在閱讀短文時(shí)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)許多文章的段落常常以哲理性的話語(yǔ)闡明文章的主題,其語(yǔ)言精辟、含義深刻,讓人通過(guò)這些睿智話語(yǔ)去尋求人生的真諦,同時(shí)給人以思想上的啟迪,從而受到潛移默化的教育?,F(xiàn)從2015全省各地的模擬試卷和高考試題中摘取部分片斷加以剖析,以感悟其真正的內(nèi)涵。
一、人生感悟
人的一生應(yīng)如何度過(guò),是虛度光陰還是在充滿意義的時(shí)光隧道中做出一些積極的事,是我們每個(gè)人都必須面臨和反思的事。人生的道路其實(shí)就是灑著汗珠閃著光彩的路,驚心動(dòng)魄披荊斬棘的路,崎嶇不平倍嘗艱辛的路,浸透淚水充滿痛苦的路,而正是這些邁過(guò)的征程使自己收獲了人生最貴重的財(cái)富,閱讀下面幾段內(nèi)容便可從中受到啟發(fā)。
Just like roller coaster, life is full of ups and downs, darkness and light, and is unpredictable when we go through various unexpected situations. The best thing to do when we meet anything challenging is to lift our hands and enjoy whatever we do. (2015南通一模試卷完形填空)
作者以坐過(guò)山車(chē)的體驗(yàn)來(lái)比喻人生的起伏,有時(shí)波瀾壯闊,有時(shí)恬靜平和,有時(shí)光彩奪目,有時(shí)黯然失色。世事難以預(yù)測(cè),在人生的征程中,也許會(huì)遭遇到許多意想不到的情形,當(dāng)我們遇到富有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題時(shí),不該退縮或停滯不前,而應(yīng)挺身而出去迎接這些挑戰(zhàn),才能更深切地體會(huì)到所擁有的彌足珍貴。段落的話語(yǔ)從表層看是如此的平凡,卻蘊(yùn)涵著深邃的道理,讓人思緒良久。在整個(gè)段落中作者用ups and downs和darkness and light進(jìn)行對(duì)比,起到了較好的對(duì)應(yīng)作用。而unpredictable和unexpected兩個(gè)加前綴的否定詞則一語(yǔ)道破了人生的征程并非總是以人的意志所確定,其過(guò)程也許千變?nèi)f化。如何應(yīng)對(duì),動(dòng)詞meet, lift, enjoy等做了最好的詮釋。
At some point in your life you need to decide who you really are. Are you the body that grows older every day, or are you the soul within it that remains forever young? One day the loving spirit within you will have to step out of its wornout pair of shoes and walk on without them. May it bless everyone it meets along the way, heading for its Heavenly Home. (2015無(wú)錫一模試卷完形填空)
該段落中作者用淺顯的話語(yǔ)論述了人生的真諦。在人生中的某些階段,需要審視自己究竟是誰(shuí)?只有明白自己的生存價(jià)值,你的每一天才會(huì)過(guò)得充實(shí)。你每天都在朝著衰老邁進(jìn),這是人生不可抗拒的進(jìn)程,但靈魂中卻始終覺(jué)得自己依舊永遠(yuǎn)年輕??傆幸惶炷愕某瘹庵疇罹拖褚浑p穿舊的鞋一樣被磨盡棄之,結(jié)束其歷史的使命,于是你迎著風(fēng),沐著雨,飄然而去,所有的人都會(huì)經(jīng)歷這樣的過(guò)程,最終達(dá)到至高無(wú)上的理想境界。在歷史的長(zhǎng)河中人生是如此的短暫,在這不絕煙塵的道路上是留下后人可尋覓的足跡,讓人永久銘記,還是如曇花一現(xiàn)般地瞬間曲終,剪一段韶光,美給自己,美給他人。
二、成長(zhǎng)歷程
在學(xué)生成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中也許會(huì)遭遇到各種各樣的曲折和困難,是在前進(jìn)的道路上勇往直前還是半途而廢,是考驗(yàn)每個(gè)學(xué)生意志的階段,在成長(zhǎng)的歷程中有歡樂(lè)也有痛苦,面對(duì)挫折或艱難是泰然自若或是萎靡不振是考驗(yàn)學(xué)生正確對(duì)待人生的試金石,閱讀下面的幾個(gè)段落便能深切地體會(huì)到他人之旅。
Boldness—a willingness to extend you to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. (2015天津高考卷閱讀理解D)
該段落闡述了勇敢可以使你發(fā)揮到極致,勇敢不是一夜之間就可獲得的,而是在小時(shí)候被教授,在成年時(shí)形成。有了勇敢的精神自信就會(huì)逐漸建立起來(lái)。在人成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中肯定會(huì)遭受挫折和失望,勇敢本身并不能確保成功,但勇敢地去嘗試總比什么也不做成功的機(jī)率要大。整個(gè)段落用充滿激情的話語(yǔ)鼓勵(lì)人們,在人生的征途中面對(duì)困難時(shí)要勇往直前,哪怕有眾多的失敗,只要擁有堅(jiān)忍不拔的精神,你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你的能力比你希望的還要大。
