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MiRNA-150與糖尿病腎病

2015-03-20 22:15邵瀅王秋月
國際內(nèi)分泌代謝雜志 2015年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:性反應(yīng)氧化應(yīng)激纖維化

邵瀅 王秋月

MiRNA-150與糖尿病腎病

邵瀅 王秋月

糖尿病腎病以腎間質(zhì)纖維化和腎臟硬化為病理學(xué)特點,慢性低度炎性反應(yīng)、氧化應(yīng)激、新生血管形成、內(nèi)皮功能紊亂等在糖尿病腎病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展中起重要作用。MiRNA-150參與多種炎性反應(yīng)、調(diào)節(jié)炎性反應(yīng)信號通路,在腎臟纖維化中表達升高,而且可以通過微泡促進新生血管形成,進而導(dǎo)致腎間質(zhì)纖維化,腎臟硬化;其靶基因,如細(xì)胞因子信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制蛋白1(SOCS1)、基質(zhì)細(xì)胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)/趨化因子受體4(CXCR4)等在糖尿病腎病中起保護作用。因此,miRNA-150可能通過影響其下游信號分子的表達在糖尿病腎病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起重要作用。

糖尿病腎??;MiRNA-150;炎癥;腎臟纖維化

慢性炎性狀態(tài)、氧化應(yīng)激與腎臟纖維化相互促進,共同構(gòu)成多種腎臟疾病的重要發(fā)病機制。近來發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-150在炎性反應(yīng)、氧化應(yīng)激及腎臟纖維化中發(fā)揮重要作用。而其靶基因,如細(xì)胞因子信號轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制蛋白(SOCS)-1等多在糖尿病腎病中發(fā)揮抗炎、抗氧化、抗纖維化的作用。研究其下游炎性因子、信號通路在糖尿病腎病中發(fā)揮的作用并加以利用,可能成為預(yù)防及治療糖尿病腎病的新靶點。

1 MicroRNA及miRNA-150

MicroRNAs是一類小分子非編碼RNA,通過降解mRNA或抑制轉(zhuǎn)錄后翻譯來抑制靶基因蛋白的表達[1]。MiRNA-150是microRNAs的重要成員,外周血中miRNA-150被認(rèn)為是淋巴細(xì)胞激活的重要傳感器,它可以直接、間接地調(diào)節(jié)自然殺傷細(xì)胞的分化和分裂[2]。然而,近期研究表明,它在炎性因子、炎性反應(yīng)通路、炎性疾病、組織及器官纖維化等方面也發(fā)揮重要作用[3-6]。Li等[7]在體內(nèi)和體外研究中均證實,miRNA-150可以通過分泌形成微泡,促進新生血管形成,而在糖尿病腎病早期,新生的異常血管已存在于腎小球附近[8]。同樣,Nakagawa等[9]也發(fā)現(xiàn)新生血管形成在糖尿病腎病發(fā)病機制中起重要作用。

2 MiRNA-150參與糖尿病腎病

既往研究提示miRNA-150促進腎臟纖維化,參與氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),而且miRNA-150的諸多靶基因與糖尿病腎病相關(guān)[6,10]。

