Somsri Wiwanitkit， Viroj Wiwanitkit

1Wiwanitkit House， Bangkhae， Bangkok， Thailand

2Faculty of Medicine， University of Nis， Serbia

3Hainan Medical University， Haikou， Hainan， China

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Estimated number of local transmission cases of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil to France

Somsri Wiwanitkit1?， Viroj Wiwanitkit2，3

1Wiwanitkit House， Bangkhae， Bangkok， Thailand

2Faculty of Medicine， University of Nis， Serbia

3Hainan Medical University， Haikou， Hainan， China

ARTICLE INFO

Article history:

Zika virus Infection Importation Transmission

The Zika virus infection becomes the present public health threat and the control of this disease needs international collaboration. An important problem is the international travel that promotes the importation of Zika virus disease to the new setting. The local transmission of the imported infection is the big problem. Based on the available data on published articles， in this letter， the authors estimated the number of local transmission cases， by both mosquito borne and sexually transmitted modes， of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil to France.

Document heading doi: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.032

Dear editor，

The Zika virus infection becomes the present public health threat and the control of this disease needs international collaboration. An important problem is the international travel that promotes the importation of Zika virus disease to the new setting［1］. The local transmission of the imported infection is the big problem. The situation of emerging imported Zika virus infection in Europe is the good example［2］. Of several European countries， France is the country with the highest expected imported cases［2］ and there have already been imported cases since 2015［3］. Based on the available data on published articles for the situation in 2015［2，4，5］， in this letter，the authors estimated the number of local transmission cases， by both mosquito borne and sexually transmitted modes， of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil to France.

To calculate the estimated number， the authors used the data available from published article by Massad et al.［2］， the report by Nah et al.［4］ and the report by Gao et al.［5］ as basic templates for further manipulation. In this work， the estimated number of local transmission cases of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil to France is equal to ‘expected number of local transmission of imported case by mosquito borne mode + expected number of local transmission of imported case by sexually transmitted mode'.

Based on this study， the calculated cases of local transmission of Zika virus infection imported from Brazil to France are between 37 and 129 cases； between 33 and 117 cases and between 3 and 12 cases for local transmission by mosquito borne mode and sexually transmitted mode， respectively.

Based on this study， it can be seen that the Zika virus mightalready settled and locally transmitted in France. The reason for no observation might be the fact that most cases of Zika virus infection have mild or asymptomatic clinical presentation［6］.

Conflict of interest statement

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

［1］ Galindo-Fraga A， Ochoa-Hein E， Sifuentes-Osornio J， Ruiz-Palacios G. Zika virus: a new epidemic on our doorstep. Rev Invest Clin 2015； 67（6）: 329-332.

［2］ Massad E， Tan SH， Khan K， Wilder-Smith A. Estimated Zika virus importations to Europe by travellers from Brazil. Glob Health Action 2016； 9. doi: 10.3402/gha.v9.31669.

［3］ Maria AT， Maquart M， Makinson A， Flusin O， Segondy M， Leparc-Goffart I， et al. Zika virus infections in three travellers returning from South America and the Caribbean respectively， to Montpellier， France，December 2015 to January 2016. Euro Surveill 2016； 21（6）. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.

［4］ Nah K， Mizumoto K， Miyamatsu Y， Yasuda Y， Kinoshita R， Nishiura H. Estimating risks of importation and local transmission of Zika virus infection. PeerJ 2016； 4: e1904. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1904.

［5］ Gao D， Lou Y， He D， Porco TC， Kuang Y， Chowell G， et al. Prevention and control of Zika as a mosquito-borne and sexually transmitted disease: a mathematical modeling analysis. Sci Rep 2016； 6: 28070. doi: 10.1038/ srep28070.

［6］ Wiwanitkit S， Wiwanitkit V. Afebrile， asymptomatic and nonthrombocytopenic Zika virus infection: Don't miss it！ Asian Pac J Trop Med 2016； 9（5）: 513.

8 May 2016

First and?

Somsri Wiwanitkit， Wiwanitkit House， Bangkhae，Bangkok Thailand.

Email: somsriwiwan@hotmail.com

Received in revised form 10 June 2016 Accepted 13 July 2016

Available online 20 Octorber 2016