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新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)(下)重點(diǎn)詞語辨析

2016-05-14 23:10張祖平
關(guān)鍵詞:窮孩子湯姆形容

張祖平

1. used to do和be used to doing

used to do意為“過去做某事”,后面接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:

He used to like junk food. 他過去喜歡吃垃圾食品。

be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”,后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。例如:

He is used to getting up early. 他習(xí)慣于早起。

2. die, dead和death

die是動(dòng)詞,其過去式為died,現(xiàn)在分詞為dying,可作形容詞,意為“垂死的”。例如:

The old man died after a long illness. 那個(gè)老人病了很久之后死了。

Im afraid we couldnt save the dying dog. 恐怕我們不能救那條快要死了的狗。

dead為形容詞,意為“死掉的”,其反義詞為alive。例如:

We dont know whether he is alive or dead. 我們不知道他是死是活。

The dog has been dead for two hours. 那條狗死了已經(jīng)兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

death是名詞,意為“死亡”,其反義詞為birth。例如:

The dogs death made us very sad. 狗的死亡使我們很難過。

3. interest, interested和interesting

interest可作名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)為interests。例如:

He has an interest in math. 他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)有興趣。

interest還可作動(dòng)詞,意為“吸引人”。例如:

The movie didnt interest me at all. 電影一點(diǎn)都沒吸引我。

interested常用來形容人,interesting常用來形容物。例如:

We are very interested in the interesting movie. 我們對(duì)這部有趣的電影很感興趣。

4. pass和past

pass為動(dòng)詞,意為“通過;經(jīng)過;傳遞”。例如:

Youll pass a bank on the way to the bus station. 在你去公交站的路上,你會(huì)經(jīng)過一家銀行。

He didnt pass the exam. 他沒有通過考試。

He passed the ball to Tom. 他把球傳遞給了湯姆。

Six years have passed since I moved to Beijing. 我搬到北京,已經(jīng)六年了。

past是介詞,意為“經(jīng)過;超過”。例如:

Three boys went past us on bikes. 三個(gè)男生騎車從我們身邊經(jīng)過。

He got up at half past six this morning. 今天早上他六點(diǎn)半起床。

5. borrow和lend

borrow為動(dòng)詞,意為“借進(jìn)來”。例如:

I borrowed a book from him yesterday. 昨天,我向他借了一本書。

lend為動(dòng)詞,意為“借出去”。例如:

He lent a book to me yesterday. 昨天,他借給我一本書。

6. excite, excitement, excited和exciting

excite是動(dòng)詞,意為“令人激動(dòng)”。例如:

The good news didnt excite him at all. 好消息并沒有令他激動(dòng)萬分。

excitement為名詞,意為“激動(dòng)”。例如:

The news caused great excitement among her friends. 這個(gè)消息令她的朋友們激動(dòng)萬分。

excited為形容詞,常用來形容人。例如:

He was very excited to see his old friends. 他看到老朋友很激動(dòng)。

exciting為形容詞,常用來形容物。例如:

We had an exciting game yesterday. 我們昨天舉行了一場激動(dòng)人心的比賽。

7. smile和laugh

smile可作名詞和動(dòng)詞,意為“微笑”。例如:

She had a big smile on her face. 她臉上掛著燦爛的笑容。

She smiled to us and went away. 她朝我們笑了笑,然后走開了。

laugh為動(dòng)詞,其名詞為laughter,意為“放聲大笑”。例如:

Laughter is the best medicine. 笑是最好的藥。

laugh at意為“嘲笑”。例如:

We shouldnt laugh at others. 我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑別人。

8. succeed, success, successful和successfully

succeed是動(dòng)詞,意為“成功”,其過去式是succeeded。例如:

He succeeded in building the house himself. 他以一人之力成功地造了這個(gè)房子。

success為名詞,意為“成功”。例如:

The dinner party was a great success. 這次晚宴非常成功。

successful為形容詞,意為“成功的”。例如:

He is a successful man. 他是一個(gè)成功的男人。

successfully為副詞,意為“成功地”。例如:

He passed the exam successfully. 他成功地通過了考試。

9. danger, dangerous和endangered

danger是名詞,意為“危險(xiǎn)的事”,常見詞組為in danger。例如:

The old bridge is in danger. 老橋處于危險(xiǎn)之中(要塌了)。

dangerous為形容詞,意為“危險(xiǎn)的”。例如:

