張宇麗,尹桂茹,畢 靜,齊智偉,張淑君(承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉科,河北承德 067000)
地塞米松不同給藥方式治療分泌性中耳炎的臨床觀察
張宇麗*,尹桂茹#,畢靜,齊智偉,張淑君(承德醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院耳鼻咽喉科,河北承德067000)
目的:觀察地塞米松不同給藥方式治療分泌性中耳炎的療效和安全性。方法:回顧性收集92例分泌性中耳炎患者資料,按給藥方式的不同分為觀察組(43例)和對(duì)照組(49例)。觀察組患者于電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)注射地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液5 mg,每2日1次。對(duì)照組患者于鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)注射地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液5 mg,每2日1次。兩組均以7 d為1個(gè)治療周期,未痊愈者可再治療1個(gè)周期,最多可重復(fù)治療4個(gè)周期。觀察兩組患者的臨床療效,治療前后的腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10水平,痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:觀察組患者總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療前,兩組患者TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-10比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組患者TNF-α、IL-6水平均顯著低于同組治療前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療前后CRP、IL-10水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)注射地塞米松的療效顯著優(yōu)于鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)給藥,可降低復(fù)發(fā)率,且安全性較好。
分泌性中耳炎;地塞米松;鼓膜穿刺;電子鼻咽喉鏡
分泌性中耳炎(Secretory otitis media,SOM)是一種中耳非化膿性疾病,以中耳積液及聽(tīng)力下降為臨床特征[1]。該病為耳鼻喉科常見(jiàn)疾病,常以上呼吸道感染為誘因。由于SOM可影響患者聽(tīng)力,因而會(huì)顯著降低患者的生活質(zhì)量,對(duì)于兒童患者,該病可能會(huì)影響聽(tīng)力發(fā)育[2-3]。SOM并非是一種完全由感染所導(dǎo)致的疾病,臨床治療主要以糖皮質(zhì)激素類抗炎藥為主,如地塞米松[4]。傳統(tǒng)的給藥方式為鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)注射給藥,該種給藥方式很難確定是否將藥物輸注到病變位置。為此,在本研究中筆者觀察了地塞米松不同給藥方式治療SOM的療效和安全性,旨在為臨床提供參考。
1.1資料來(lái)源
回顧性收集2013年1月-2015年1月我院92例SOM患者資料,按給藥方式的不同分為觀察組(43例)和對(duì)照組(49例)。兩組患者性別、年齡、病程等基本資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,詳見(jiàn)表1。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核通過(guò)。
表1 兩組患者基本資料比較)Tab 1 Comparison of basic information between 2 groups
表1 兩組患者基本資料比較)Tab 1 Comparison of basic information between 2 groups
項(xiàng)目男性/女性,例年齡,歲病程,周雙耳/單耳,例聽(tīng)閾(Pa)值觀察組(n=43)23/20 43.3±5.6 5.7±2.8 5/38 41.9±2.1對(duì)照組(n=49)22/27 42.8±5.9 5.9±3.1 5/44 42.3±2.5 t/χ20.676 0.415 0.323 0.048 0.824 P 0.411 0.679 0.748 0.827 0.412
1.2納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)均符合SOM的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5];(2)入組前均未使用過(guò)相關(guān)藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)近3個(gè)月內(nèi)接受過(guò)糖皮質(zhì)激素類藥物或免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑治療者;(2)精神病史者;(3)嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能障礙者;(4)合并活動(dòng)性感染者。
1.3治療方法
觀察組患者于電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)注射地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液(廣東邦民制藥廠有限公司,規(guī)格:1 ml含地塞米松5 mg,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H44021890)5 mg,每2日1次。對(duì)照組患者于鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)注射地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液5 mg,每2日1次。兩組均以7 d為1個(gè)治療周期,未痊愈者可再治療1個(gè)周期,最多可重復(fù)治療4個(gè)周期。
1.4觀察指標(biāo)
觀察兩組患者治療前后的腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-10水平,痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.5療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
痊愈:臨床癥狀消失,聽(tīng)力恢復(fù),耳膜形態(tài)正常;好轉(zhuǎn):臨床癥狀顯著改善,聽(tīng)力提高到25~35 dB,耳膜形態(tài)基本正?;騼H有內(nèi)陷;無(wú)效:臨床癥狀、聽(tīng)力及耳膜形態(tài)無(wú)改善??傆行?(痊愈例數(shù)+好轉(zhuǎn)例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.6統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料以表示,采用非配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以%表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn);累積復(fù)發(fā)率采用Kaplan-Meier曲線分析,以Log-rank檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組患者臨床療效比較
觀察組患者總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.513,P=0.034),詳見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組患者臨床療效比較(例)Tab 2 Comparison of clinical efficacy between 2 groups (case)
2.2兩組患者治療前后TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-10水平比較
治療前,兩組患者TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-10水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組患者TNF-α、IL-6水平均顯著低于同組治療前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療前后CRP、IL-10水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表3。
表3 兩組患者治療前后TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-10水平比較Tab 3 Comparison of TNF-α,CRP,IL-6,IL-10 levels between 2 groups before and after treatment
表3 兩組患者治療前后TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、IL-10水平比較Tab 3 Comparison of TNF-α,CRP,IL-6,IL-10 levels between 2 groups before and after treatment
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05Note:vs.before treatment,*P<0.05;vs.control group,#P<0.05
指標(biāo)TNF-α,ng/L CRP,mg/L IL-6,ng/L IL-10,ng/L治療后16.12±3.26*5.52±1.29 15.25±3.32*13.17±3.98觀察組(n=43)治療前17.25±3.61 5.46±1.23 16.57±3.61 13.25±4.25治療后12.15±3.22*#5.16±1.35 11.59±3.17*#13.67±4.21對(duì)照組(n=49)治療前17.61±4.21 5.67±1.35 16.39±3.72 13.42±4.51
