工程設(shè)計(jì)：漢斯·普法芬/普法芬工程設(shè)計(jì)公司Engineers:Hans Pfaffen/Pfaffen Engineering

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三懸索橋

Three Suspended Bridges

工程設(shè)計(jì)：漢斯·普法芬/普法芬工程設(shè)計(jì)公司Engineers:Hans Pfaffen/Pfaffen Engineering

特里夫特橋，加德門，瑞士Trift Bridge,Gadmen,Switzerland,2009

1-3　特里夫特橋?qū)嵕?Trift bridge

特里夫特湖上的這座橋取代了2005年修建的100m懸索橋。之前這座橋的位置是不安全的——由于游人增加導(dǎo)致入口交通不便，而且風(fēng)速可高達(dá)200km/h。新橋的選址更安全，跨度為170m，距水面高度100m。6條32mm的懸索拉起橋身：兩側(cè)各有兩條從橋面下穿過(guò)，另各有一條作為扶手。兩條跨下懸索為結(jié)構(gòu)提供預(yù)應(yīng)力，保證了在側(cè)向風(fēng)荷載下的穩(wěn)定性；橋長(zhǎng)1/3處的兩個(gè)U形纜將懸索拉緊，提供了更好的穩(wěn)定性。橋在底部寬0.80m，扶手處為1.40m。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工用6周即告完成。 （尚晉 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

跨距/Span:170m

寬度/Width:0.8m(橋面/at bottom),1.4m(欄桿/at hand rail)高度/Height:100m

攝影/Photographer:Robert B?sch(fig.1,2,4),Hans Pfaffen(fig.3)

圖片版權(quán)/Photo Courtesy:KWO(fig.1,2,4)

The bridge above the Trift Lake replaces an earlier 100m long catenary suspension bridge constructed in 2005,whose location resulted unsafe because of the difficult access to the entry points for the increasing number of visitors,and for wind speeds,reaching 200km/h.The new one is located in a safer position,and it spans 170m at a height of 100m.Six 32mm suspension cables bear the bridge:two for each side are running below the deck and one for each side as a handrail.Two under-spanned suspension cables pre-stress the structure and assure stabilisation for lateral wind loads; additional stabilisation is provided by two U-shaped profiles positioned at one third of the length,tightening up the suspension cables.The bridge width is 0.80m at bottom,1.40m at hand rail.On site construction was carried out in 6 weeks.

4　特里夫特橋全景/Panoramic view,Trift bridge

蒙特·卡拉索橋，瑞士Monte Carasso Bridge,Switzerland,2014

在瑞士的蒙特卡拉索，漢斯·普法芬以類似特里夫特橋的結(jié)構(gòu)形式設(shè)計(jì)了一座跨度270m的新橋，作為塞門蒂納和蒙特卡拉索社區(qū)之間崎嶇山谷中的通路。28位工人在這里僅用了5周的時(shí)間建成了這座橋，期間直升機(jī)幫助施工隊(duì)在山谷間裝好了6條承重鋼纜，每條都有36mm厚。 （尚晉 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

跨距/Span:270m

攝影/Photos:Hans Pfaffen

A similar structural model has been designed for a new bridge in Monte Carasso,Switzerland,spanning the length of 270m in order to allow the passage of the rugged valley that separates the communities of Sementina and Monte Carasso,Here a team of 28 workers over a period of five weeks built the bridge with assistance from helicopters,which helped the construction team lay six loadbearing steel cables across the valley,each 36mm thick.

1　蒙特·卡拉索橋?qū)嵕?Monte Carasso bridge

2　霧中的蒙特·卡拉索橋/Monte Carasso bridge in the mist

3　蒙特·卡拉索橋平面/Plan,Monte Carasso bridge

蓋爾利橋，德國(guó)Geierley Bridge,Germany,2015

1　蓋爾利橋全景/Panoramic view,Geierley bridge

默斯多夫附近蓋爾利峽谷上的懸索橋長(zhǎng)360m，是德國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的懸索橋。

橋身由橋面層的4條主承重纜支撐，同時(shí)連接著U形框架的基座。另有兩條兼作扶手的上部承重纜，與框架的頂層相連。上部承重纜是直徑34mm的螺旋股絞索，間隔1.44m，通長(zhǎng)363m。

拉力與支撐的反作用力由索環(huán)巖石錨點(diǎn)和固定鋼桿抵消。混凝土基礎(chǔ)將承受所有6條主承重纜的荷載。

橋面鋪木板，使周圍的空氣能夠流通。這些木板由間隔1.5m的輕鋼十字梁支撐，每7.5m還有一個(gè)U形架支撐木板以及兩條扶索，并與抗風(fēng)支撐相連。這些架子能加強(qiáng)橋身抗扭的剛性。

橋兩側(cè)的拋物線纜體系提供抗風(fēng)，其設(shè)計(jì)和位置能使橋身抵御水平和垂直方向的力及荷載。（尚晉 譯）

The suspension bridge over the Geierley Canyon,near M?rsdorf,measures 360m in length,and it is the longest rope bridge in Germany.

