張祖平
1. used to do和be used to doing
used to do意為“過去做某事”,后面接動(dòng)詞原形。例如:
He used to like junk food. 他過去喜歡吃垃圾食品。
be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣于做某事”,后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。例如:
He is used to getting up early. 他習(xí)慣于早起。
2. die, dead和death
die是動(dòng)詞,其過去式為died,現(xiàn)在分詞為dying,可作形容詞,意為“垂死的”。例如:
The old man died after a long illness. 那個(gè)老人病了很久之后死了。
Im afraid we couldnt save the dying dog. 恐怕我們不能救那條快要死了的狗。
dead為形容詞,意為“死掉的”,其反義詞為alive。例如:
We dont know whether he is alive or dead. 我們不知道他是死是活。
The dog has been dead for two hours. 那條狗死了已經(jīng)兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
death是名詞,意為“死亡”,其反義詞為birth。例如:
The dogs death made us very sad. 狗的死亡使我們很難過。
3. interest, interested和interesting
interest可作名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)為interests。例如:
He has an interest in math. 他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)有興趣。
interest還可作動(dòng)詞,意為“吸引人”。例如:
The movie didnt interest me at all. 電影一點(diǎn)都沒吸引我。
interested常用來形容人,interesting常用來形容物。例如:
We are very interested in the interesting movie. 我們對(duì)這部有趣的電影很感興趣。
4. pass和past
pass為動(dòng)詞,意為“通過;經(jīng)過;傳遞”。例如:
Youll pass a bank on the way to the bus station. 在你去公交站的路上,你會(huì)經(jīng)過一家銀行。
He didnt pass the exam. 他沒有通過考試。
He passed the ball to Tom. 他把球傳遞給了湯姆。
Six years have passed since I moved to Beijing. 我搬到北京,已經(jīng)六年了。
past是介詞,意為“經(jīng)過;超過”。例如:
Three boys went past us on bikes. 三個(gè)男生騎車從我們身邊經(jīng)過。
He got up at half past six this morning. 今天早上他六點(diǎn)半起床。
5. borrow和lend
borrow為動(dòng)詞,意為“借進(jìn)來”。例如:
I borrowed a book from him yesterday. 昨天,我向他借了一本書。
lend為動(dòng)詞,意為“借出去”。例如:
He lent a book to me yesterday. 昨天,他借給我一本書。
6. excite, excitement, excited和exciting
excite是動(dòng)詞,意為“令人激動(dòng)”。例如:
The good news didnt excite him at all. 好消息并沒有令他激動(dòng)萬分。
excitement為名詞,意為“激動(dòng)”。例如:
The news caused great excitement among her friends. 這個(gè)消息令她的朋友們激動(dòng)萬分。
excited為形容詞,常用來形容人。例如:
He was very excited to see his old friends. 他看到老朋友很激動(dòng)。
exciting為形容詞,常用來形容物。例如:
We had an exciting game yesterday. 我們昨天舉行了一場激動(dòng)人心的比賽。
7. smile和laugh
smile可作名詞和動(dòng)詞,意為“微笑”。例如:
She had a big smile on her face. 她臉上掛著燦爛的笑容。
She smiled to us and went away. 她朝我們笑了笑,然后走開了。
laugh為動(dòng)詞,其名詞為laughter,意為“放聲大笑”。例如:
Laughter is the best medicine. 笑是最好的藥。
laugh at意為“嘲笑”。例如:
We shouldnt laugh at others. 我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑別人。
8. succeed, success, successful和successfully
succeed是動(dòng)詞,意為“成功”,其過去式是succeeded。例如:
He succeeded in building the house himself. 他以一人之力成功地造了這個(gè)房子。
success為名詞,意為“成功”。例如:
The dinner party was a great success. 這次晚宴非常成功。
successful為形容詞,意為“成功的”。例如:
He is a successful man. 他是一個(gè)成功的男人。
successfully為副詞,意為“成功地”。例如:
He passed the exam successfully. 他成功地通過了考試。
9. danger, dangerous和endangered
danger是名詞,意為“危險(xiǎn)的事”,常見詞組為in danger。例如:
The old bridge is in danger. 老橋處于危險(xiǎn)之中(要塌了)。
dangerous為形容詞,意為“危險(xiǎn)的”。例如:
That kind of snakes are very dangerous. 那種蛇很危險(xiǎn)。
endangered為形容詞,意為“瀕危的,處于危險(xiǎn)的”。例如:
We should protect the endangered animals. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物。
10. between和among
between意為“兩者之間”,常用between... and結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Do you know the differences between American English and British English? 你知道美式英語和英式英語之間的不同點(diǎn)嗎?