2.1 MiRNA-150與SOCS1 SOCS蛋白家族是Janus激酶/信號傳導(dǎo)及轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(JAK/STAT)信號通路中的關(guān)鍵分子[11]。Qin等[12]研究提示,內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞中的SOCS1,可以通過細(xì)胞因子介導(dǎo)的黏附分子,如細(xì)胞間黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)及血管細(xì)胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)顯著抑制炎性細(xì)胞浸潤條件下的白細(xì)胞黏附及反向內(nèi)皮遷移。對糖尿病腎病的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SOCS1抑制了腎臟轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子-β(TGF-β)、纖維黏連蛋白(FN)等纖維化因子的表達[13-14]。Chen等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染miRNA-150使其過表達可使人血清單核細(xì)胞中SOCS1呈劑量依賴性下降。同樣,Zhou等[6]對腎臟纖維化的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SOCS1在體內(nèi)及體外實驗中都具有抗纖維化的作用,使用siRNA沉默SOCS1后,促纖維化蛋白水平顯著升高,質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染miRNA-150至腎小球系膜細(xì)胞48 h后,過表達的miRNA-150顯著抑制SOCS1,使其蛋白表達下降,同時FN、Ⅰ型膠原、Ⅲ型膠原、TGF-β均顯著升高,說明miRNA-150通過抑制SOCS1促進腎臟纖維化。Liu等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn),SOCS1和SOCS 3通過活化STAT1及STAT3抑制腎小管上皮細(xì)胞纖維變性,從而抑制腎間質(zhì)纖維化。而對糖尿病腎病的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高糖刺激JAK/STAT/SOCS表達升高,向系膜細(xì)胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)染SOCS1使之過表達,可顯著抑制高糖引起的JAK/STAT活化,同時抑制促纖維化因子,如單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白(MCP-1)、ICAM-1及炎性因子,如白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)表達。因此推測在糖尿病腎病時,高糖引起的MiRNA-150表達升高下調(diào)SOCS1的表達,從而抑制SOCS1對下游炎性因子的抑制作用,進而促進糖尿病腎病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。

2.2 MiRNA-150與趨化因子受體(CXCR)4CXCR4是G蛋白耦聯(lián)受體,基質(zhì)衍生因子(SDF)-1為其配體,SDF-1/CXCR4通路的激活與多種疾病相關(guān)[17]。最近有研究顯示該通路具有抗纖維化作用[18]。Rolland-Turner等[19]在腺苷刺激內(nèi)皮祖細(xì)胞遷移的實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),CXCR4是miRNA-150的靶基因之一。腺苷上調(diào)CXCR4mRNA表達的同時下調(diào)miRNA-150的表達。Tano等[20]也指出,骨髓源性單核細(xì)胞缺血抑制miRNA-150的表達,從而活化其靶基因CXCR4,使之表達升高。同樣,轉(zhuǎn)染抑制miRNA-150也可以顯著增加CXCR4的表達。CXCR4參與腎小管間質(zhì)纖維化及腎小球硬化過程[21]。最近Zhang等[22]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高糖作用下CXCR4及纖維化因子FN等水平升高,應(yīng)用SDF-1α處理系膜細(xì)胞,SDF-1α與其受體CXCR4結(jié)合激活蛋白激酶B通路,使其磷酸化,從而抑制高糖引起的Smad3活化,抑制了FN等促纖維化因子的過表達。因此可以通過抑制miRNA-150而提高SDF-1/CXCR4的表達,從而實現(xiàn)在糖尿病腎病中抑制腎臟纖維化的作用。

2.3 MiRNA-150與C-myb C-myb是位于8q24區(qū)的原癌基因,是轉(zhuǎn)錄因子家族中的一員,它通過調(diào)節(jié)靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄實現(xiàn)其功能。在淋巴細(xì)胞、心肌細(xì)胞、肝癌細(xì)胞、肝臟細(xì)胞等細(xì)胞中C-myb已被證實是miRNA-150的靶基因,而近期發(fā)現(xiàn)C-myb與多種炎性疾病、氧化應(yīng)激相關(guān)[23]。Ebihara等[24]證實C-myb在IgA腎病中表達降低,而IgA腎病與糖尿病腎病同是以腎臟纖維化為特點的疾病。同樣的,Oberbauer等[25]提出寡核苷酸靶基因C-myb作為治療手段,在腎臟疾病中存在深遠(yuǎn)的意義——近端小管可以攝取循環(huán)中的C-myb,通過復(fù)雜的輸送系統(tǒng)最終起到腎臟保護作用。Bian等[26]在研究炎性反應(yīng)性腸病中首次提出,結(jié)腸組織miRNA-150升高伴隨其靶基因C-myb的顯著下降。作為原癌基因,C-myb在造血系統(tǒng)及胃腸道實現(xiàn)控制細(xì)胞凋亡、增殖及分化等功能,miRNA-150介導(dǎo)的C-myb下降,導(dǎo)致腸上皮細(xì)胞凋亡等成為炎性反應(yīng)性腸病的發(fā)病機制之一。Li等[10]研究提示,miRNA-150通過抑制C-myb蛋白加劇過氧化氫處理的心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,過氧化氫處理心肌細(xì)胞6hmiRNA-150升高達到峰值,而同時C-myb蛋白表達下降,而抑制miRNA-150可以降低過氧化氫引起的心肌細(xì)胞凋亡。因此推測在糖尿病腎病中miRNA-150表達升高,從而抑制其靶基因C-myb的表達。轉(zhuǎn)染抑制miRNA-150可以逆轉(zhuǎn)氧化應(yīng)激及炎性反應(yīng)引起的C-myb表達降低,從而抑制糖尿病腎病晚期腎小球系膜細(xì)胞的凋亡。

