陳兆 陳驊偉 蔣沖 劉霖 沙策 瞿學(xué)遷
摘要:在綜合分析現(xiàn)有水平荷載作用下樁基分析方法的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了考慮樁側(cè)土體受力狀態(tài)的斜坡剛性樁力學(xué)模型;根據(jù)極限平衡原理,建立橫向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁彎矩和應(yīng)力平衡方程;引入考慮斜坡影響的py曲線方法,提出了綜合考慮樁側(cè)土體極限承載力與水平抗力系數(shù)沿深度呈線性增加的側(cè)向極限承載力與土體抗力承載力系數(shù)計(jì)算方法,同時(shí),將該方法應(yīng)用于計(jì)算實(shí)例,通過與已有有限元和理論計(jì)算方法對(duì)比分析,計(jì)算結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文方法的合理性與可行性;并利用該方法,分析了斜坡坡角、樁土接觸面系數(shù)以及地基水平抗力系數(shù)對(duì)斜坡剛性樁承載特性的影響因素。分析表明:斜坡的坡角、樁土接觸面系數(shù)對(duì)側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁的荷載位移曲線影響明顯,而樁側(cè)土的抗力系數(shù)對(duì)側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁的荷載位移曲線影響不明顯。
關(guān)鍵詞:斜坡;樁;水平荷載;黏土
中圖分類號(hào):TU476.4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1674-4764(2016)03-0047-06
Abstract:The current analysis method of pile foundation under horizontal load are analyzed comprehensively. First, mechanics model of rigid pile in slope considering pile lateral stress is established. Second, according to the principle of limit equilibrium, the bending moment and stress equilibrium equation of rigid pile in slope under lateral load are proposed. Then the pile lateral ultimate bearing capacity and horizontal resistance coefficient along the depth increasing linear are developed using py curve method. The proposed method is applied in the case study, and the results verified the rationality and feasibility of this method by comparative analysis with the existing finite element calculation methods. Finally, the method is used to perform a series of parametric analyses, such as angle of slope, pile soil contact surface coefficient and horizontal resistance coefficient, and some significant conclusions are drawn. The slope Angle, contact surface coefficient of pile and soil has significant impact on the load displacement curve of rigid pile, and the resistance coefficient of pile side soil impact load displacement curve of is not obvious under the action of the lateral load.
Keywords:sloping ground; pile; lateral load; clay