among為介詞,意為“……之間”,常指三者或三者以上。例如:
There is a red house among the trees. 樹林之中有間紅房子。
11. be full of和be filled with
兩者都是“充滿”的意思,不過be filled with側(cè)重于動(dòng)作和裝的東西,而be full of側(cè)重于狀態(tài)。例如:
The library is full of books. 圖書館里滿是書。
The box is filled with books. 箱子里充滿了書。
12. most和mostly
most為形容詞,意為“大部分的”。例如:
Most students hope to have their own cellphones. 大部分學(xué)生都希望有自己的手機(jī)。
mostly為副詞,意為“大部分地”。例如:
Were mostly out on Sundays. 我們周日大部分都外出了。
13. notice和realize
notice意為“注意”,往往指眼睛看到。例如:
He didnt notice the change of Toms haircut. 他沒有注意到湯姆的發(fā)型變化。
realize意為“意識(shí)到”,往往指認(rèn)清一種形勢。例如:
Suddenly I realized I was lost. 突然,我意識(shí)到自己迷路了。
14. true, truth和truthful
true為形容詞,意為“正確的,真實(shí)的”。例如:
The movie is based on a true story. 電影基于一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事。
truth為名詞,意為“真相”。例如:
Do you think shes telling the truth? 你認(rèn)為她在講真話嗎?
truthful為形容詞,意為“誠實(shí)的,真誠的”。例如:
I think that is a truthful answer. 我認(rèn)為那是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的答案。
15. raise和rise
raise為動(dòng)詞,意為“籌集”。例如:
The volunteers work hard to raise money for poor kids. 志愿者努力工作,籌錢幫助窮孩子。
rise為動(dòng)詞,意為“上升”。例如:
Smoke rose from the fire. 煙從火中起。
16. allow和let
兩者都含有“讓;允許”的意思,但allow的結(jié)構(gòu)是allow somebody to do something。
His parents wont allow him to stay out late. 他的父母不允許他在外面待得很晚。
allow還常常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中。例如:
You are not allowed to bring your cellphones to school. 不允許你們帶手機(jī)來學(xué)校。
let的結(jié)構(gòu)是let somebody do something。例如:
Let me have a look at your new car. 讓我看一下你的新車。
17. elder和older
elder指同一個(gè)家庭中年齡較大的一位。例如:
My elder brother bought a new car lat week. 我的長兄上周買了輛新車。
older是old的比較級(jí),意為“比……年齡大”。例如:
Tom is older than Bob. 湯姆比鮑勃年長。
18. beat和win
beat是動(dòng)詞,意為“打擊;打敗”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:beat someone。例如:
He beat me at chess yesterday. 昨天他下國際象棋贏了我。
Tom was beaten by his father because he didnt pass the exam. 湯姆被爸爸打了一頓,因?yàn)樗荚嚊]通過。
win是動(dòng)詞,意為“贏得;獲勝”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為:win something or someone。例如:
He won the first prize in the running race. 他在跑步比賽中贏了一等獎(jiǎng)。
19. surprise和surprised
surprise可作名詞,常見詞組為in surprise, to ones surprise。例如:
He looked at me in surprise. 他驚訝地看著我。
To our surprise, he has four cars at home. 令我們驚訝的是,他家里有四輛車。
surprise也可作動(dòng)詞,意為“令人驚訝”。例如:
His good grades didnt surprise us at all. 他的好成績一點(diǎn)也沒讓我們驚訝。
surprised意為“驚訝的”,常形容人;而surprising意為“令人驚訝的”,常形容物。例如:
I am surprised at the surprising news. 我對(duì)這個(gè)意外的消息感到驚訝。
20. offer和provide
兩者都有“提供”的意思。offer常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:offer something to somebody和offer somebody something。例如:
They decided to offer the job to Tom. = They decided to offer Tom the job. 他們決定將工作提供給湯姆。
provide常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:provide something for somebody和provide somebody with something。例如:
That kind man always provides free food for the poor kids. 那個(gè)善良的男人總是把免費(fèi)食物提供給窮孩子。
Farmers provide us with rice. 農(nóng)民為我們提供糧食。