閆東娟, 曹振東, 付世建
重慶師范大學(xué), 進(jìn)化生理與行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 動(dòng)物生物學(xué)重慶市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 重慶 401331
尾鰭缺失和恢復(fù)生長對(duì)不同生境的兩種鯉科魚類快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響
閆東娟, 曹振東, 付世建*
重慶師范大學(xué), 進(jìn)化生理與行為學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 動(dòng)物生物學(xué)重慶市重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 重慶 401331
為了考查尾鰭切除及其恢復(fù)生長對(duì)偏好靜水環(huán)境的鯽魚(Carassiusauratus)與偏好激流環(huán)境的寬鰭鱲(Zaccoplatypus)兩種鯉科魚類快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響,將鯽魚幼魚((6.34 ± 0.02) cm)和寬鰭鱲幼魚((6.26 ± 0.12) cm)各16尾,其中8尾在(25.0 ± 0.5) ℃的條件下分別進(jìn)行尾鰭切除、20 d恢復(fù)生長、再次切除處理,另外8尾作為對(duì)照組;測量計(jì)算兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的相關(guān)形態(tài)參數(shù)并采用電刺激方式,通過高速攝像機(jī)獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的影像資料,分析計(jì)算后獲得快速啟動(dòng)相關(guān)參數(shù)。結(jié)果顯示:鯽魚的細(xì)度比(FR)顯著小于寬鰭鱲(P< 0.01),尾鰭指數(shù)(FI)卻顯著大于寬鰭鱲(P<0.01),兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的快速啟動(dòng)最大線速度(Vmax)、移動(dòng)距離(d)、相對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑(RTr)和彎曲指數(shù)(BC)均無顯著差異;尾鰭切除后,兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)的Vmax、d和RTr與正常組相比均呈現(xiàn)顯著下降(P<0.01),其中鯽魚Vmax下降39%而寬鰭鱲下降24%;經(jīng)過20 d的恢復(fù)生長,兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的尾鰭面積均恢復(fù)至切除前的60%,而快速啟動(dòng)的Vmax、d、RTr和BC卻與正常組(同樣經(jīng)過20 d生長)無顯著差異;尾鰭再次切除后與正常組相比,鯽魚和寬鰭鱲Vmax的下降幅度(17%和9%)與首次切除后的(39%和24%)相比均呈現(xiàn)降低的趨勢,其中鯽魚的下降幅度更大;尾鰭再次切除后與正常組相比,寬鰭鱲的BC顯著增大(P= 0.046)。結(jié)果表明:(1)鯽魚尾鰭對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)能力的作用大于寬鰭鱲;(2)而偏好急流環(huán)境的寬鰭鱲經(jīng)過恢復(fù)生長表現(xiàn)出更加明顯的功能補(bǔ)償現(xiàn)象。
尾鰭切除; 再生; 鯉科魚類; 快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力; 生境
魚類為滿足不同生境的運(yùn)動(dòng)需求,經(jīng)過長期適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化會(huì)出現(xiàn)體型特化的現(xiàn)象[1-2]。自然界水體的水流速度存在較大的差異,水流速度在魚類表型進(jìn)化過程中常常起著關(guān)鍵作用,偏好激流環(huán)境的魚類具有較強(qiáng)的持續(xù)游泳能力,體型通常更趨向流線型[3-4];而在緩流或靜水水體中生存的魚類,運(yùn)動(dòng)更加靈活,具有較大的體高[1-2,5]??焖賳?dòng)是魚類面臨捕食或逃逸時(shí)所采用的一種迅速而短暫的加速運(yùn)動(dòng)方式,盡管這種運(yùn)動(dòng)方式持續(xù)時(shí)間很短,移動(dòng)距離也有限,然而對(duì)魚類在各種環(huán)境下的生存和生長卻至關(guān)重要[6]。根據(jù)快速啟動(dòng)過程中首次肌肉收縮結(jié)束時(shí)魚體姿態(tài)的不同,可將其劃分為“C”型和“S”型啟動(dòng)[6],多數(shù)魚類通常表現(xiàn)為“C”型啟動(dòng)方式[7]。
不同種類魚的尾鰭大小和形狀不盡相同。尾鰭作為魚類運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的重要器官在游泳過程中具有推進(jìn)及導(dǎo)向等重要作用[8],其大小和形狀在很大程度上影響魚類的游泳能力[9],較大的尾鰭面積和較低尾鰭縱橫比有助于魚類的快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力[1,10]。由于種內(nèi)的爭斗[11]、種間捕食[12]以及病原體感染[13]等均會(huì)導(dǎo)致尾鰭的部分缺失,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致魚類運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的下降[12,14]。不同魚類尾鰭缺失后的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力下降的程度存在明顯差異[15-16]。為了揭示生活在不同水流環(huán)境中兩種鯉科魚的尾鰭對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的影響,本研究選用生活在寬闊水體中的鯽魚與偏好急流環(huán)境的寬鰭鱲為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,考查其尾鰭形態(tài)的差異及尾鰭切除對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響。