研究表明,多種炎性因子及炎性通路、氧化應(yīng)激參與的腎臟纖維化、腎小球系膜細(xì)胞凋亡是糖尿病腎病的發(fā)病機制之一,但目前關(guān)于miRNA-150與糖尿病腎病的報道尚不多,而miRNA-150在腎臟表達,推測在高糖及慢性炎性反應(yīng)的作用下,miRNA-150的表達可能升高,而抑制miRNA-150從而使其靶基因,如 SOCS1、CXCR4、C-myb 等表達量增加,或?qū)⒊蔀橹委熖悄虿∧I病的新靶點。

[1]Edelstein LC,McKenzie SE,Shaw C,et al.MicroRNAs in platelet production and activation[J].J Thromb Haemost,2013,11(Suppl 1):340-350.

[2]Bezman NA,Chakraborty T,Bender T,et al.miR-150 regulates the development of NK and iNKT cells[J].J Exp Med,2011,208(13):2717-2731.

[3]Roderburg C,Luedde M,Vargas Cardenas D,et al.Circulating microRNA-150 serum levels predict survival in patients with critical illness and sepsis[J].PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54612.

[4]Duan Y,Zhou B,Su H,et al.miR-150 regulates high glucoseinduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting the transcriptional co-activator p300[J].Exp Cell Res,2013,319(3):173-184.

[5]Bian Z,Li L,Cui J,et al.Role of miR-150-targeting c-Myb in colonic epithelial disruption during dextran sulphate sodiuminduced murine experimental colitis and human ulcerative colitis[J].J Pathol,2011,225(4):544-553.

[6]Zhou H,Hasni SA,Perez P,et al.miR-150 promotes renal fibrosis in lupus nephritis by downregulating SOCS1[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2013,24(7):1073-1087.

[7]Li J,Zhang Y,Liu Y,et al.Microvesicle-mediated transfer of microRNA-150 from monocytes to endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis[J].J Biol Chem,2013,288(32):23586-23596.

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[9]Nakagawa T,Kosugi T,Haneda M,et al.Abnormal angiogenesis in diabetic nephropathy[J].Diabetes,2009,58(7):1471-1478.

[10]Li X,Kong M,Jiang D,et al.MicroRNA-150 aggravates H2O2-induced cardiac myocyte injury by down-regulating c-myb gene[J].Acta Biochim Biophys Sin(Shanghai),2013,45(9):734-741.

[11]Inagaki-Ohara K,Kondo T,Ito M,et al.SOCS,inflammation,and cancer[J].JAKSTAT,2013,2(3):e24053.

[12]Qin L,Huang Q,Zhang H,et al.SOCS1 prevents graft arteriosclerosis by preserving endothelial cell function[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,63(1):21-29.

[13]Shi Y,Du C,Zhang Y,et al.Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 ameliorates expression of MCP-1 in diabetic nephropathy[J].Am J Nephrol,2010,31(5):380-388.

