周勝利劉兆云劉 苗劉金同張 燕陳 剛陳 星
作者單位:1.250062山東濟(jì)南,山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所 2.濟(jì)南大學(xué)、山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)與生命科學(xué)學(xué)院3.山東省精神衛(wèi)生中心
MTHFR基因C677T和A1298C多態(tài)性與精神分裂癥關(guān)聯(lián)的家系研究*
周勝利1,2劉兆云1,2劉苗1,2劉金同3張燕3陳剛1陳星1
作者單位:1.250062山東濟(jì)南,山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所2.濟(jì)南大學(xué)、山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)與生命科學(xué)學(xué)院3.山東省精神衛(wèi)生中心
【摘要】目的探討MTHFR基因的C677T和A1298C多態(tài)位點(diǎn)與精神分裂癥的關(guān)系。方法采用高分辨率熔解曲線(xiàn)對(duì)103個(gè)精神分裂癥核心家系的C677T與A1298C多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行SNP分型,通過(guò)傳遞不平衡分析(TDT)和Log線(xiàn)性模型進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。結(jié)果TDT分析未發(fā)現(xiàn)C677T與A1298C多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)由雜合型親代向患者的優(yōu)勢(shì)傳遞(P=0.753,0.492)。Log線(xiàn)性模型顯示患者母親MTHFR C677T與A1298C的單位點(diǎn)分析(C677T P=0.415,A1298C P=0.846)及單體型分析(P=0.607)均無(wú)特定親代配型的聚集。結(jié)論MTHFR基因的C677T與A1298C位點(diǎn)的單核苷酸多態(tài)性與精神分裂癥的發(fā)病無(wú)關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】精神分裂癥關(guān)聯(lián)分析MTHFR基因單核苷酸多態(tài)高分辨率熔解曲線(xiàn)
精神分裂癥(Schizophrenia)是以幻覺(jué)、妄想、感情淡漠、精神活動(dòng)與環(huán)境不協(xié)調(diào)以及認(rèn)知障礙為特征的一類(lèi)嚴(yán)重精神障礙。世界范圍終生患病率與發(fā)病率分別為0.30%~0.66%和(10.2~22.0)/100 000人年數(shù)[1]。遺傳與環(huán)境被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致疾病的重要因素[2]。
亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)在單碳循環(huán)發(fā)揮重要作用,為脫氧核苷酸堿基提供前體,另外還參與膜脂及DNA的甲基化。MTHFR定位于染色體1p36.3[3],主要包含兩個(gè)單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNPs),分別是C677T(rs1801133)與A1298C(rs1801131),都可導(dǎo)致酶活性的改變及影響高半胱氨酸的濃度[3~5]。C677T使得丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔i氨酸,A1298C引起谷氨酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楸彼?,兩者都?huì)引起亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(MTHFR)的活性下降,尤其是C677T多態(tài)性引起的變化更為明顯。MTHFR能夠使5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?-亞甲基四氫葉酸,后者為葉酸循環(huán)的主要形式。5-亞甲基四氫葉酸可以為高半胱氨酸形成S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)的過(guò)程中提供甲基,S-腺苷甲硫氨酸是腦中甲基團(tuán)[6]。
甲基化過(guò)程對(duì)細(xì)胞的功能影響至關(guān)重要,人體和動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)均表明葉酸減少與高半胱氨酸的增多都可對(duì)神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生有害作用[7]。MTHFR的多態(tài)性與精神分裂癥關(guān)系的研究結(jié)果不一致,有研究報(bào)道其與精神分裂癥有關(guān)聯(lián)(Arinami T等[8]、Joober R等[9]、Sazci A等[10]、Kempisty B等[11,12]、Tan EC等[13]、Vilella E等[14]、Shi J等[15])。有Meta分析結(jié)果則傾向于與精神分裂癥有關(guān)(Lewis SJ等[16]、Jonsson EG等[17]、Muntjewerff JW等[18]、Zintzaras E等[19]、Allen NC等[20]、Gilbody S等[21])。
本研究中,我們做了基于家系的研究來(lái)探討MTHFR的多態(tài)性C677T和A1298C與精神分裂癥的關(guān)系。通過(guò)SNP分型后,檢測(cè)MTHFR C677T與A1298C從親代向患者子代的傳遞與精神分裂癥的關(guān)系。同時(shí),我們還分析了母親這兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)的基因型對(duì)后代患精神分裂癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。