水平受荷樁廣泛應(yīng)用于高層建筑、橋梁、海岸碼頭、海洋采油平臺(tái)以及海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)等各種結(jié)構(gòu)工程中,學(xué)者們對(duì)此進(jìn)行了大量的研究。文獻(xiàn)[1-3]從理論上進(jìn)行了黏土中橫向荷載樁的py曲線分析,李衛(wèi)超等[4]通過砂土中兩組水平受荷剛樁試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,基于 API的 py 模型,對(duì)砂土中剛性短樁的 py模型案例進(jìn)行了研究, 劉紅軍等[5]對(duì)飽和粉土地基中進(jìn)行了單樁水平靜力和循環(huán)加載室內(nèi)模型試驗(yàn),劉嚴(yán)超等[6]開展了近海大直徑單樁基礎(chǔ)在水平荷載作用下的三維有限元數(shù)值分析;梁發(fā)云等[7]開展了水平和豎向荷載的樁基分析, 朱斌等[8]、王富強(qiáng)等[9]進(jìn)行了水平受荷樁的離心模型試驗(yàn)研究。國外對(duì)水平荷載樁的計(jì)算也進(jìn)行了大量的研究,提出了很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值分析方法, Brinch-Hansen[10]和Broms[11]的經(jīng)驗(yàn)方法,Matlock[12]和Reese[13]的荷載位移曲線法 及 Brown等[14]、Jeremic等[15]、 Georgiadis等[16]的彈性有限元法。Zhang等[17]研究了剛性樁在黏土中的承載特性,視樁基為彈性地基,樁周土體簡(jiǎn)化為系列獨(dú)立的彈簧,此方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)主要是能考慮樁土體系的非線性。綜合上述研究發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)有方法主要考慮平地上的水平受荷載樁的分析,很少有考慮斜坡上的水平荷載樁的分析,然而,工程實(shí)際中水平荷載樁也常常被埋入在斜坡地基上。因此,斜坡地基上水平荷載分析方法應(yīng)該反映斜坡的影響,這正是本文研究的目的。
為此,在綜合分析斜坡樁基水平受荷特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,引入極限平衡原理和py曲線方法,綜合考慮樁側(cè)土體極限承載力與水平抗力系數(shù)沿深度呈線性增加特性,建立考慮斜坡影響的黏土中剛性樁水平受荷非線性理論分析方法,以期使斜坡水平荷載樁非線性分析方法更趨合理。
1 模型建立
1.1 基本假設(shè)
如圖1所示,樁完全埋入在黏土中即完成埋入樁,H為樁頂水平荷載,L為樁長,D為樁徑。為了便于本文方法的建立,現(xiàn)作如下基本假設(shè):
1)樁為完全剛性,在荷載作用下,樁沿樁身某點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);
2)斜坡土體為粘性土,計(jì)算中不考慮排水;
3)假定土坡是穩(wěn)定的,計(jì)算中不考慮坡體破壞與失穩(wěn)。
1.2 受力分析
本文所研究的橫向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁在黏土中的受力情況,如圖2所示。
第1種情況是橫向荷載作用下樁基兩側(cè)土體抗力均未到達(dá)土的極限抗力pu,如圖2(a)所示,曲線ABC為樁側(cè)土壓力p,直線AD和直線AE為極限抗力pu;第2種情況如圖2(b)所示,在頂面下一定深度b,樁側(cè)土壓力p到達(dá)了土的極限抗力pu,然后,沿深度方向均未達(dá)到土的極限承載力pu。第3中情況是有可能在樁的地面處,樁側(cè)土壓力p到達(dá)了土的極限承載力pu。這里重點(diǎn)分析下第1和第2種情況,第3種情況另文討論。
2 參數(shù)確定
2.1 樁側(cè)土極限抗力pu
對(duì)于粘性土樁側(cè)極限土抗力已有很多學(xué)者進(jìn)行了大量的研究,提出了很多計(jì)算方法,本文的重點(diǎn)在于討論黏性土情況,因此,繼續(xù)引入傳統(tǒng)的py曲線思想,即荷載位移曲線法如圖3所示,p表示樁側(cè)土水平抗力,y表示樁側(cè)土水平位移,pu為土的極限抗力,Kh為樁側(cè)土的水平抗力系數(shù)。
5 結(jié) 論
根據(jù)水平荷載樁埋置在黏土斜坡上的工程特點(diǎn),引入極限平衡原理與py曲線方法,對(duì)黏土斜坡中剛性樁的受力與計(jì)算進(jìn)行深入研究,得到如下結(jié)論:
1)建立一種側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁在粘土中的非線性分析方法。該方法可以同時(shí)考慮樁側(cè)土體極限承載力與水平抗力系數(shù)沿深度呈線性增加。通過與已有3D有限元方法和理論計(jì)算方法對(duì)比分析,計(jì)算結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文方法的合理性與可行性。
2)參數(shù)分析表明,斜坡的坡角、樁土接觸面系數(shù)對(duì)側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁的荷載位移曲線影響明顯,而樁側(cè)土的抗力系數(shù)對(duì)側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁的荷載位移曲線影響不明顯。
3)本文僅考慮了黏土不排水條件下的斜坡頂處側(cè)向荷載作用下斜坡剛性樁的非線性分析,對(duì)于其他土體類型有待進(jìn)一步深入研究。
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(編輯 王秀玲)