Summary Remarks and Contents

Recall and Rethink:My Research of the Oirat Mongolian History ………………………Ma Dazheng

This paper is to recall and conclude of my career of Oirat Mongolian history research for more than 40 years.The whole paper talks about seven topics including reason for my research,Zungarian history research,first expanding of research field stretching from Zungarian and Torghut history to Oirat history and general Oirat history,second expanding of research field stretching from Oirat Mongolian history to the Xinjiang Mongolian history,fading out of the ivory tower of academic studies,the feeling and gratitude and in the end a saying:research will never ends.

Correction of Some Historical Records of Oirat Mongolian History in the Late Qing and Early Republican Days ……………………………………………………………………………Zhou Xuejun

There are some mistakes in the existing works on Oirat Mongolian history of the late Qing and early Republican days,which must be examined and correct.Having used some relevant historical sources,I in this paper examined some records and correct related mistakes,including the birth date of Galsangnamjil,the Jasag of the left wing Khan’s Banner of D?rbed,whose title was Tegus Khulug Dalai Khan;the birth&death dates of Natsagdorj,the Jasag of Upper Banner in the middle of the left wing of D?rbed;the birth&death dates of Gombo’ochir,a Beile of Jahachin;and birth date of Damdinbazar,the last Beile of Jahachin.

Lama Anjan and Development of Tantrism ……………………………(Russia)Battr U.Kitinov,Dari

Based on a careful reading of A Manuscript on Oriat Buddhist History which was written in Tibetan in the early nineteenth century,the paper made an analysis and research on the Lama Anjan’s experience in the Drepung monastery and the development of Tibetan Buddhism among the Oriat Mongolians.The author Battr U.Kitinov is the Acting Head of the Department of World History at the Peoples’Friendship University of Russia in Moscow,has long been engaged in the research of Oriat Mongolian Buddhism history.

A Discussion of Tribal Groups of Northern Yuan Dynasty ……………………………………Jin Xiao

After the withdrawal of Mongol Empire from Daidu,Mongols had been divided into two groups:eastern and western as a result of the continual war with Ming Court and feudal wars among different groups,each of the two groups was further fragmented as several subordinate groups.Different groups,smaller or bigger,launched wars each other and the territories of them changed all times.This paper is to tell the stories of Mongolian groups in the given time and outline their nomadic territories,including eastern group i.e.the six Tumens ruled by Dayan Khan and the four Tumens of Ongnigud,and the western group.

Concept of Ecological Protection Contained in Mongolian Tree Worship Custom ……Fan Yongzhen

Tree Worship custom was common in ancient ancestors of Central and Northern Asian peoples. In Mongolian tribes,this complex of Tsoros tribe and Buryat tribe was relatively obvious.It may be related to the forest and trees of ancestors’habitat.Having analyzed the reasons of Mongolian Tree Worship,I think it may related to those factors such as Totem worship,ethnic origin legends,gods worship and vitality worship.In modern times,from Mongolia to the east,central and western of Inner Mongolia,Tree Worship exists in Mongolian folks.In terms of its essence,it contains natural ecological protection,the concept of harmony between the mankind and the nature.

Alien Cultural Characteristics Embodied in the Mongolian Clothing during the Mongol Empire and Yuan Dynasty ………………………………………………………………………………Dong Xiaorong

This paper analyzed the shell fabric,craftwork,pattern,baldric and style design of the Mon-golian clothing of the Mongolian Empire and Yuan Dynasty in order to illustrate the alien elements therein.As a result of my research,I concluded that Mongolian clothing in the given historical period absorbed and embodied Western,Kitan,Jurchen and Korean styles.

Analysis of the Cultural Causes of the Torghut’s Eastward Return …………………………Yu Jieru

On the causes of Torghut’s eastward return,there has been a great deal of research,including political analysis,economical analysis,religious analysis and national identity analysis.In this article,we make analysis of it again from the view of cultural identity,ethnical bond and religious connection.

On the Archery Worship of Altai Urianghai ………………………(Mongolia)Nasanbat Erdenebayar

This paper used the records in the historical documents and findings of field works to explore the origin of the archery worship custom of Altai Urianhai.

Study on the Protection and Inheritance of Yoghur’s Cultural Heritage Intangible …………Yu Jiling

The rich and colorful intangible cultural heritages of the ethnic minorities are important component of the China’s national cultural treasure,and become important cultural resources.Following the continued development of globalization and high popularity of information technology,modern multi-stemmed culture is continually taking the existing room of the cultures of Ethnic Minorities. This paper took the state-level project on Yoghur’s culture protection as example to discuss about the protection and inheritance situation of Yoghur’s cultural heritages and pointed out the facing difficulties and provided some countermeasures.

Elementary Discussion on Xinjiang Mongolian Education Performed Outside of Xinjiang during the Republican China ………………………………………………………………Guo Ruipeng Zhang Liyuan

From the second and third decades of the 20th century on,some youths had ever been dispatched to go to study at some China’s inland colleges or universities and Central Asian State University of the Soviet Union.The study movement once enhanced the Mongolian education level,enriched Mongolian teachers and improved their abilities to participate in politics and communication with other ethnicities.But because of lacked guidance,fund shortage,social unrest and the official reluctance,this kind of outside education could not continue to develop further.

The Situation of the Mongolian Modern Education …………………………………………………H?h

This paper made a brief introduction to the situation of the Mongolian education and the establishment of the schools.

Review of the Characters and Destinies of the Two Ladies in the Novel Medical School ………Lamao

The novel Medical School is a classic work in which social maladies are diagnosed.The story features vivid and intricate plots,sharp conflicts and numerous characters with distinct personalities.In particular,the figures of two ladies are successfully portrayed,and the social roots that had twisted the two figures are also illuminated in details and in depth.This investigation sets the personalities and destinies of the two ladies as the object to analyze their characters and causes for that characterization,and discussed the inevitability for their miserable tragic ends within that sort of society.

The Significance of the Study of Manchu Version of the Three Kingdoms ……………Xiuyun;Aodan

During the Qing Dynasty,many Chinese novels written during Ming and Qing had been translated into Manchu language.The“Three Kingdoms”was one of the first Manchu versions of Chinese novels.It was the product of the policy of the early years of Qing Court.In the later ages,many different versions of it come into being.The study of the Manchu version of“Three Kingdoms”is of significance for the research of the versions of the novel in other languages.It also has important implication for the study of the policies of the early years of the Qing Court and the cultural development of the Manchu.