1.1對(duì)象選擇山東省精神衛(wèi)生中心2005~2010年住院的精神分裂癥患者與其父母103家(核心家系),其中患者與父母的3口之家88家,患者與父親或母親的兩口之家15家;男性患者48例,女性患者55例,男女比例1∶1.14;年齡7~27歲,平均(17±3)歲,平均發(fā)病年齡(16±3)歲。所有患者的診斷分別由兩名精神科醫(yī)師依據(jù)國(guó)際疾病分類(lèi)第十版(ICD-10)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)獨(dú)立做出。該研究對(duì)象均為漢族,獲得了患者與父母的知情同意,并通過(guò)了山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)研究所倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。1.2方法血液采集取外周靜脈血,EDTA抗凝后置于-20℃保存; DNA提取采用離心柱型全血試劑盒[QuickGene SP kit DNA whole blood (SP-DB ),F(xiàn)UJIFILM]。DNA濃度測(cè)定使用NanoDrop ND-2000 UV/V分光光度計(jì)進(jìn)行濃度測(cè)定,每個(gè)樣本測(cè)定兩次,取其平均值;如果兩次誤差超過(guò)10%,則進(jìn)行第3次測(cè)定,然后取兩個(gè)相近數(shù)值的平均值,最后將所有DNA樣品稀釋至終濃度10 ng/μl。MTHFR的序列由UCSC (http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)取得,C677T與A1298C的引物設(shè)計(jì)由USCS的在線(xiàn)PCR引物設(shè)計(jì)完成(http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgPcr? org=Human&db=hg19&hgsid=257542227)。C677T位點(diǎn)的正向與反向引物分別為: 5’-ACTTGAAGGAGAAGGTGTCTG-3’與5’-GGAAGAATG TGTCAGCCTCAA-3’。A1298C位點(diǎn)的正向與反向引物分別為: 5’-AAGGAGGAGCTGCTGAAGATG-3’與5’-CCGAGAGGTAAAGAACGAAGACT-3’。SNP分型采用高分辨率熔解曲線(xiàn)(High Resolution Melting,HRM)。PCR程序設(shè)置為94℃預(yù)變性5 min,繼變性94℃30 s,退火和延伸59℃1 min,共50個(gè)循環(huán),4℃保溫。HRM過(guò)程采用LightScanner(HRM高分辨率熔解曲線(xiàn))突變檢測(cè)/基因分型分析系統(tǒng),溫度為65℃→90℃。純合子與雜合子由HRM曲線(xiàn)的不同得以區(qū)分,而純合子野生型與突變型由Tm值的差異而區(qū)分,進(jìn)而得到相關(guān)位點(diǎn)的準(zhǔn)確分型。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法使用Haploview 4.2統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)MTHFR基因的C677T與A1298C多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行哈迪-溫伯格平衡檢測(cè)(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,HWE)及傳遞不平衡檢測(cè)(Transmission Disequilibrium Tests,TDT)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)均設(shè)為0.05。傳遞不平衡檢測(cè)1993年由Spielman提出,當(dāng)來(lái)源于雜合雙親的等位基因在遺傳給患病后代時(shí)的概率顯著偏離隨機(jī)概率時(shí),則提示該位點(diǎn)與疾病連鎖或關(guān)聯(lián)[22]。另外,應(yīng)用對(duì)數(shù)線(xiàn)性模型(log-linear model)分析核心家系的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)評(píng)估母源因素對(duì)后代表型的影響[23]。每個(gè)家系通過(guò)個(gè)體中攜帶風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基因的數(shù)量分類(lèi),M,F(xiàn),C(0,1,2)分別是母親、父親、孩子所攜帶風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基因的個(gè)數(shù)。之后通過(guò)似然比檢驗(yàn)(Likelihood Ratio Test,LRT)來(lái)評(píng)估母親所攜帶的基因型對(duì)后代患病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。P值為雙尾,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為0.05,模型如下: ln[E(nM,F(xiàn),C)]=γj+α1I{ M=1}+α2I{ M=2}+β1I{ C=1}+β2I{ C=1}+ ln(2)I{ M=F=C=1}
2.1Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析及傳遞不平衡檢測(cè)多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)C677T與A1298C位點(diǎn)均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表1。兩點(diǎn)間的D’=0.873(95%CI: 0.72~0.95),R2=0.195。在傳遞不平衡檢測(cè)中,多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)C677T與A1298C位點(diǎn)傳遞/非傳遞的堿基分別是47/44(P=0.753)和29/24(P=0.492),單個(gè)位點(diǎn)未發(fā)現(xiàn)傳遞差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.2單倍型分析及似然比檢驗(yàn)利用對(duì)數(shù)線(xiàn)性模型,首先分別單獨(dú)檢測(cè)C677T與A1298C位點(diǎn),結(jié)果顯示均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P>0.05)。LRT結(jié)果顯示分別為C677T(LRT P值=0.415,df=4)A1298C (LRT P值=0.846,df=4)。之后構(gòu)建母親C677T與A1298C的單倍型A-C、C-C、A-T,其檢測(cè)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3及圖1。單倍型LRT P值=0.607,df=10,無(wú)論單個(gè)位點(diǎn)或C677T與A1298C所構(gòu)建的單倍型均未顯示母親MTHFR基因型對(duì)后代精神分裂癥的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有所影響[24]。
許多病例-對(duì)照研究提示MTHFR基因可能與精神分裂癥的發(fā)病相關(guān),然而在不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)中并沒(méi)有得到一致的結(jié)論。病例-對(duì)照研究容易受到人群分層因素的影響,而家系研究則能規(guī)避這點(diǎn),因此,在重復(fù)驗(yàn)證病例-對(duì)照研究發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)逐漸被應(yīng)用[24]。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)精神分裂癥患者核心家系的MTHFR多態(tài)性位點(diǎn)分型后進(jìn)行傳遞不平衡檢測(cè)(TDT),顯示C677T與A1298C位點(diǎn)在雜合雙親向患精神分裂癥子代的傳遞中是隨機(jī)的。這與Muntjewerff JW等[25]在2007年的家系研究結(jié)果相一致。
