刊首語(yǔ)

當(dāng)今是以計(jì)算機(jī)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)為代表的信息時(shí)代，我們的生活早已與數(shù)字技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了密切的關(guān)系。幾乎身邊的每一個(gè)人都在使用電腦、手機(jī)等數(shù)字產(chǎn)品，一有時(shí)間就在刷新微信朋友圈，連不久前的春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)也演變成了搶紅包大戰(zhàn)。數(shù)字技術(shù)早已悄悄地像病毒一樣侵入到我們每一個(gè)人的生活當(dāng)中。

數(shù)字技術(shù)是一項(xiàng)與電子計(jì)算機(jī)相伴相生的科學(xué)技術(shù)，它可以借助一定的設(shè)備將許多復(fù)雜多變的信息轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭梢远攘康臄?shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)，再憑借這些數(shù)字、數(shù)據(jù)建立起適當(dāng)?shù)臄?shù)字化模型，引入計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一處理。數(shù)字技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)帶給了這個(gè)世界無(wú)限的可能性，使工作和生活更加高效、便利。

將風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科與數(shù)字技術(shù)相結(jié)合，也帶來(lái)了風(fēng)景園林行業(yè)的諸多變化。它不僅有助于我們提高工作的效能，進(jìn)行科學(xué)的定量分析，更有助于我們解讀風(fēng)景園林這一復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。從前期分析、中間的設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思，到設(shè)計(jì)的圖紙表達(dá)，一直到項(xiàng)目的最終建造過(guò)程，在風(fēng)景園林實(shí)踐項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，數(shù)字技術(shù)都已經(jīng)開(kāi)始得到廣泛應(yīng)用。地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）、物理環(huán)境分析技術(shù)、參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)算生成設(shè)計(jì)、建筑信息模型（BIM）、數(shù)字圖解與虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、數(shù)控建造以及數(shù)字管理……一系列的新技術(shù)層出不窮。每一位從業(yè)者也都開(kāi)始或多或少地接觸數(shù)字技術(shù)，利用這些技術(shù)來(lái)完成一些之前僅靠雙手無(wú)法完成的工作。

風(fēng)景園林?jǐn)?shù)字化的推廣，也對(duì)從業(yè)者提出了新的要求。基于數(shù)字化的設(shè)計(jì)思維更多傾向于數(shù)理邏輯思維，這就要求從業(yè)者的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)更加全面，思考方式更加理性、邏輯化。同時(shí)，如何實(shí)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)與技術(shù)的結(jié)合，如何完成兩者的平衡，需要每一位從業(yè)者思考與探索。

盡管數(shù)字技術(shù)能夠給我們提供科學(xué)定量的分析，卻無(wú)法代替人類做出最終的決定，因?yàn)橛?jì)算機(jī)暫時(shí)還無(wú)法代替人腦思考。因此，數(shù)字技術(shù)只能作為設(shè)計(jì)師的工具和助手，主體依然是我們每一位從業(yè)者。優(yōu)秀作品能否產(chǎn)生，并不在于是否有更加先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，而是取決于設(shè)計(jì)者的思想。

每一項(xiàng)新事物的出現(xiàn)總是伴隨著肯定與爭(zhēng)議，關(guān)于數(shù)字技術(shù)的研究越發(fā)全面多元，針對(duì)它的質(zhì)疑和反思也從未停止。但是，正是這種不斷的思考、探討和論證，才促進(jìn)了理論與技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步和持續(xù)發(fā)展。

本期圍繞風(fēng)景園林?jǐn)?shù)字化，選取刊登了5篇相關(guān)文章，它們涉及多個(gè)方向，包括編程技術(shù)輔助規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)的方法、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助建造技術(shù)在風(fēng)景園林規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用、海綿城市水文模型、基于多源大數(shù)據(jù)的北京大型郊野公園的影響可視化研究、以及“人機(jī)交互技術(shù)”支持下的“動(dòng)態(tài)”景觀設(shè)計(jì)未來(lái)，獻(xiàn)與讀者，愿邀您與我們共同探討這一主題。

Today is an information era that is based on digital computing technologies and internetwork. Our life has already relied heavily on the digital technology. Almost everyone around have computer， mobile phone or other digital products and very often use them. We have to admit that digital technology has played a key role in our modern life.

Digital technology or information technology is actually the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store， transmit and manipulate the large amount of complex information. Then， with the techniques and computer programs，process the data， which could be considered a subset of information and communications technology. Such technology indeed gives us the infinite possibilities and surprise， and also makes work much more efficient.

The same， it should bring new possibilities to the landscape architecture development if digital technology could integrate into landscape planning and design. Not only does digital technology help us to enhance work efficiency， also applies statistical and mathematical methods to cope with landscape architecture such complex dynamic system for decisionmaking. From the early site analysis to the design drawings and expressions until the final construction effect， digital technology has been widely used in each stage of landscape practices， which includes Geographic Information System （GIS）， Geo-design，parametric design， Building Information Modeling （BIM）， digital management and so on. Most landscape architects start to learn and attempt different digital technologies in their projects. With the special techniques， help them to finish something that cannot work only by hands.

As the growth of digital landscape architecture， force more requirements created for all practitioners. For instance， ask landscape architects to train mathematical logic thinking， this requires people to build up a comprehensive， more rational knowledge structures in mind. Meanwhile， landscape architects should also consider and research on how to realize the combination of art and technology， and how to maintain the balance of both.

Although digital technology would provide us with scientific and quantitative analysis， still cannot make the final decision，because the computer has no brain to think independently like human. Thus， the digital technology would only play as a designer tool or designer assistant， the main body still our landscape architects. The outstanding work should be determined only by designer's ideas， not the advanced technology.

The creation of every fresh thing is always accompanied by affirmation and controversy. By rapid development on digital technology， judgment and reflection also never stop talking about it. Exactly， just the constant consideration， argument and demonstration， promote the progress and sustainable development of the technology.

Focused on digital landscape architecture， this issue of Landscape Architecture Journal will publish five papers，including the method of programming technology aided landscape planning， the potential of computer-aided manufacturing technology in landscape architecture， hydrological and hydraulic models for “sponge city”， the research of the impact of the large-scale country park in Beijing based on multi-source data and future dynamic landscape design based on “human computer interaction”. Hope all readers will enjoy reading， learning and improving altogether.

PREFACE