于志芬
how和what是同學(xué)們很熟悉的兩個(gè)詞,雖然它們?cè)谠~義和詞性方面均有差異,但是在某些特定的表達(dá)中,它們卻可以表達(dá)相似或相同的意思。從練習(xí)和考試的角度來看,這兩個(gè)詞在具體句型中的用法也是命題者比較關(guān)注的。所以,將涉及這兩個(gè)詞的相關(guān)句型做一個(gè)歸納和比較,就顯得十分必要。
句型一 表達(dá)感嘆
(1)How...!
(2)What...!
在感嘆句中,how用來修飾形容詞或副詞,通常用于句型“How+形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語”;而what用來修飾名詞,通常用于句型“What+(a / an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語”(若意思明確,主語和謂語可以省略)。如:
How big the birthday cake is! 這生日蛋糕好大呀!
What a slow train this is! 這列火車開得真慢!
【典型考題】(答案選D)
—________ careful boy you are!
—Thank you. In fact, Tom does everything more carefully than me.
A. How B. What
C. How a D. What a
句型二 詢問看法(A)
(1)How about...?
(2)What about...?
兩者含義和用法都差不多,about后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,主要用來提出請(qǐng)求、建議、征求意見或詢問看法等,其意為“……怎么樣”。如:
How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?
What about going out with me tomorrow? 明天和我一起出去怎么樣?
【典型考題】(答案選D)
—________ about the talent show?
— I should say it was a great success.
A. Which B. Who
C. When D. What
句型三 詢問看法(B)
(1)How do you like...?
(2)What do you think of...?
這兩個(gè)句型均可表示“你覺得……怎么樣”,但搭配不同,how與動(dòng)詞like搭配,what與動(dòng)詞think of搭配。如:
How do you like the book?=What do you think of the book? 你覺得這本書怎么樣?
How do you like your English teacher?=What do you think of your English teacher? 你認(rèn)為你們的英語老師怎么樣?
【典型考題】(答案選A)
—______ do you like your holiday in Mount Tai?
—We enjoyed it very much. The sight is very beautiful.
A. How B. Who
C. What D. Which
句型四 詢問天氣
(1)How is the weather...?
(2)What is the weather like...?
這兩個(gè)句型均可表示“……天氣怎么樣”,但搭配不同,即在使用how的句型中沒有介詞like,而在使用what的句型中有介詞like。如:
Whats the weather going to be like tomorrow?
=Hows the weather going to be tomorrow?
明天天氣會(huì)怎樣呢?
【典型考題】(答案選A)
—________ was the weather like when you stayed there?
—It rained all week.
A. What B. Which
C. How D. Where
句型五 表達(dá)“如何說”
(1)How do you say...?
(2)What do you call...?
這兩個(gè)句型均可表示“……怎么說(表達(dá))”,但搭配不同,即how與動(dòng)詞say搭配,what與動(dòng)詞call搭配。如:
How do you say this strange thing in your language?
=What do you call this strange thing in your language?
這個(gè)奇怪的東西用你們的語言怎么說?
【典型考題】(答案選C)
—________ do you say “行星” in English?
—Its “planet”.
A. What B. Which
C. How D. Where
句型六 詢問大小等
(1)How big (long, tall...) is...?
(2)Whats the size (length, height...) of...?
在詢問“大小”“長(zhǎng)短”“寬窄”“高低”“多少”等場(chǎng)合,how后接表示“大小”“長(zhǎng)短”“寬窄”“高低”“多少”等的形容詞,且多用于口語或非正式文體;what后接表示“長(zhǎng)短”“寬窄”“高低”“多少”的名詞,且多用于正式文體。如:
How wide is the door?=Whats the width of the door? 這門有多寬?
How tall is the tree?=Whats the height of the tree? 這棵樹有多高?
How long is the ruler?=Whats the length of the ruler? 這把尺子有多長(zhǎng)?
How big is your house?=Whats the size of your house? 你家的房子有多大?
How old is your son?=What is your sons age? 你的兒子多大了?
How many people are there in Beijing?=What is the population of Beijing? 北京有多少人口?
【典型考題】(答案分別選A、C)
1. —________ is the size of a normal swimming pool?
—I think its about as big as our playground.
A. What B. Which
C. How D. Where
2. —______ many women teachers are there in your school?
— The number of them is over two hundred.
A. What B. Which
C. How D. Where
(編輯 陳根花)