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of endogenous Cryab protein in astrocytes the three groups. Results: Compared with normal control group, the endogenous Cryab protein expression up-regulated significantly in nicotine treatment group(P<0.05). Compared with nicotine treatment group, the up-regulation of endogenous Cryab protein expression in MLA plus nicotine treatment group was significantly inhibited(P<0.01). Conclusions: The activation of α7 nAChRs of astrocytes by nicotine can up-regulate endogenous Cryab protein expression, which can be blocked by α7 nAChRs blocker MLA.
[Key words]astrocytes; Cryab; α7 cholinergic receptor; nicotine; Alzheimer's disease
B-晶狀體蛋白(Cryab)是一類分子伴侶蛋白,屬于小分子熱休克蛋白家族成員,廣泛地分布在腦組織中,并且主要在星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞(astrocyte,AS)和少突膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)表達(dá)[1]。在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),Cryab具有抗凋亡和神經(jīng)保護(hù)的生理功能[2]。在阿爾茨海默病(alzheimer’s disease, AD)大腦中,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞表達(dá)的Cryab蛋白明顯上調(diào),并且這些上調(diào)的Cryab蛋白緊密地分布在β-淀粉樣蛋白(amyloid-β, Aβ)沉積周圍[3]。Aβ的異常聚集是AD的主要的病理特征之一[4],Aβ的異常聚集可以導(dǎo)致突觸功能障礙、慢性炎癥及細(xì)胞凋亡等[5]。有研究表明,Cryab蛋白能夠通過與Aβ蛋白直接結(jié)合等方式有效地阻止Aβ蛋白的聚集及其細(xì)胞毒性作用[6-7]。α7膽堿能受體(α7 nicotinic receptors,α7 nAChRs)對(duì)改善AD的學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)知障礙有顯著作用。課題組近期研究表明,用尼古丁激活星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞α7 nAChRs后能顯著抑制Aβ的聚集,但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚?;贑ryab蛋白能抑制Aβ蛋白的聚集及其細(xì)胞毒性的特性,因此推測(cè)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)源Cryab蛋白可能是尼古丁介導(dǎo)Aβ聚集的中間環(huán)節(jié), Cryab蛋白可能是AD的一種潛在治療靶點(diǎn)。
1.1材料及試劑
新生24~48 h內(nèi)的SD(Sprague-Dawley)大鼠由貴州醫(yī)科大學(xué)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供。胎牛血清及DMEM培養(yǎng)基購于美國Gibco公司,α7nAChRs阻斷劑(methyllycaconitine,MLA) 購于美國Sigma公司,青-鏈霉素及胰蛋白酶購于美國Hyclone公司;DMSO購自美國Sigma公司,鼠抗Cryab(αB-crystallin)單克隆抗體購自美國Abcam公司;辣根過氧化物酶(HRP)標(biāo)記的抗兔、抗鼠二抗、鼠抗β-肌動(dòng)蛋白 (β-actin) 單克隆抗體、抗體稀釋液以及封閉液、聚丙烯酰胺凝膠購自碧云天公司;高效顯影膠片、顯影液以及定影液購自柯達(dá)公司,ECL-Plus試劑及聚乙烯二氟(PVDF)膜購于美國Millipore公司,BCA蛋白濃度測(cè)定試劑盒購自美國Thermo公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及傳代取24~48 h內(nèi)新生SD乳鼠的大腦皮質(zhì)剪成泥狀,消化漂洗后,加入含1%雙抗(青霉素100 000 U/L,鏈霉素100 000 U/L)、10%血清(FBS)的高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基,吹打成細(xì)胞懸液,接種至培養(yǎng)瓶,5%CO2、37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)。24 h后換液,之后每3 d換1次液,直至細(xì)胞鋪滿瓶底。培養(yǎng)8 d左右,純化并傳3~4代。
1.2.2分組及處理將培養(yǎng)第3~4代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞分為正常對(duì)照組、尼古丁處理組和MLA聯(lián)合尼古丁處理組,尼古丁處理組以1、5及10 μmol/L濃度的尼古丁處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞6、12、18及24 h,觀察不同濃度尼古丁處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)時(shí)Cryab蛋白表達(dá)水平;MLA聯(lián)合尼古丁處理組以0.05、0.1、0.15及0.2 μmol/L濃度的MLA預(yù)先處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞2 h后,選擇上調(diào)Cryab蛋白表達(dá)水平最高的尼古丁濃度(尼古丁組)加入最佳時(shí)間(尼古丁組)培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞;正常對(duì)照組不給于尼古丁和MLA處理。
1.2.3Cryab蛋白表達(dá)采用蛋白印跡法(Western blotting),從6孔板中收集細(xì)胞,加入細(xì)胞裂解液裂解(100 μL/孔),在4 ℃、12 000 r/min離心20 min,取上清(含蛋白質(zhì))用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒定量后分裝-80 ℃保存,用Western blotting方法檢測(cè)Cryab蛋白表達(dá)水平。12%的SDS-PAGE電泳分離5 μg 上樣量的蛋白樣品,轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,5%BSA室溫封閉1 h,TBS-T漂洗3次, 10 min/次,加入相應(yīng)一抗,4℃孵育過夜,TBS-T漂洗3次, 10 min/次,加入辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記二抗室溫孵育1 h,TBS-T漂洗3次, 10 min/次,曝光。以β-actin蛋白為內(nèi)參,用Image J軟件分析Cryab蛋白條帶與β-actin蛋白條帶像素灰度。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
所有數(shù)據(jù)用 SPSS 22.0 統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,數(shù)據(jù)比較采用單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1尼古丁顯著上調(diào)Cryab蛋白表達(dá)水平
