張樂(lè)++王趙改++陳麗娟++楊慧++王曉敏++史冠瑩++梁萬(wàn)平
摘 要:為充分利用板栗殼資源,對(duì)板栗殼中的原花青素進(jìn)行提取,并對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性及抗氧化進(jìn)行研究。工藝條件為:0.5%Na2CO3和1.5%NaHSO3的水溶液以1∶8的料液比,在沸水條件下,浸提板栗殼2 h,然后減壓回收溶劑,過(guò)大孔樹脂AB-8進(jìn)行純化,提取板栗殼中原花青素。研究光照、溫度、金屬離子、氧化還原劑和食品添加劑對(duì)板栗殼原花青素穩(wěn)定性的影響,以及板栗殼原花青素提取物的抗氧化活性。結(jié)果表明,板栗殼中原花青素得率為5.95%。板栗殼原花青素對(duì)光不穩(wěn)定,宜避光低溫保藏;溫度高于60 ℃時(shí),穩(wěn)定性受到影響;氧化劑、還原劑和苯甲酸鈉對(duì)其穩(wěn)定性有影響;板栗原花青素在 Na+、K+、Mg2+和 Al3+存在時(shí)較穩(wěn)定,而受Ca2+、Fe2+和Cu2+影響較大??寡趸囼?yàn)表明,板栗殼原花青素的還原能力及對(duì)羥基自由基、DPPH·均表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的清除效果。
關(guān)鍵詞:板栗殼;原花青素;穩(wěn)定性;抗氧化性
中圖分類號(hào):TQ914.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A DOI 編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.02.002
Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Chestnut Shell Proanthocyanidins
ZHANG Le, WANG Zhaogai, CHEN Lijuan, YANG Hui, WANG Xiaomin, SHI Guanying, LIANG Wanping
(Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China)
Abstract:In order to make full use of chestnut shell resources, the procyanidins in chestnut shell was extracted and the stability and antioxidant activity were studied. The procyanidins was extracted under the process conditions:material liquid ratio was 1∶8 under the condition of boiling water for 2 h and extract solution was mixed by 0.5% sodium carbonate aqueous solution and 1.5% sodium bisulfite aqueous solution, then extracting solution was concentrated and purified by AB-8 macroporous resin. The effect of light, temperature, metalion, oxidizing and reducing agents and food additives on the stability of proanthocyanidins was studied and the valuation of antioxidant activity was determined. The results showed that the yield rate of proanthocyanidins from chestnut shell was 5.95%. Proanthocyanidins was susceptible to light, and storage condition should avoid light. The stability was destroyed when the temperature was above 60 ℃. Oxidizing and reducing agents and sodium benzoate affected its stability, iron such as Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Al3+ had little effect on its stability, while the effect of Ca2+, Fe2+ and Cu2+ was larger. Antioxidant experiment indicated that proanthocyanidins experimented stronger antioxidant activity in reducing power, scavenging hydroxyl and DPPH assays.
Key words:chestnut shell; proanthocyanidins; stability; antioxidant activity
板栗(Castanea mollissima Blume)也稱為栗子、中國(guó)板栗,原產(chǎn)我國(guó),已有3 000余年栽培歷史,也是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品,年產(chǎn)量超過(guò)100萬(wàn)t,產(chǎn)量居世界首位[1]。板栗生產(chǎn)和加工過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生10%左右的板栗殼,主要以燃燒及廢物方式丟棄,僅有少量用以制備活性炭,利用價(jià)值較低[2]。板栗殼中含有大量的纖維素、酚類、鞣質(zhì)以及色素物質(zhì)[3],因此,如何充分利用加工生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的大量板栗殼,創(chuàng)造更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益就顯得很有意義。
板栗殼中原花青素,其主要由兒茶素,或其衍生物棓兒茶素等黃烷醇單體以C—C鍵連接而成,是具有多種生理活性的黃烷醇類多酚化合物,具有抗氧化活性和清除自由基、保護(hù)心血管、抗腫瘤、抗輻射、抗疲勞、皮膚保健及美容等功效[4-6]。目前關(guān)于板栗殼原花青素的提取多采用有機(jī)試劑進(jìn)行,張海暉等[2]采用乙醇提取板栗殼原花青素,但因料液比較高,消耗有機(jī)溶劑量大,試劑回收勞財(cái)費(fèi)力。據(jù)報(bào)道亞硫酸鹽和碳酸鈉鹽水溶液可以有效地提取原花青素,主要是通過(guò)在原花青素的黃酮單體的吡喃C環(huán)中引入亞硫酸離子來(lái)提高原花青素的溶解性[2,7]。關(guān)于板栗殼原花青素穩(wěn)定性及抗氧化活性的研究較少。鑒于此,在前期以0.5%的碳酸鈉和1.5%的亞硫酸氫鈉溶液提取板栗殼原花青素工藝研究的基礎(chǔ)上,本試驗(yàn)主要研究板栗殼原花青素穩(wěn)定性及抗氧化活性,以期充分提高板栗殼原花青素的實(shí)用價(jià)值,減少資源浪費(fèi)。