魚類尾鰭缺失后會(huì)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)通過組織增生使缺失部分能夠在一定程度上得以恢復(fù)[17-18]。魚類尾鰭恢復(fù)生長及其對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力影響的相關(guān)資料鮮有報(bào)道。為了比較兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的尾鰭恢復(fù)能力,考查恢復(fù)生長的尾鰭對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的影響;本研究將實(shí)驗(yàn)魚恢復(fù)生長一段時(shí)間后,測量恢復(fù)生長的尾鰭面積并再次評(píng)估恢復(fù)生長的尾鰭對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力的影響。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)選取鯉科魚類寬鰭鱲和鯽魚為研究對(duì)象,通過尾鰭切除、20 d恢復(fù)生長、再次切除處理;測量并計(jì)算兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的相關(guān)形態(tài)參數(shù);并采用電刺激方式,通過高速攝像機(jī)獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的影像資料,分析計(jì)算后獲得快速啟動(dòng)相關(guān)參數(shù),以揭示不同水流生境的兩種魚類尾鰭在快速啟動(dòng)過程中的作用,考查恢復(fù)生長情況及相關(guān)功能的變化。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的來源及馴化
寬鰭鱲捕捉于野外,鯽魚購于重慶市北碚區(qū)歇馬鎮(zhèn)養(yǎng)殖場。將兩種魚放入實(shí)驗(yàn)室自凈化循環(huán)控溫水槽(1.2 m × 0.55 m × 0.55 m,實(shí)際水量250 L)馴養(yǎng)2周,期間以曝氣后的自來水作為實(shí)驗(yàn)用水,日換水量約為總水體的10%,馴化溫度為(25 ± 0.5)℃,光照周期為14 L: 10 D,溶氧水平 ≥ 7 mgO2/L,每天用商業(yè)顆粒餌料飽足投喂實(shí)驗(yàn)魚1次。馴養(yǎng)結(jié)束后,分別挑選身體健康、體重和體長接近的兩種鯉科魚各16尾作為實(shí)驗(yàn)魚,實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體重和體長情況如表1。
表1 兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚不同實(shí)驗(yàn)組的體重和體長(平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤, n=8)Table 1 Body mass and body length of different groups of pale chub and crucian carp
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方案
隨機(jī)選取兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚各16尾,其中8尾分別進(jìn)行尾鰭切除、20 d恢復(fù)生長、再次切除處理,另外8尾作為對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組的左側(cè)位照片獲取形態(tài)參數(shù);首次切除處理后的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚分別放回水體恢復(fù)2 d[19],拍攝整個(gè)快速啟動(dòng)過程并計(jì)算兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)指標(biāo);隨后進(jìn)行20 d的恢復(fù)生長,20 d后分別測量并計(jì)算兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚尾鰭形態(tài)參數(shù)及快速啟動(dòng)指標(biāo);最后將恢復(fù)尾鰭再次切除,并測量快速啟動(dòng)相關(guān)指標(biāo)。實(shí)驗(yàn)魚進(jìn)行尾鰭切除操作時(shí)均采用氨基甲酸乙酯(MS-222,50 mg/L)進(jìn)行麻醉處理。
1.3 形態(tài)參數(shù)測量與計(jì)算
采用軟件(tpsDig2)分析兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的左側(cè)位照片,獲取兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的基礎(chǔ)形態(tài)指標(biāo)。通過公式計(jì)算兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的相關(guān)形態(tài)參數(shù)。
魚體細(xì)度比(FR):
FR=L/H
(1)
式中,L表示魚體體長,H表示魚體體高。
尾鰭縱橫比(AR):
AR=h2/S尾
(2)
式中,h表示尾鰭高度,S尾表示尾鰭面積。
尾鰭指數(shù)(FI):
FI=S尾/L2
(3)
式中,S尾表示尾鰭面積,L表示魚體體長。
尾鰭相對(duì)面積S相對(duì)尾:
S相對(duì)尾=S尾/(S尾+S側(cè))
(4)
1.4 快速啟動(dòng)相關(guān)參數(shù)測量與計(jì)算
采用已報(bào)道方法[20-21]對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)過程進(jìn)行測定,采用軟件(tpsDig2)分析圖片并獲取實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的質(zhì)心坐標(biāo)。用Excel(2003)處理采集的坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),求得兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)的最大線速度(Vmax)、移動(dòng)距離(d)和質(zhì)心旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑(Tr)。Tr的計(jì)算公式為[22]:
Tr=D/2cos[(π-θ)/2]
(5)