2.3兩組患者痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率比較
觀察組患者痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=3.999,P=0.046),詳見(jiàn)表4、圖1。
表4 兩組患者痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率比較[例(%)]Tab 4 Comparison of 1-year cumulative recurrence rate between 2 groups after cured[case(%)]
2.4不良反應(yīng)
觀察組患者出現(xiàn)惡心1例、腹脹1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為4.65%;對(duì)照組患者出現(xiàn)惡心2例、腹脹1例、短期耳脹2例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為10.20%。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=1.005,P=0.316)。
目前,SOM被認(rèn)為是一種在感染、解剖結(jié)構(gòu)異常及免疫功能失調(diào)等諸多因素共同作用下引起的疾?。?-7],該病可認(rèn)為是一種免疫性疾病,而非單純的感染性疾病。糖皮質(zhì)激素治療此病的療效可靠,具有抗炎、抗水腫、減少分泌物滲出的作用[8]。糖皮質(zhì)激素類藥物是治療SOM的一線藥物[9]。既往研究表明,SOM患者耳積液中炎癥因子水平顯著升高,糖皮質(zhì)激素類藥物局部用藥治療可降低炎癥因子水平[10-11]。IL-6及TNF-α均可參與多條炎癥信號(hào)通路,是慢性炎癥啟動(dòng)和維持的關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞因子,這些促炎因子在炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)放大過(guò)程中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[12-13]。
圖1 兩組患者痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率曲線Fig 1 Curve of 1-year cumulative recurrence rate in 2 groups after cured
地塞米松具有抗炎、抗過(guò)敏作用,可減輕組織炎癥反應(yīng)的程度,抑制巨噬細(xì)胞和白細(xì)胞的積聚,抑制炎癥細(xì)胞及溶酶體酶的合成與釋放。此外,該藥還具有免疫抑制作用,可降低全身過(guò)敏反應(yīng),抑制免疫球蛋白與細(xì)胞表面受體的結(jié)合,抑制白細(xì)胞介素的合成與釋放,從而降低T淋巴細(xì)胞向淋巴母細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化,并減輕原發(fā)免疫反應(yīng)的進(jìn)展。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組患者總有效率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這說(shuō)明,電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)給藥的近期療效優(yōu)于鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)給藥。治療后,兩組患者TNF-α、IL-6水平均顯著低于同組治療前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;兩組患者治療前后CRP、IL-10水平比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這提示,有效的局部治療可降低炎癥因子水平,但對(duì)于SOM局部炎癥與全身性炎癥間的關(guān)系尚需進(jìn)一步研究。觀察組患者痊愈后1年累積復(fù)發(fā)率顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這提示,電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)給藥的遠(yuǎn)期療效優(yōu)于鼓膜穿刺鼓室內(nèi)給藥,這是否與觀察組患者炎癥因子水平的顯著降低有關(guān),尚需進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,電子鼻咽喉鏡輔助下經(jīng)咽鼓管內(nèi)注射地塞米松的療效顯著優(yōu)于鼓膜穿刺給藥,可降低復(fù)發(fā)率,且安全性較好。由于本研究納入的樣本量較小,故此結(jié)論有待大樣本、多中心研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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(編輯:陳宏)
Clinical Observation of Different Administration of Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Secretory Otitis Media
ZHANG Yuli,YIN Guiru,BI Jing,QI Zhiwei,ZHANG Shujun(Dept.of Otorhinolaryngology,the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College,Hebei Chengde 067000,China)
OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of different administration of dexamethasone in the treatment of secretory otitis media.METHODS:Data of 92 patients with secretory otitis media was retrospectively collected and divided into observation group(43 cases)and control group(49 cases)by different administration.Observation group received 5 mg Dexamethasone injection by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by video laryngoscope,once every 2 day.Control group received 5 mg Dexamethasone injection by injection in the eustachian tube,once every 2 day.7-day was regarded as 1 treatment course.1 more course for uncured patients,and no more than 4 courses.Clinical efficacy,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10 levels before and after treatment,and 1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed.RESULTS:The total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than control group,1-year cumulative recurrence rate after cured was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in TNF-α,CRP,IL-6 and IL-10 levels between 2 groups(P>0.05).After treatment,TNF-α and IL-6 level in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in CRP and IL-10 between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05).And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of dexamethasone by injection in the eustachian tube in the assisted by electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy is superior to auripuncture administration,it can reduce recurrence rate,with good safety.
Secretory otitis media;Dexamethasone;Auripuncture;Electron-nasopharyngolaryngoscopy
R764.2文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼A
1001-0408(2016)24-3345-03
10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2016.24.10
*副主任醫(yī)師,碩士。研究方向:耳科學(xué)。電話:0314-2279381。E-mail:zhangyuli1976@sina.com
主任醫(yī)師。研究方向:耳鼻咽喉科學(xué)。電話:0314-2279381。E-mail:ygr9995@sohu.com
2016-01-14
2016-06-27)