Perhaps most of us arent as extreme at faultfinding, but when were honest, we can be sharply critical of the world. Im not suggesting you ignore problems, or that you pretend things are better than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—at least most of the time, and especially when its not a really big deal. (2015福建高考完形填空)
該段落表明在日常生活中大多數(shù)人并非那么極端地喜歡挑剔的,但當(dāng)我們懷著一顆真誠(chéng)的心時(shí),我們就會(huì)尖銳地對(duì)難以容忍的這個(gè)世界說(shuō)三道四。不挑剔并不意味著就忽視問(wèn)題的存在,假裝對(duì)某些問(wèn)題熟視無(wú)睹,似乎比真實(shí)情況要好,在這樣的過(guò)程中你學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)事物泰然自若,尤其是對(duì)于某些微不足道的事情。這是人在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中常常會(huì)遇到的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。其哲理是生活中我們對(duì)人對(duì)事物都不要過(guò)于挑剔,老是吹毛求疵對(duì)他人以及對(duì)自己都沒(méi)有好處。精神上總是背負(fù)著一種杞人憂天的思想,反而會(huì)使人陷入自我的沉淪之中,相反有時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)保持緘默能讓我們活得更精彩。
三、生活哲理
在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中我們常常會(huì)忽視我們周?chē)氖澜纾偸清e(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為我們所做的始終是正確的。但正是這樣錯(cuò)誤的觀念使我們難以察覺(jué)自己處于一種意識(shí)不到的困境之中,常常會(huì)忽視道德規(guī)范的約束或自然規(guī)律的永恒,而閱讀某些段落中的內(nèi)容也許會(huì)使我們番然醒悟。
Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. (2015江蘇高考閱讀理解D)
從該段落的闡述可以看出雅典所需的真正的自由來(lái)自于責(zé)任,古希臘的雅典人拒絕承擔(dān)責(zé)任,他們的自由也就走到了盡頭,這只能是唯一的結(jié)果。整個(gè)段落其實(shí)是用警示性的話語(yǔ)告誡人們,脫離了自我約束或不愿承擔(dān)責(zé)任就不可能擁有真正的自由。責(zé)任正是所有人為獲得自由而所必需付出的代價(jià),勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任才能擁有自由。該段落也許讀上去是如此的抽象,但深刻的話語(yǔ)卻揭示出生活的哲理,責(zé)任與自由是相輔相成的,自由的存在離不開(kāi)責(zé)任,相信自由的人也樂(lè)于遵守法律和價(jià)值體系的約束,為了整個(gè)社會(huì)的幸福而自愿受社會(huì)的約束,既豐富了個(gè)人也豐富了社會(huì)。
Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead. (2015浙江高考閱讀理解C)
該段落揭示了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人們生活在眩目的夜色燈光下,似乎已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常,而全然不知過(guò)多的人造光也是一種污染。不僅給動(dòng)物帶來(lái)了危害,也給人類(lèi)制造了麻煩。正是這不眠之夜使我們脫離了亙古的自然法則,忘卻了白晝和夜幕的節(jié)奏規(guī)律,光污染使我們忘卻了自己在宇宙中的位置。閱讀該文掩卷沉思,自然的夜幕充斥著無(wú)情的人造光,是禍?zhǔn)歉W杂懈杏|。
通過(guò)對(duì)上述幾段文章的剖析可以看出,閱讀文章不能僅僅停留在字面意義上的了解,有時(shí)需透過(guò)其表層的意義去更深層次地理解其內(nèi)涵。從文章的字里行間去感受人生的真諦,去體驗(yàn)成長(zhǎng)中的經(jīng)歷,去領(lǐng)悟哲理的睿智。從閱讀中汲取深刻的教誨,學(xué)會(huì)理性地看待問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題。從中感受到閱讀不僅僅是認(rèn)字識(shí)文,更是思想上理性認(rèn)識(shí)的飛躍、心靈的洗禮,從而受益無(wú)窮。
[作者簡(jiǎn)介:殷小慶,任教于江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué),有多年高三英語(yǔ)教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn),曾在市縣高中英語(yǔ)優(yōu)秀課評(píng)比中獲獎(jiǎng)。]