式中,D為相鄰圖片質(zhì)心的移動(dòng)距離;θ為相鄰兩個(gè)質(zhì)心坐標(biāo)的向量夾角。由于質(zhì)心旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑隨魚體體長成比例增加[6],因此采用旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑與體長的比值來求得魚體的相對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑(RTr)。彎曲指數(shù)(BC)為實(shí)驗(yàn)魚在快速啟動(dòng)第一階段末的最大彎曲度,用來反映魚類提供給快速啟動(dòng)第二階段推力的大小[23],它的計(jì)算公式為[24]:
BC= 1 -CL/L
(6)
式中,BC表示快速啟動(dòng)第一階段末魚體彎曲系數(shù);CL表示快速啟動(dòng)第一階段末魚體吻段到尾端的長;L表示魚體體長。
1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理
實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用Excel(2003)進(jìn)行常規(guī)計(jì)算,采用SPSS(17.0)軟件將每種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚各處理組的快速啟動(dòng)參數(shù)和兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的形態(tài)參數(shù)進(jìn)行t-檢驗(yàn),單因素、雙因素方差分析;統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)值以平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(Mean ± SE)表示,顯著性水平規(guī)定為P<0.05。
2.1 不同水流生境中的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚相關(guān)形態(tài)參數(shù)及恢復(fù)生長后的變化
寬鰭鱲的FR顯著高于鯽魚(P<0.001)(表2,圖1),鯽魚的尾鰭面積和FI均顯著大于寬鰭鱲(P<0.01)。經(jīng)過20 d的恢復(fù)生長兩種魚的AR和FI均顯著低于切除前(P<0.001),其中寬鰭鱲和鯽魚尾鰭面積分別恢復(fù)至原面積的62.60%和64.66%。
表2 魚種和尾鰭處理對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚形態(tài)參數(shù)的影響(平均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤,n=8)Table 2 The effects of fish species and treatment on the morphological parameters of pale chub and crucian carp
*同一行數(shù)值間差異顯著(P< 0.05)
圖1 寬鰭鱲和鯽魚尾鰭完整、尾鰭切除及20 d尾鰭恢復(fù)照片F(xiàn)ig.1 The photos of caudal-fin-intact, caudal-fin-lost and 20d-regenerated pale chub and crucian carp
圖2 尾鰭切除對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)最大線速度(Vmax)、移動(dòng)距離(d)、相對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑(TRr)和彎曲指數(shù)(BC)的影響(平均值 ± 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤, n=8)Fig.2 The effect of caudal fin loss on maximum linear velocity (Vmax), moving distance (d), relative turning radius (TRr) and bending coefficient (BC) of fast-start process in pale chub and crucian carp
2.2 尾鰭切除對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的影響
兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)Vmax、d、RTr和BC均無顯著差異(圖2)。尾鰭切除后,兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)的Vmax、d和RTr均顯著下降(P< 0.01),其中寬鰭鱲Vmax、d和TRr的下降幅度分別為24%、33%和62%,鯽魚的下降幅度分別為39%、42%和65%;尾鰭切除后兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的BC與正常組相比均無顯著差異(圖2)。
2.3 尾鰭恢復(fù)生長及其對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的影響
經(jīng)過20 d的恢復(fù)生長,寬鰭鱲和鯽魚的快速啟動(dòng)Vmax、d、RTr和BC與經(jīng)過20 d生長的正常組相比均無顯著差異(圖3)。寬鰭鱲恢復(fù)組的Vmax和d基本恢復(fù)完全,RTr恢復(fù)至正常組的89%,鯽魚恢復(fù)組的Vmax、d和RTr分別恢復(fù)至正常組的97%、85%和98%。
圖3 20 d的恢復(fù)生長和尾鰭再次切除對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)最大線速度(Vmax)、移動(dòng)距離(d)、相對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑(TRr) 和彎曲指數(shù)(BC)的影響(平均值 ± 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤,寬鰭鱲正常組n=7,其余均n=8)Fig.3 The 20 d-recovery and caudal fin re-amputation on maximum linear velocity (Vmax), moving distance (d), relative turning radius (TRr) and bending coefficient (BC) in pale chub and crucian carp
2.4 尾鰭再次切除對(duì)兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù)的影響