That kind of snakes are very dangerous. 那種蛇很危險(xiǎn)。

endangered為形容詞,意為“瀕危的,處于危險(xiǎn)的”。例如:

We should protect the endangered animals. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。

10. between和among

between意為“兩者之間”,常用between... and結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:

Do you know the differences between American English and British English? 你知道美式英語和英式英語之間的不同點(diǎn)嗎?

among為介詞,意為“……之間”,常指三者或三者以上。例如:

There is a red house among the trees. 樹林之中有間紅房子。

11. be full of和be filled with

兩者都是“充滿”的意思,不過be filled with側(cè)重于動(dòng)作和裝的東西,而be full of側(cè)重于狀態(tài)。例如:

The library is full of books. 圖書館里滿是書。

The box is filled with books. 箱子里充滿了書。

12. most和mostly

most為形容詞,意為“大部分的”。例如:

Most students hope to have their own cellphones. 大部分學(xué)生都希望有自己的手機(jī)。

mostly為副詞,意為“大部分地”。例如:

Were mostly out on Sundays. 我們周日大部分都外出了。

13. notice和realize

notice意為“注意”,往往指眼睛看到。例如:

He didnt notice the change of Toms haircut. 他沒有注意到湯姆的發(fā)型變化。

realize意為“意識(shí)到”,往往指認(rèn)清一種形勢。例如:

Suddenly I realized I was lost. 突然,我意識(shí)到自己迷路了。

14. true, truth和truthful

true為形容詞,意為“正確的,真實(shí)的”。例如:

The movie is based on a true story. 電影基于一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。

truth為名詞,意為“真相”。例如:

Do you think shes telling the truth? 你認(rèn)為她在講真話嗎?

truthful為形容詞,意為“誠實(shí)的,真誠的”。例如:

I think that is a truthful answer. 我認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的答案。

15. raise和rise

raise為動(dòng)詞,意為“籌集”。例如:

The volunteers work hard to raise money for poor kids. 志愿者努力工作,籌錢幫助窮孩子。

rise為動(dòng)詞,意為“上升”。例如:

Smoke rose from the fire. 煙從火中起。

16. allow和let

兩者都含有“讓;允許”的意思,但allow的結(jié)構(gòu)是allow somebody to do something。

His parents wont allow him to stay out late. 他的父母不允許他在外面待得很晚。

allow還常常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。例如:

You are not allowed to bring your cellphones to school. 不允許你們帶手機(jī)來學(xué)校。

let的結(jié)構(gòu)是let somebody do something。例如:

Let me have a look at your new car. 讓我看一下你的新車。

17. elder和older

elder指同一個(gè)家庭中年齡較大的一位。例如:

My elder brother bought a new car lat week. 我的長兄上周買了輛新車。

older是old的比較級(jí),意為“比……年齡大”。例如:

Tom is older than Bob. 湯姆比鮑勃年長。

18. beat和win

beat是動(dòng)詞,意為“打擊;打敗”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:beat someone。例如:

He beat me at chess yesterday. 昨天他下國際象棋贏了我。

Tom was beaten by his father because he didnt pass the exam. 湯姆被爸爸打了一頓,因?yàn)樗荚嚊]通過。

win是動(dòng)詞,意為“贏得;獲勝”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:win something or someone。例如:

He won the first prize in the running race. 他在跑步比賽中贏了一等獎(jiǎng)。

19. surprise和surprised

surprise可作名詞,常見詞組為in surprise, to ones surprise。例如:

He looked at me in surprise. 他驚訝地看著我。

To our surprise, he has four cars at home. 令我們驚訝的是,他家里有四輛車。

surprise也可作動(dòng)詞,意為“令人驚訝”。例如:

His good grades didnt surprise us at all. 他的好成績一點(diǎn)也沒讓我們驚訝。

surprised意為“驚訝的”,常形容人;而surprising意為“令人驚訝的”,常形容物。例如:

I am surprised at the surprising news. 我對(duì)這個(gè)意外的消息感到驚訝。

20. offer和provide

兩者都有“提供”的意思。offer常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:offer something to somebody和offer somebody something。例如:

They decided to offer the job to Tom. = They decided to offer Tom the job. 他們決定將工作提供給湯姆。

provide常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:provide something for somebody和provide somebody with something。例如:

That kind man always provides free food for the poor kids. 那個(gè)善良的男人總是把免費(fèi)食物提供給窮孩子。

Farmers provide us with rice. 農(nóng)民為我們提供糧食。

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