病例-對(duì)照研究容易受到人群分層因素的影響,而這也部分解釋了不同地區(qū)與不同實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果差異。但病例-對(duì)照研究的樣本數(shù)量一般較家系研究要大很多,雖然家系研究能避開(kāi)人群分層因素的影響,但其檢驗(yàn)效能往往不及病例-對(duì)照研究。且TDT檢測(cè)只能利用到雙親是雜合型的遺傳信息,這些都可能是影響其檢驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ囊蛩?。另外,也有研究認(rèn)為母體在懷孕時(shí)的葉酸與高半胱氨酸濃度異常會(huì)影響胎兒的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育,從而增加孩子患精神分裂癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果是這樣,那么母親的基因型則應(yīng)是我們的關(guān)注對(duì)象[26]。Zhang C等[27]在2010年的家系研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)母親A1298C的多態(tài)性影響后代精神分裂癥的發(fā)病。其在母親基因型與患者發(fā)病關(guān)系的研究中引入了正常人的母親作為對(duì)照,而為了規(guī)避分層因素等風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本研究選擇了對(duì)數(shù)線(xiàn)性模型。而結(jié)果顯示無(wú)論單個(gè)位點(diǎn)或C677T與A1298C所構(gòu)建的單倍型均未顯示母親MTHFR基因型對(duì)后代精神分裂癥的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有所影響。
我們的研究顯示MTHFR的677T與1298C在雙親向精神分裂癥患者后代的傳遞中并未呈現(xiàn)優(yōu)先傳遞現(xiàn)象。在精神分裂癥患者母親的基因型中也未發(fā)現(xiàn)C677T和A1298C單個(gè)位點(diǎn)以及其所構(gòu)建的單倍型有過(guò)度聚集現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),由于本研究受到樣本量的限制,且未將母親在孕期內(nèi)的環(huán)境因素(如葉酸攝入量等)納入研究范圍,重復(fù)試驗(yàn)及MTHFR基因與精神分裂癥關(guān)系的進(jìn)一步研究仍是必要的。
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(修回日期:2014-07-23)
Family-based association study about C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in MTHFR gene with schizophrenia
ZHOU Shengli,LIU zhaoyun,LIU Miao,et al
Laboratory of Medical Genetics,Institute of Basic Medicine,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences,Jinan 250062,China
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms of C677T and A1298C in MTHFR gene with schizophrenia.MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms of C677T and A1298C in MTHFR gene were genotyped in 103 nuclear families of schizophrenia by using high resolution melting curve.The genetic analysis was performed by using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT)and Log linear model analysis.ResultsTDT analysis showed no preferential transmission from parents heterozygous to probands with schizophrenia for C677T and A1298C (P=0.753,0.492 respectively).No significant asymmetry of parental mating type was found in single locus analysis (P value was 0.415 for C677T and 0.846 for A1298C)or haplotype analysis (P=0.607)in Log linear model of maternal datas.Conclusion Single nucleotide polymorphisms of C677T and A1298C allele in MTHFR gene is not likely to be associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
【Key words】Schizophrenia Association study MTHFR gene Single nucleotide polymorphism High resolution melting curve
(收稿日期:2014-07-04)
通訊作者:陳星,E-mail: cx27295@foxmail.com
*基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào): 30440042,30770780);山東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(編號(hào): ZR2013HM078);山東省科技發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2011GSF11821);山東省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2012-25)
doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-9346.2015.02.002
【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】R749.3
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】2095-9346(2015)-02-0085-04