尾鰭再次切除后,寬鰭鱲快速啟動(dòng)Vmax、d和RTr與恢復(fù)組相比均顯著下降(圖3)(P<0.05),而BC卻顯著上升(P= 0.042),鯽魚僅Vmax呈現(xiàn)顯著下降(圖3),寬鰭鱲和鯽魚Vmax的下降幅度分別為14.72%和14.62%;與經(jīng)過20 d生長的正常組相比,鯽魚快速啟動(dòng)Vmax和d呈現(xiàn)顯著下降(P<0.05),寬鰭鱲和鯽魚Vmax的下降幅度分別9%和17%,寬鰭鱲的BC顯著增加(P= 0.046),而鯽魚的BC有所增加,但不顯著(圖3)。
3.1 尾鰭對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響
一般認(rèn)為尾鰭面積的缺失使魚體向前的加速能力降低[9,12]。尾鰭部分切除或全部切除會(huì)導(dǎo)致鳊魚(Parabramispekinensis)、金魚(Carassiusauratus)、鯉魚(Cyprinuscarpio)和中華倒刺鲃(Spinibarbussinensis)有氧持續(xù)游泳能力下降[16,25];雄性食蚊魚(Gambusiaholbrooki)在天敵追捕下的無氧爆發(fā)游泳速度也會(huì)隨著尾鰭面積的減小而顯著降低[12]。有關(guān)尾鰭對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的研究鮮有報(bào)道,僅在虹鱒(Salmogardneri)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)奇鰭被不同程度切除后,實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的快速啟動(dòng)能力顯著下降且與切除面積呈正相關(guān)[26]。本研究的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚尾鰭切除后快速啟動(dòng)能力均顯著下降(圖2),可見尾鰭在兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚的快速啟動(dòng)能力方面起到重要作用。由于水流環(huán)境的不同使本研究的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚體型產(chǎn)生很大差異,它們的尾鰭相對(duì)面積卻十分接近。然而在尾鰭缺失后,鯽魚的Vmax下降幅度為39%而寬鰭鱲僅下降24%,表明鯽魚的尾鰭在快速啟動(dòng)游泳中起的作用更大。鯽魚尾鰭在快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的作用較大可能與其生存的水環(huán)境及由此適應(yīng)性進(jìn)化所形成的扁平的體型有關(guān)。
魚類逃逸反應(yīng)的成功不僅與最大線速度有關(guān),還與魚類快速啟動(dòng)過程的靈活性有關(guān)。RTr是評(píng)價(jià)魚類快速啟動(dòng)靈活性的重要指標(biāo)[27],半徑越小則魚類逃逸的靈活性越高。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),尾鰭切除后兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚快速啟動(dòng)的RTr顯著下降(圖2),出現(xiàn)靈活性明顯增加的現(xiàn)象。表明這兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚尾鰭缺失后,最大速度的下降導(dǎo)致逃逸策略向靈活性增加的方向改變。
3.2 恢復(fù)生長對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響
鰭缺失后魚類通過組織的增生進(jìn)行恢復(fù)生長[18],以盡快消除產(chǎn)生的不利影響。剽鱸(Etheostomaedwini)右胸鰭或尾鰭半葉進(jìn)行切除后,兩個(gè)月后缺失部分可完全恢復(fù)生長至初始大小[17]。盡管尾鰭對(duì)兩種魚快速啟動(dòng)能力影響不同,本研究的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚尾鰭恢復(fù)生長速度卻沒有顯著差異(經(jīng)過20 d的恢復(fù)生長尾鰭面積恢復(fù)至切除前的62%—64%)。盡管本研究的兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚尾鰭面積沒有完全恢復(fù),但它們的快速啟動(dòng)運(yùn)動(dòng)能力卻得到了全面恢復(fù)(圖3)。另外,尾鰭再次切除后與經(jīng)過20 d生長的正常組相比,寬鰭鱲和鯽魚的快速啟動(dòng)的Vmax下降幅度(9%和17%)均小于初次尾鰭切除后(24%和39%),由此推論除恢復(fù)尾鰭面積作用以外,兩種實(shí)驗(yàn)魚還可能存在其他方面的功能補(bǔ)償,如尾鰭縱橫比的顯著降低(表2),生理生化功能的顯著增強(qiáng)(肌纖維變粗),運(yùn)動(dòng)姿態(tài)的更加協(xié)調(diào)等。更為有趣的是,盡管本研究寬鰭鱲和鯽魚尾鰭(60%)和快速啟動(dòng)能力(100%)的恢復(fù)速度相似,然而鯽魚尾鰭再次切除后快速啟動(dòng)Vmax下降幅度(17%)大于寬鰭鱲(9%),表明寬鰭鱲其他方面的功能補(bǔ)償作用更大。尾鰭切除后在快速啟動(dòng)能力的行為補(bǔ)償方面彎曲指數(shù)是一個(gè)常常被關(guān)注的指標(biāo),通常認(rèn)為彎曲指數(shù)的增加有助于提高動(dòng)物的快速啟動(dòng)能力[23-24]。蜥蜴(Euryceabislineata)成體通過增加彎曲指數(shù)來補(bǔ)償因變態(tài)導(dǎo)致推力的降低[24];鳊魚、鯉魚和中華倒刺鲃在尾鰭半切除和全切除后,通過增大擺幅(彎曲指數(shù)增加)來彌補(bǔ)尾鰭切除造成的不利影響[16,25]。本研究顯示,尾鰭再次切除后寬鰭鱲的彎曲指數(shù)與經(jīng)過20 d生長的正常組相比呈顯著上升(P= 0.046),而鯽魚的卻無顯著變化(圖3),表明寬鰭鱲尾鰭恢復(fù)生長后存在著明顯的行為補(bǔ)償現(xiàn)象。
尾鰭作為主要運(yùn)動(dòng)器官對(duì)魚類的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力具有重要作用。生活開闊水體中的鯽魚體型更趨側(cè)扁,尾鰭對(duì)快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的作用更大;而生活在激流環(huán)境中的寬鰭鱲體型則更趨細(xì)長的流線型,尾鰭恢復(fù)生長后的快速啟動(dòng)能力表現(xiàn)出更明顯的補(bǔ)償現(xiàn)象,其中行為補(bǔ)償可能具有較大的權(quán)重。
