1. experience n. 經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)；感受；遭受

vt. 經(jīng)歷；通過親身經(jīng)歷認(rèn)識(shí)到；體驗(yàn)到

（1） vt. 經(jīng)歷；體驗(yàn)，后面常接名詞或代詞作賓語。

Have you ever experienced real hunger？

你體驗(yàn)過真正的饑餓嗎？

Our country has experienced great changes in the past ten years.

在過去的十年里，我們的國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。

（2） n. 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)歷的事（可數(shù)）

a common experience 共同的經(jīng)歷

childhood experience 兒時(shí)的經(jīng)歷

I have an unusual experience.

我有一段不尋常的經(jīng)歷。

experience用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)；體驗(yàn)”，其后常跟介詞in。

She has no experience in cooking.

她沒有下廚的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

I know it from experience. 我根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了解此事

（3） experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；熟練的，常與in，at連用。

She has become quite experienced at/in teaching primary school students.

她教小學(xué)生已經(jīng)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。

2. cause vt. 引起；導(dǎo)致

n. 原因；起因

The childs headache may be caused by stress.

那孩子的頭痛可能是壓力引起的。

Im sorry to have caused you so much inconvenience.

給你造成的諸多不便，我很抱歉。

These causes led to a bad result.

這些原因?qū)е铝瞬涣嫉暮蠊?/p>

I dont think you have cause to worry.

我認(rèn)為你沒有擔(dān)心的理由。

比較：cause，excuse，reason的區(qū)別

（1） cause指造成某現(xiàn)象、某結(jié)果的直接原因，常與effect連用。

Can you tell me the cause and effect of it？

你能不能告訴我它的前因后果？

（2） excuse多指借口，用來推卸責(zé)任。

I will not listen to any excuse. 我不會(huì)聽任何借口。

（3） reason指通情達(dá)理、合乎情理地解釋某事或某現(xiàn)象的理由。

My reason is that the cost will be too high.

我的理由是費(fèi)用會(huì)太高。

3. occur vi. 發(fā)生

I hope this wont occur again.

我希望不要再發(fā)生這種事情。

比較：occur，take place，happen和break out的區(qū)別

（1） occur是比較正式的用語，可用于具體或抽象的事件，在表示具體的事件時(shí)，可與happen換用。

Im afraid that this would occur during my absence.

= Im afraid that this would happen during my absence.

恐怕這事會(huì)在我不在時(shí)發(fā)生。

但是，如果表示“某想法”出現(xiàn)在人的頭腦之中，這時(shí)不能用happen代替。

Just then a bright idea occurred to me.

那時(shí)，我想到一個(gè)好主意。

（2） take place通常指某事按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或發(fā)生。

The Olympic Games of 2016 will take place in Rio de Janeiro.

2016年奧運(yùn)會(huì)將在里約熱內(nèi)盧舉行。

（3） happen常指具體事件的發(fā)生，特別指那些偶然的或未能預(yù)見的“發(fā)生”。happen還可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。

New things are happening all around us.

我們身邊總有新鮮事發(fā)生。

It happened that I had no money on me.

我剛好沒錢了。

（4） break out表示戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病、爭(zhēng)吵等的爆發(fā)。

A big fire broke out last night. 昨晚發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)。

4. strike v. 打；擊；撞；觸（礁）；（鐘）敲響；擦

（火柴；打動(dòng)（常用被動(dòng)）；感動(dòng)；突然想到

strike sb on the+身體部位，“打某人的某處”

A stone struck me on the head.

一塊石頭打中了我的頭。

The boat struck on a rock.

小船觸礁了。

strike a match 劃火柴

The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country.

游客們被這鄉(xiāng)村的美麗打動(dòng)了。

A good idea struck the manager.

經(jīng)理想到了一個(gè)好主意。

strike a blow 打……一拳；擊中

strike against（碰）撞在上面

strike at 向……打去；襲去

strike down 把……打倒在地；打死

strike off 打掉；砍掉

5. possibility n. 可能；可能性

Is there any possibility that youll be back by the weekend？

周末以前你有可能回來嗎？

There is one possibility of changing a job.

換工作是有可能的事。

6. damage n. & v. 損失；損害

It is estimated that the damage is over one million dollars. 據(jù)估計(jì)，損失超過了一百萬美元。

The boys skirted the field so as not to damage the crops.

