楊華新

諺語短小精悍，言簡意賅。若考生能在書面表達(dá)中恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用一兩條諺語，文章必定出彩，檔次驟然上升。

筆者在常規(guī)的教學(xué)中，經(jīng)常利用課前幾分鐘來進(jìn)行諺語教學(xué)。

一、結(jié)合話題，聯(lián)想諺語

每復(fù)習(xí)到一個新的話題，筆者就讓學(xué)生回憶他們曾經(jīng)背誦或積累過的與該話題相關(guān)的一些名言警句，并且讓他們進(jìn)行“頭腦風(fēng)暴”（brainstorm），通過投影呈現(xiàn)出來，以便學(xué)生能在寫作中運(yùn)用上去。如：復(fù)習(xí)到Healthy Eating時，學(xué)生總結(jié)和整理出以下的諺語：

1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一蘋果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。

2. We are what we eat. 食物塑造了我們。

3. Eat at pleasure， drink with measure. 隨意吃飯，適度喝酒。

4. A light heart lives long. 心情愉快壽命長。

5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise. 早睡早起會使人健康、富有和睿智。

6. Health is above wealth. 健康勝于財富。

二、 圍繞諺語，展開話題

復(fù)習(xí)完一個話題后，筆者就有意識地布置一篇話題寫作作為課后作業(yè)，一方面鞏固本單元學(xué)過的重點(diǎn)詞匯、語法及句型，另一方面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生把相關(guān)諺語運(yùn)用于寫作的能力。其中，讓學(xué)生圍繞諺語進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，是筆者慣用的手段之一。如：

1. Helping others is helping ourselves. （助人就是幫己）

筆者班上有個學(xué)生擴(kuò)展如下：In the daily life， anyone is likely to get into trouble. If we dont give a helping hand to those in trouble， how can we expect to get assistance from others？ For this reason， its necessary to help others out if possible. Helping others is actually helping ourselves， just as the saying goes.

2. Rome was not built in a day. （冰凍三尺非一日之寒）

再看另一個學(xué)生的杰作：When it comes to learning English， its vital that we spend at least half an hour on it every day after class. More importantly， keep learning it however busy we are. However， it must be kept in mind that it takes a long time before we have a good command of English. Thus， never expect to make major progress in English in a short time. Rome was not built in a day， as a proverb goes.

三、書面表達(dá)，引用諺語

學(xué)生積累了諺語后，筆者要求他們學(xué)以致用，爭取在話題對應(yīng)的寫作中有所體現(xiàn)。如：

[例一]假定你是李華，你的朋友James寫信給你，向你請教如何提高漢語水平。你回信給他，要點(diǎn)如下：

1. 豐富中文詞匯量；

2. 養(yǎng)成閱讀的習(xí)慣；

3. 多關(guān)注中國文化。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)為100左右；

2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

結(jié)果顯示，不少學(xué)生在上述的作文不失時機(jī)地分別用上了以下的諺語：

1. Rome was not built in a day. 冰凍三尺非一日之寒。

2. More haste， less speed. / Haste makes waste. 欲速則不達(dá)。

3. All roads lead to Rome. 條條大道通羅馬。

4. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

[例二]假定你是李華，你的筆友Robin在物理測試中多次不及格，心情很沮喪，想放棄該科。得知這一情況后，你給他發(fā)了一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 鼓勵他不要放棄；

2. 建議他注重方法（如請教老師，與同學(xué)交流等）；

3. 預(yù)祝他取得進(jìn)步。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)為100左右；

2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

部分學(xué)生也巧妙地用上了以下的名言警句：

1. Take it easy. Its not the end of the world because failing to pass exams doesnt mean youre a failure. 不要緊。還沒到世界末日呢?？荚嚥患案癫淮碇闶鞘≌?。

2. Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。

3. Two heads are better than one. 三個臭皮匠，賽過諸葛亮。

4. Where there is a will， there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

5. Nothing is difficult to a willing heart. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。

此外，筆者還欣喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，部分學(xué)生積累了諺語后，不光能服務(wù)于寫作，還舉一反三，在原句的基礎(chǔ)上有創(chuàng)造性地進(jìn)行仿寫。如：

1. No pains， no gains. （不勞無獲）

2. No cross， no crown. （不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨，怎么見彩虹？）

有學(xué)生就創(chuàng)造性地寫了No sweat， no sweet. （先苦后甜）。

又如：Where there is a will， there is a way. （有志者，事竟成）

靈活的學(xué)生也進(jìn)行了“改造”，寫出Where theres dream， there is hope. （有夢想就有希望）和Where there is life， there is hope. （留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒）等句子。

以上是筆者在常規(guī)教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生在書面表達(dá)中運(yùn)用諺語來提升“書面表達(dá)”檔次的慣用手段。筆者相信：只要長期訓(xùn)練，堅持積累，必然會取得預(yù)期的效果。