The bridge is supported by four main bearing cables which run at deck level and to which the base of the U-shaped frames are connected,and two upper bearing cables,which connect to the top of the frames and also serve as handrails.The upper bearing cables are 34mm diameter spiral strand ropes which are positioned 1.44m apart and are each 363m long.

The tensile forces and support reactions are resisted by rock anchors made of rope loops and steel anchor bars.The concrete foundation must take the loads of all six main bearing cables.

The deck is formed of wooden planks which are mounted to enable the air to circulate around each one.These planks are supported by a light steel cross girders at 1.5m intervals,and every 7.5m a U-shaped frame supports the planks as well as the two handrail ropes,and connects to the windbracing system too.These frames contribute to the torsional stiffness of the bridge.

A system of parabolic ropes on each side of the bridge offers resistance to wind forces; they are designed and positioned to enable them to withstand horizontal forces and loads as well as vertical ones.

2　橋上的行人/Pedestrian on the bridge

3　近景/Close view

4　構(gòu)造節(jié)點(diǎn)透視圖/Perspective of structural node

Comments

FANG Musheng:When I was young,I used to be amazed at the ability of spatial construction of spiders,and spent a lot of time seeing how they weaved.It is a pity that I missed how a spider began with the first few of silk.The bridges remind me of that beautiful and firm webs woven by spiders in the forest.With a function similar to the spider web for skywalk and prey hunting,this bridge offers the visitors a convenient and fast access and an opportunity of capturing beautiful scenery.The three similar bridges impressed me with its dual experience in "lightness" from the perspective of sense and nature invasive,while giving disposal and balance to directional gravity of the earth and non-direction power of the wind.GAO Yan:the design of the three suspended bridges fully reflects the Swiss precision.Hovering over the sky,the three suspension bridges span across inaccessible valleys.Walking on them feels like mounting the clouds and riding the mist.Such magnificent experience arises from the architects' precise control of the catenary geometry from the conceptual design to the prefabrication and construction,as well as the efficient integration of the bridge deck structure.The biggest challenge is in fact the construction on site,for which the assembly processes must be taken into consideration during the early design stage,beyond the use of the rocks as the concrete foundations on the two ends.Since the site is inaccessible to any large-scale

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

承建商/Contractor:Crestageo

鋼纜供應(yīng)商/Cable Supplier:Fatzer長(zhǎng)度/Length:360m

寬度/Width:0.85m

造價(jià)/Cost:US$1,300,000

攝影/Photos:Hans Pfaffen

評(píng)論

房木生：小時(shí)候驚訝于蜘蛛的空中建構(gòu)能力，并曾花時(shí)間靜靜觀察蜘蛛的結(jié)網(wǎng)過(guò)程，可惜沒(méi)看到它們的前幾根線是如何開(kāi)始的。這三座橋的出現(xiàn)，讓我想起樹(shù)林里美麗而結(jié)實(shí)的蜘蛛網(wǎng)。與蜘蛛網(wǎng)方便了蜘蛛的空中漫步和捕捉獵物的功能相類似，這三座橋的設(shè)計(jì)建造提供了為人們獲得交通的便捷和捕捉空中壯美風(fēng)景的機(jī)會(huì)。在來(lái)自地球吸引的定向與風(fēng)的不定向力量都獲得了處理和平衡的基礎(chǔ)上，獲得人們感官上的“輕”和對(duì)自然侵入的“輕”之雙豐收，這是三座相似的橋給我的最大印象。

高巖：瑞士人的精準(zhǔn)在這3座懸索橋的設(shè)計(jì)中顯露無(wú)疑。3座橋，都是凌空出世，跨越在看似不可能的山間野外，行走其上，仿佛騰云駕霧。這種神奇的跨越體驗(yàn)，得益于建筑師對(duì)于懸索橋幾何形態(tài)的充分把握，即懸垂曲線的結(jié)構(gòu)纜索的精準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)與建造，以及和橋面行走部分結(jié)構(gòu)的空間受力行為的有效結(jié)合。這3座橋最大的挑戰(zhàn)是如何建造。除了要充分利用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)兩側(cè)崖壁的巖石，結(jié)合混凝土形成堅(jiān)固可靠的基礎(chǔ)外，必須在設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中充分考慮施工的過(guò)程。在無(wú)法使用大型吊裝設(shè)備的前提下，直升飛機(jī)的起重和穩(wěn)定能力，以及人員高空作業(yè)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與局限，都會(huì)導(dǎo)致設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)造和材料的最終抉擇。不過(guò)，一般懸索結(jié)構(gòu)的橋的耐久性都是問(wèn)題，對(duì)于這3座橋的時(shí)效，我們拭目以待。無(wú)論如何，3座橋鬼斧神工般的技藝，足以令人嘆為觀止。

cranes,helicopters becomes the major means for lifting materials during the construction,hence its lifting capacity and stability,as well as the risks of human labors working at height,all contribute to the final choice of materials and structures in the design stage.Although suspension bridges often suffer from short life span and we are curious to know how long these three bridges can remain robust,yet the extremely skillful craftsmanship has won the best respect.