張海英 林魁 張明方 張建國(guó) 張永兵

摘 要：該研究在西瓜全基因組測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步利用Solexa等新一代測(cè)序技術(shù)開(kāi)展了具有典型生態(tài)類型的西瓜代表性種質(zhì)資源的全基因組變異分析，完成了西瓜基因組序列精細(xì)圖譜構(gòu)建、全基因組的基因功能注釋和大規(guī)模SNP位點(diǎn)挖掘。以該實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建的西瓜97103 X PI296341-FR重組自交系群體，利用基于全基因組精細(xì)圖譜開(kāi)發(fā)的SSR、InDel和SV標(biāo)記，構(gòu)建了西瓜高密度SSR遺傳圖譜。利用西瓜高密度SSR遺傳圖譜和標(biāo)記scaffold定位結(jié)果，將234個(gè)scaffold錨定到染色體上，scaffold總長(zhǎng)度330.4Mb，覆蓋了西瓜組裝基因組大小的93.5%。對(duì)該實(shí)驗(yàn)室構(gòu)建的97103細(xì)菌人工染色體（BAC）文庫(kù)進(jìn)行末端測(cè)序，獲得了1664條長(zhǎng)度約為800bp的BAC末端序列，對(duì)物理染色體進(jìn)行FISH雜交分析，明確了人工染色體與物理染色體的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。利用高抗枯萎病3個(gè)生理小種的西瓜材料PI296341-FR，完成了枯萎病生理小種race1誘導(dǎo)的根系SSH文庫(kù)測(cè)序分析，獲得了1 756條unigene，構(gòu)建了枯萎病菌誘導(dǎo)的西瓜根系轉(zhuǎn)錄組表達(dá)圖譜等。利用全基因組測(cè)序構(gòu)建的西瓜全基因組精細(xì)圖譜，通過(guò)序列比對(duì)，對(duì)影響果實(shí)糖分積累重要基因、影響果肉顏色形成的重要基因、西瓜根系對(duì)枯萎病生理小種race1的抗性相關(guān)的12個(gè)基因進(jìn)行基因組精細(xì)定位，確定了這16基因在西瓜基因組上的精確位置，以及與之緊密連鎖的側(cè)翼標(biāo)記。建立了國(guó)際西瓜功能基因組學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)（International Watermelon Genome Initiative，IWGI）。

關(guān)鍵詞：西瓜 基因組 果實(shí) 品質(zhì) 基因

Abstract：Watermelon， Citrullus lanatus， is an important cucurbit crop grown throughout the world. Here we report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the east Asia watermelon cultivar 97103 （2n = 2× = 22） containing 23，440 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative genomics analysis provided an evolutionary scenario for the origin of the 11 11 11 11 watermelon chromosomes derived from a 7-chromosome paleohexaploid eudicot ancestor. Resequencing of 20 watermelon accessions representing three different C. lanatus subspecies produced numerous haplotypes and identified the extent of genetic diversity and population structure of watermelon germplasm. Genomic regions that were preferentially selected during domestication were identified. Many disease-resistance genes were also found to be lost during domestication. In addition， integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses yielded important insights into aspects of phloem-based vascular signaling in common between watermelon and cucumber and identified genes crucial to valuable fruit-quality traits， including sugar accumulation and citrulline metabolism.

Key Words：Watermelon；Genome；Fruit；Quality；Gene

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