與對(duì)照組比較,1、5及10 μmol/L尼古丁刺激星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞6、12、18及24 h可使Cryab(21 kD)蛋白表達(dá)水平升高,以5 μmol/L尼古丁濃度刺激18 h時(shí)升高最為明顯(P<0.05),見圖1。
2.2尼古丁通過激活α7 nAChRs上調(diào)Cryab蛋白水平
用0.05、0.1、0.15及0.2 μmol/L α7 nAChRs阻斷劑MLA預(yù)處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞2 h,再加入尼古丁5 μmol/L培養(yǎng)18 h后,與尼古丁處理組比較, Cryab蛋白(21 kD)的表達(dá)均受到抑制(P<0.05)。證實(shí)尼古丁是通過激活α7 nAChRs而上調(diào)Cryab蛋白表達(dá)水平。
(1)表示與正常對(duì)照組比較,P <0.05圖1 尼古丁對(duì)AS中Cryab蛋白表達(dá)影響Fig.1 Effect of Nicotine on the expression of Cryab protein
(1)與正常對(duì)照組比較,P <0.05;(2)與尼古丁處理組比較,P <0.01圖2 MLA對(duì)AS中Cryab蛋白表達(dá)的影響Fig.2 Effect of MLA on the expression of Cryab protein
隨著人口進(jìn)入老年化,AD的發(fā)病趨勢(shì)越來越嚴(yán)重。在AD的致病機(jī)制中,Aβ的聚集和沉積是其核心機(jī)制。Aβ的聚集和沉積不僅可以導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡,也可以破壞突觸結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,從而導(dǎo)致記憶和認(rèn)知功能障礙[9]。此外,Aβ的聚集和沉積能夠激活小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞和星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞釋放細(xì)胞因子,炎性因子等炎癥介質(zhì)從而導(dǎo)致腦內(nèi)的神經(jīng)炎癥[10]。所以,阻止Aβ的聚集,對(duì)防治AD具有重要意義。在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中主要的膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞是星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)具有支持和隔離、調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞離子濃度、調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的釋放、營養(yǎng)修復(fù)、抗氧化、形成和維持血腦屏障等多種生理功能[11-12]。Aβ的異常沉積形成的老年斑為AD的突出病理特征,在正常的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中Aβ主要由神經(jīng)元產(chǎn)生,并能通過相應(yīng)的途徑自動(dòng)清除,來源和去路維持一定的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,當(dāng)平衡被破壞時(shí)不可溶的Aβ纖維沉積形成淀粉樣斑塊[13]?;罨男切文z質(zhì)細(xì)胞能夠?qū)β進(jìn)行有效的吞噬和降解,但激活的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞又能夠?qū)е翧D腦內(nèi)的神經(jīng)炎癥發(fā)生[14]。神經(jīng)型尼古丁受體廣泛分布于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),α7 nAChRs在皮層神經(jīng)元中高表達(dá)而且是其中較為特殊的亞型,激活的α7 nAChRs參與多種生理調(diào)節(jié)外,還對(duì)改善神經(jīng)退行性疾病,特別是AD的學(xué)習(xí)和認(rèn)知障礙有顯著作用[15-16]。但是,有關(guān)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞α7 nAChRs的功能,特別是它調(diào)控星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞對(duì)Aβ聚集和沉積的研究目前尚未見到報(bào)道。
本研究旨在用尼古丁刺激星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的α7 nAChRs后,觀察其對(duì)內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)尼古丁刺激星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞后,能上調(diào)內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白表達(dá)。并且先加入MLA處理星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞2 h后,再加入尼古丁共同孵育18 h發(fā)現(xiàn)尼古丁上調(diào)內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白表達(dá)的效應(yīng)能被α7 nAChRs的阻斷劑MLA抑制;說明尼古丁是通過星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的α7 nAChRs而上調(diào)內(nèi)源性Cryab蛋白。課題組近期結(jié)果也表明,用尼古丁刺激星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞后能顯著抑制Aβ的聚集,Cryab蛋白能夠通過與Aβ蛋白直接結(jié)合等方式有效地阻止Aβ的聚集及其細(xì)胞毒性作用[16]。說明Cryab蛋白可能是抑制Aβ聚集的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)。為進(jìn)一步研究Cryab蛋白可能是AD的一個(gè)潛在治療靶點(diǎn)提供了重要依據(jù)。
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(2016-02-11收稿,2016-07-08修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 劉華
Endogenous Cryab Protein Expression after Activation of α7 nAChRs of Astrocytes
REN Zhenkui, HE Jing, WU Changxue, GUAN Zhizhong, YU Wenfeng
(KeyLabofMedicalMolecularBiology,GuizhouMedicalUniversity,Guiyang550004,Guizhou,China)
國家自然科學(xué)基金(81360199); 教育部科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項(xiàng)目(213032A); 貴州省國際科技合作項(xiàng)目[黔科合外G字(2013)7026號(hào)]
Email:wenfengyu2013@126.com
R34-33
A
1000-2707(2016)08-0874-04
10.19367/j.cnki.1000-2707.2016.08.002
**
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2016-08-23網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20160823.1343.030.html