同學(xué)們，你們平時有沒有積累英文名言警句呢？又能否把它們運(yùn)用于“書面表達(dá)”中呢？請完成以下的自我檢測練習(xí)。

【小試牛刀】

一、諺語搭配 把以下的中文諺語和英文諺語搭配起來。

1. 入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。

2. 時不我待。

3. 誠實(shí)為上策。

4. 時間就是金錢。

5. 不要以貌取人。

6. 活到老，學(xué)到老。

7. 細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗。

8. 好的開始是成功的一半。

9. 抱最好的希望，做最壞的打算。

10. 行動勝于語言。/ 事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

11. 事物都有兩面性。/ 凡事都有利弊。

12. 只學(xué)習(xí)，不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。

A. Never judge a book by its cover.

B. Actions speak louder than words.

C. Every coin has two sides. / Every advantage has its disadvantage.

D. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

E. Well begun is half done.

F. Details are the key to success.

G. Time is money.

H. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

I. Live and learn. / Never too old to learn.

J. When in Rome， do as the Romans do.

K. Time and tide wait for no man.

L. Honesty is the best policy.

二、選擇填空 請從上述所提供的英文諺語中選擇合適的諺語，并將其序號填入每個語段的橫線上。

1. Tom， our classmate， is a boy of few words who seldom communicates with us， so I used to take it for granted that he was unfriendly and indifferent. My attitude towards him didnt change until he donated all his pocket money to the children living in mountainous areas. From then on I draw a conclusion that“______________________________________”.

2. Yesterday is past. Today is present. Tomorrow is mystery. Time lost cannot be regained. Its no use complaining about what happened in the past. And we can never know what to expect in the next minutes. What we can do is make full use of time and try our best. Thats why we often say“______________________”.

3. As Senior Three students， we are as busy as bees， preparing for the coming entrance examination to college. However， we are supposed to combine study with relaxation. Only in this way can we keep ourselves energetic and meanwhile promote our study efficiency.“_____________________________”， as the saying goes.

4. Cultures and customs vary greatly from place to place. Due to cultural differences， sometimes what we consider right is not necessarily acceptable for others in other parts of the world. For this reason， its quite necessary for us to adapt ourselves to the local customs， especially for newcomers.“___________________

____________________________”，as the saying goes.

5. Online shopping is popular with many people， the young in particular. It enables us to save a great deal of time and trouble. In addition， the prices of goods and products are usually lower than those in real stores. However， we should be aware that “__________________________________”， as the saying goes. Online shopping also has its disadvantages. For instance， customers are cheated because what they receive sometimes are totally different from what theyve purchased previously online， or the products they buy are of poor quality.

三、擴(kuò)展諺語 仿照上題，圍繞著以下每個諺語適當(dāng)擴(kuò)展，可敘可議。

1. Live and learn.（活到老，學(xué)到老）

2. Look before you leap.（三思而后行）

3. Many hands make light work.（眾人拾柴火焰高）

4. A friend in need is a friend indeed.（患難見真情）

四、運(yùn)用諺語 完成以下的書面表達(dá)，并且適當(dāng)?shù)赜蒙现V語。

（2008全國卷II）假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter來信向你咨詢?nèi)绾尾拍軐W(xué)好中文。請你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫封回信。

1. 參加中文學(xué)習(xí)班。

2. 看中文書刊、電視。

3. 學(xué)唱中文歌曲。

4. 交中國朋友。

注意：

1. 詞數(shù)100左右。

2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。

3. 開頭語已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考答案：

三、 諺語搭配

1. J 2. K 3. L 4. G 5. A 6. I 7. F 8. E 9. H 10. B 11. C 12. D

二、選擇填空

1. A 2. H 3. D 4. J 5. C

三、擴(kuò)展諺語

1. Live and learn. （活到老，學(xué)到老）

Our lives are limited while knowledge is endless. With the rapid development of science and technology， knowledge is playing an increasingly important role in many fields. To keep up with the fast-changing world， its essential that we equip ourselves with the updated knowledge and get the hang of the latest information. In a word， live and learn， as the saying goes.

2. Look before you leap. （三思而后行）

From time to time， we hear people say“If only I hadnt done that.” or “How I wish I had been there yesterday.”Such words are filled with regret and disappointment. Its a pity that theres no “IF” in reality. What has been done cannot be undone. Similarly， its impossible to take back your words once you have said something wrong or silly. Consequently， never rush to a conclusion or do anything without consideration. Just as a proverb goes， look before you leap.

3. Many hands make light work. （眾人拾柴火焰高）

Yesterday， we gave our classroom a thorough cleaning. Some of us cleaned the blackboard， some mopped the floor， some washed the windows， while others cleared away the rubbish. It was not long before we finished cleaning. Its by means of teamwork that we completed our task in advance. Many hands make light work， just as a saying goes.

4. A friend in need is a friend indeed. （患難見真情）

You may have a number of friends who walk into your life. Some friends celebrate your success or taste your victory. Some keep your company when you are a success. But are they real friends？ No necessarily！A real friend is someone who shares joys and sorrows with you. A real friend is someone who stands by you from beginning to end， especially in time of trouble. As the proverb goes， a friend in need is a friend indeed.

四、運(yùn)用諺語

Dear Peter，

Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions. First， it is important to take a Chinese course， as youll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then， it also helps to watch TV and read books， newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.

Besides， it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs. You can also make more Chinese friends， who will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Anyway， keep practicing， for“Practice makes perfect”/“All roads lead to Rome”， as the saying goes.

Try and write to me in Chinese next time.

Best wishes.

Li Hua

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青