陳歡慶 胡永樂 冉啟全 閆林
摘 要:針對火山巖儲層非均質(zhì)性強烈、橫向變化大、有效預測和開發(fā)難度大等問題,以松遼盆地徐東地區(qū)營城組一段火山巖儲層為例,綜合巖芯、測井、地震和分析測試等多種資料,在火山巖體發(fā)育基本特征表征基礎(chǔ)上,從儲層精細劃分、巖相分類與儲層物性分析、有利開發(fā)區(qū)帶預測等方面,闡述了火山巖體追蹤識別在氣藏有效開發(fā)中的應(yīng)用情況。結(jié)果表明:松遼盆地徐東地區(qū)單個火山巖體平面上面積多在20 km2,平均厚度多在300 m;在火山巖儲層精細對比中,加入火山巖體的追蹤識別可以解決精細分層界限穿越火山巖體的“穿時”矛盾;火山巖體與火山巖相關(guān)系密切;靠近火山口的構(gòu)造高部位多為好儲層發(fā)育和有利的開發(fā)區(qū)域。
關(guān)鍵詞:火山巖;有利開發(fā)區(qū)帶;地層對比;儲層;巖相;營城組;徐東地區(qū);松遼盆地
中圖分類號:P618.130.2;TE122 文獻標志碼:A
Abstract: Volcanic reservoirs have the characteristics of strong anisotropism, large lateral variation, difficult effective prediction and exploitation. Taking the member 1 of Yingcheng Formation in Xudong area of Songliao Basin as an example, combined with the core, logging, seismic data and analytical test, the basic characteristics of volcanic bodies were described, and the application of tracing and identifying of volcanic bodies on the effective exploitation of gas reservoir was explained according to the detailed reservoir division, lithofacies classification and analysis of reservoir physical property, and prediction of favorable development area. The results show that the single volcanic body mainly extends to about 20 km2, and the average thickness is mostly about 300 m; tracing and identifying of volcanic bodies, which are added into detailed correlation of volcanic reservoir, can solve the contradiction that the time radiuses of volcanic edifices are longer than those of volcanic bodies, and the stratum boundary passes through the former but not the latter; the relationship between volcanic bodies and lithofacies can forecast the development rules of different kinds of volcanic lithofacies or sub-lithofacies and favorable development areas; the high position near volcanic vent mainly develops favorable reservoir, and is the favorable development area
Key words: volcanic rock; favorable development area; stratigraphic correlation; reservoir; lithofacies; Yingcheng Formation; Xudong area; Songliao Basin
0 引 言
隨著世界范圍內(nèi)碎屑巖、碳酸鹽巖油氣勘探開發(fā)形勢日益嚴峻,伴隨著社會經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展帶來的油氣消費量急劇增加,火山巖油氣藏勘探開發(fā)逐漸引起研究者的興趣,目前火山巖油氣藏在世界范圍內(nèi)已成為油氣勘探開發(fā)研究的熱點和難點[1-11]。Kawamoto等在利用巖石學方法建立非均質(zhì)性火山巖儲層模型的過程中,通過火山巖體追蹤識別,有效解決了利用井對比難以在一定范圍內(nèi)持續(xù)對比火山巖儲層結(jié)構(gòu)的難題[11]?;鹕綆r儲層由于受火山噴發(fā)作用控制,具有分布面積相對較小、橫向變化大等特點,有效預測和開發(fā)難度很大?;鹕綆r體與火山巖儲層發(fā)育特征之間關(guān)系密切,受火山口分布位置和火山噴發(fā)旋回的共同控制,在同一火山噴發(fā)時期形成眾多形態(tài)各異、規(guī)模不同的火山巖體。這些火山巖體相互疊置、彼此交錯,在不同部位發(fā)育不同火山巖相,進而構(gòu)成了儲集性能各異的儲層。本文通過追蹤識別不同火山機構(gòu)和火山巖體,明確火山巖相和儲層空間發(fā)育規(guī)律;同時,通過分析火山巖有效儲層與火山巖體的關(guān)系,實現(xiàn)火山巖儲層有利開發(fā)區(qū)帶的預測。
1 區(qū)域地質(zhì)概況
松遼盆地火山巖油氣資源豐富,盆地內(nèi)分布著徐深氣田、長嶺氣田等眾多火山巖氣田,本次研究區(qū)就位于徐深氣田[12-16]。徐東地區(qū)位于徐家圍子斷陷中部,目前已成為徐深氣田最重要的天然氣目標區(qū)之一,研究的目的層位為下白堊統(tǒng)營城組一段(圖1)[17]。本次研究將目的層自上而下劃分為YC1Ⅰ1、YC1Ⅰ2、YC1Ⅱ1、YC1Ⅱ2和YC1Ⅲ等5個小層。火山巖氣藏儲層地質(zhì)條件復雜,具有非均質(zhì)性強烈、橫向變化大、有效預測難等問題,因此,一直是制約氣田有效開發(fā)的瓶頸問題。本次研究在火山巖體追蹤識別和發(fā)育特征表征的基礎(chǔ)上,探討火山巖體追蹤識別在火山巖儲層精細劃分對比、火山巖相研究和儲層物性分析、火山巖有利開發(fā)區(qū)帶評價等方面的應(yīng)用,為火山巖氣藏有效開發(fā)提供地質(zhì)依據(jù)。