為了不損害莊稼，孩子們繞著田走。

比較：ruin，destroy，damage的區(qū)別

（1） destroy指“徹底毀壞以致不能或很難修復(fù)”。

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

學(xué)校被大火徹底燒毀了。

All hopes of a peaceful settlement were destroyed by his speech.

和平解決的一切希望都被他的講話毀滅了。

（2） damage指“價(jià)值、用途降低或外表損壞”等，不一定全部破壞，為不可數(shù)名詞。

His heart was slightly damaged as a result of the disease.

由于疾病，他的心臟輕微受損。

They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.

他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房子。

（3） ruin現(xiàn)在多用于比喻中，泛指一般的“毀壞”。

Youll ruin your chance of getting that job if you wear that shirt for the interview！

你如果穿那件襯衫面試，就會(huì)斷送得到工作的機(jī)會(huì)！

7. warning n. 警告；警示

give （a） warning 發(fā)出警告；事前通知

The red light is a warning sign for stop.

紅燈是通知停止行進(jìn)的信號(hào)。

Let this be a warning to you.

希望這件事能成為你的警戒。

I had no warning of the danger.

我事先沒有危險(xiǎn)的警告。

warn v. 事前告訴（可能發(fā)生的事）；使警惕

warn against 讓……提防……

warn about/of... 提醒、警告某人注意……

warn off 讓不去；讓別做

8. pick up 卷起；掀起；拾起；扶起（某人）；收

拾；（車船）中途搭（人）；學(xué)會(huì)

The boy picked up the hat for the old man.

男孩替老人拾起了帽子。

Grandma Li fell down onto the ground and I ran to pick her up at once.

李奶奶跌倒在地，我趕緊跑過去扶她。

You should pick up the tools after work.

工作結(jié)束后你應(yīng)該把工具收拾好。

The bus picks up commuters at three stops.

公共汽車在三個(gè)站載送通勤者。

He is picking up the skills quickly.

他正在很快地掌握技術(shù)。

9. take off 去掉；脫掉；起飛；減去；取消；移開；

突然開始成功；開始走紅；休假

Helens taking off her coat because it is too hot in the room.

海倫脫去上衣，因?yàn)槲堇锾珶崃恕?/p>

The plane took off so smoothly that the passengers could hardly feel it.

飛機(jī)起飛得非常平穩(wěn)，旅客幾乎感覺不出來。

Your good news has taken a load off my mind.

你的好消息卸下了我心頭的一塊石頭。

10. end up 結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束

If he carries on driving like that， hell end up dead.

他照那樣開車，早晚得死于非命。

end up with和end up in都意為“以……結(jié)束”，with指以某種方式結(jié)束，in后跟的是結(jié)果。

If you do that， youll end up with egg on your face.

你要是做那件事，必將以恥辱告終。

If you continue to steal， youll end up in prison.

你要是繼續(xù)行竊，終歸得進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

11. set fire to 放火（焚燒）；激起；使激憤

He set fire to his doormat to make the police take what he was saying more seriously.

他把門墊點(diǎn)燃，是為了讓警察能把他說的當(dāng)回事兒。

I believe the house was deliberately set fire to.

我認(rèn)為有人蓄意放火燒這棟房子。

The conversation set fire to his dreams.

談話激發(fā)了他的夢(mèng)想。

Their action set fire to public opinion.

他們的行動(dòng)引起了激烈的輿論。

12. catch fire 著火

She was standing too close to the fireplace and her dress caught fire.

她站得離壁爐太近了，衣服燒著了。

His house caught fire last night.

昨晚他家失火了。

13. put out 撲滅（火）；熄滅；伸出

Put out the fire before going to bed.

睡覺之前先熄掉火。

Its dangerous to put out your hand now.

現(xiàn)在你把手伸出去很危險(xiǎn)。

14. in all 總共；總計(jì)

We are fifty in all.

我們總共五十人。

There are fifteen books on the first shelf， twenty-one on the second， which makes thirty-six in all.

書架的第一層有15本書，第二層有21本，總共是36本。

The supreme happiness of life is the conviction that we are loved.

—Victor Hugo

生活中最大的幸福是堅(jiān)信有人愛我們。

——維克多·雨果（法國(guó)作家）