[14]Debnath B,Xu S,Grande F,et al.Small molecule inhibitors of CXCR4[J].Theranostics,2013,3(1):47-75.

[15]ChenRF,YangKD,LeeIK,etal.AugmentedmiR-150 expression associated with depressed SOCS1 expression involved in dengue haemorrhagic fever[J].J Infect,2014,69(4):366-374.

[16]Liu Q,Liu S,Shi Y,et al.Suppressors of cytokine signaling inhibit tubular epithelial cell-myofibroblast transdifferentiation[J].Am J Nephrol,2011,34(2):142-151.

[17]Liang Z,Zhan W,Zhu A,et al.Development of a unique small molecule modulator of CXCR4[J].PLoS One,2012,7(4):e34038.

[18]Ortiz-Mun~oz G,Lopez-Parra V,Lopez-Franco O,et al.Suppressors of cytokine signaling abrogate diabetic nephropathy[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,2010,21(5):763-772.

[19]Rolland-Turner M,Goretti E,Bousquenaud M,et al.Adenosine stimulates the migration of human endothelial progenitor cells.Role of CXCR4 and microRNA-150[J].PLoS One,2013,8(1):e54135.

[20]Tano N,Kim HW,Ashraf M.microRNA-150 regulates mobilization and migration of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells by targeting Cxcr4[J].PLoS One,2011,6(10):e23114.

[21]Gagliardini E,Benigni A.Drugs to foster kidney regeneration in experimental animals and humans[J].Nephron Exp Nephrol,2014,126(2):91.

[22]Zhang D,Shao S,Shuai H,et al.SDF-1alpha reduces fibronectin expression in rat mesangial cells induced by TGF-beta1 and high glucose through PI3K/Akt pathway[J].Exp Cell Res,2013,319(12):1796-1803.

[23]Bousquet M,Zhuang G,Meng C,et al.miR-150 blocks MLLAF9-associated leukemia through oncogene repression[J].Mol Cancer Res,2013,11(8):912-922.

[24]Ebihara I,Nakamura T,Suzuki S,et al.Proto-oncogene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in IgA nephropathy[J].Kidney Int,1991,39(5):946-953.

[25]Oberbauer R,Murer H,Schreiner GF,et al.Antisense and the kidney[J].Kidney Blood Press Res,1996,19(5):221-224.

[26]Bian Z,Li L,Cui J,et al.Role of miR-150-targeting c-Myb in colonic epithelial disruption during dextran sulphate sodiuminduced murine experimental colitis and human ulcerative colitis[J].J Pathol,2011,225(4):544-553.

MiRNA-150 and diabetic nephropathy

Shao Ying,Wang Qiuyue.Department of Endocrinology,The First Affiliated Hospital,Chinese Medical University,Shenyang 110001,China

Wang Qiuyue,Email:wqycmu@163.com

The pathologic characteristics of diabetic nephropathy are renal interstitial fibrosis and renal sclerosis.Chronic low-grade inflammation,oxidative stress,angiogenesis and endothelial dysfunction play important roles in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy.MiRNA-150,overexpressed in renal fibrosis,participates in a variety of inflammatory response and inflammatory signaling pathways.Through microvesicels,miRNA-150 can promote angiogenesis and then result in renal interstitial fibrosis and nephrosclerosis.Its target genes are protective in diabetic nephropathy,such as suppressor ofcytokine signaling1(SOCS1),stromal cell-derived factor-1(SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor4(CXCR4).Therefore,miRNA-150 mayplaya keyrole in the occurrence and development ofdiabetic nephropathybymodulatingits downstreamsignalingmolecules.

Diabetic nephropathy;MiRNA-150;Inflammation;Renal fibrosis

(Int J Endocrinol Metab,2015,35:173-175)

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4157.2015.03.008

遼寧省科學(xué)技術(shù)計劃項目(2011225017);遼寧省百千萬人才工程資助項目(2011921037)

110001 沈陽,中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科

王秋月,Email:wqycmu@163.com

2014-10-13)

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