李文萍
【摘要】英語(yǔ)所涉及的范圍廣,有獨(dú)特的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象和表現(xiàn)內(nèi)容。英語(yǔ)翻譯要求選詞恰當(dāng)、精確。譯者要具備豐富的翻譯理論和實(shí)踐知識(shí),要了解各個(gè)鄰域的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】英語(yǔ) 翻譯 技巧
國(guó)際交流越來(lái)越頻繁,中國(guó)發(fā)展飛速,英語(yǔ)使來(lái)自不同國(guó)度的人們能夠交談和交易。翻譯是不同民族之間進(jìn)行溝通和交流的工具。各民族之間由于文化背景的不同,生活習(xí)慣的差異,在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上必然存在千差萬(wàn)別。對(duì)于不同語(yǔ)域的民族文化傳統(tǒng)、文化內(nèi)容和文化心理,譯者要從宏觀上了解文化的蘊(yùn)含,且能掌握一些技巧,借助別人的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并加以對(duì)比分析,將有助于翻譯。
一、直譯與意譯
1.Two Dragons Playing A Ball.二龍戲珠。
2.dragon 在英美文化中是沒(méi)有地位的爬行動(dòng)物,是兇惡可怕的象征。在中國(guó)是吉祥、高貴之義。如譯“望子成龍”中的龍時(shí),譯成:to expect ones son to become a dragon,則會(huì)讓西方人不得其解,甚至產(chǎn)生誤解。因此“龍”的形象在英譯是不能保留的,可譯為 to expect ones son to become an outstanding person.望子成龍
3.Guilin has the most beautiful scenery in China,and Yangshuo is the most beautiful part of Guilin.
桂林山水甲天下,陽(yáng)朔山水甲桂林。
二、詞義的增加
Four mountains in China are Wutai in Shanxi Province,Putuo in Zhejiang Province,Emei in Sichuan Province,and Jiuhua in Anhui province
中國(guó)佛教四大名山是山西的五臺(tái)山,浙江的普陀山,四川的峨眉山和安徽的九華山。
三、地名加景點(diǎn)的翻譯
Most imperial gardens are located in north China:the Summer Palace; the Imperial Summer Resort in Chengde,Hebei Province; and Huaqing Palace in Xian,Shanxi Province.
大部分皇家園林位于華北:頤和園,河北省的承德避暑山莊,和陜西省的西安華清池。
四、非音譯意譯景點(diǎn)名
Suzhou,known as the home of gardens,displays the most and the best traditional private gardens in China.These are the Pavilion of the Surging Waves,Lion Grove,the Humble Administrators Garden,and the Garden for Lingering.
蘇州市是園林之鄉(xiāng),擁有中國(guó)最多和最佳傳統(tǒng)私家園林。它們是滄浪亭,獅子林,拙政園和留園。
五、詞意轉(zhuǎn)換
The expression that “ Women hold up half the sky” has been extensively used to praise the of women in China today.
“婦女能頂半邊天”被廣泛用來(lái)贊美當(dāng)今婦女在中國(guó)的地位。
六、符合實(shí)際情況
1.Silk and Silk goods from China would leave Xian,the then capital of China.
來(lái)自中國(guó)的絲綢和絲綢產(chǎn)品將離開(kāi)西安—中國(guó)古都。
2.As to Mongolian folk dances,the female dance is lively in rhythm,brisk in steps,and with the most characteristic movements such as shaking shoulders,turning over waists.
蒙古族民族舞中,女士的舞蹈節(jié)奏活潑、步伐敏捷,最有特點(diǎn)的動(dòng)作是抖肩,下腰。
七、專(zhuān)有名詞的翻譯
1.Tea,the most popular beverage for the Chinese,is one of Chinas specialties and traditional exports.Tea from China falls into five major categories,i e black tea,jasmine tea,Wulong tea ( a tea that is half fermented),green tea,and brick tea,which is otherwise known as tightly pressed tea.
茶是最受中國(guó)人歡迎的飲品,是中國(guó)的特產(chǎn)之一和傳統(tǒng)出口品。中國(guó)茶分為五大類(lèi),即紅茶,花茶,烏龍茶(半發(fā)酵的茶),綠茶和磚茶(被壓緊的茶)。
2.The Han Chinese prefer to drink what one might call plain tea,with its natural flavor.
漢族更喜歡喝有自然清香的的淡茶。
八、宗教術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯
1.In the center of the grand hall is the statue of Sakyamuni,the founder of Buddhism.On his left is the Medicine Buddha and on his right is Amitabba Buddha.
在大殿的中央是佛教創(chuàng)始人釋迦牟尼的塑像,他的左邊是藥師佛,他的右邊是阿彌陀佛。
2.Goddess of Mercy or Guanyin is one of the bodhisattvas in Chinese Buddhism and is described as showing great mercy.
觀音是中國(guó)佛教的菩薩之一,她有慈悲心。
九、語(yǔ)言要通俗
The saying “crops in the south,animal husbandry in the north,forests in the east,iron in the west and coal everywhere” figuratively generalizes the superiority of resources and the potential for economic growth in Inner Mongolia.
諺語(yǔ)“南糧,北牧,東林,西鐵,遍地是煤”比喻地概括了內(nèi)蒙古的優(yōu)質(zhì)資源和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)潛力。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]國(guó)家旅游局人事勞動(dòng)教育司編.英語(yǔ)[M].旅游教育出版社, 1996.8.
[2]徐炳勛.王松濤.內(nèi)蒙古[M].內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)出版社,1999.7.