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The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on fast-start performance in juveniles of two cyprinid fish species
YAN Dongjuan, CAO Zhendong, FU Shijian*
LaboratoryofEvolutionaryPhysiologyandBehaviour,ChongqingKeyLaboratoryofAnimalBiology,ChongqingNormalUniversity,Chongqing401331,China
Swimming performance is an important capacity for fish species because it is closely related to the ability to gain food, to predator avoidance and to other daily activities. As an important locomotive organ for most fish species, the caudal fin plays a crucial role in propelling and guiding fish during swimming and thus the shape, size and stiffness of the caudal fin are all expected to strongly affect swimming performance. In nature, the caudal fins of fish species are frequently lost to some extent by aggressive behaviour, predation and diseases. To investigate the effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on fast-start performance of crucian carp (Carassiusauratus, inhabiting in still water) and pale chub (Zaccoplatypus, inhabiting in rip current), 16 juveniles of both crucian carp (body length, (6.27 ± 0.04) cm) and pale chub (body length, (6.14 ± 0.12) cm) were allocated to two groups, respectively. One group (8 fish for each treatment) for the treatment of caudal-fin-amputation-regeneration (20 days) and re-amputation, the other group (8 fish for each treatment) for control. The movement of each fish was recorded by a high-speed camera after an electric stimulation for the analysis of fast-start parameter. Furthermore, the morphological parameters such as body length (L), body height (H), fitness ratio (FR), caudal fin aspect ratio (AR), relative caudal fin area ratio and caudal fin index (FI) in the two cyprinid fish species were measured. The experimental water temperature was maintained at (25.0 ± 0.5)℃. The results showed that the crucian carp showed a significant lowerFRand higherFIthan pale chub (P< 0.01), but the maximum linear velocity (Vmax), escape distance (d), relative turning radius (TRr) and bending coefficient (BC) showed no significant difference between the two cyprinid fish species. TheVmax,dandTRrduring fast-start process of both fish species decreased significantly after caudal fin loss (P< 0.01), with theVmaxof crucian carp decreased by 39% while that of pale chub decreased by 24% after caudal fin loss. After 20 days′ recovery, the areas of caudal fin of both fish species recovered about 60% those of the caudal-fin-intact fish. However, theVmax,d,RTrandBCof both caudal-fin-regenerated crucian carp and pale chub showed no significant difference compared with those of the control groups, respectively. Compared to the caudal-fin-intact fish, the decrease ofVmaxof crucian carp and pale chub after the second amputation (17% and 9%) was smaller than the first amputation (39% and 24%). The decrease ratio between the first and the second caudal fin amputation in crucian carp was larger than that of pale chub. However, the bending coefficient (BC) of pale chub increased significantly after the second caudal fin amputation compared with those of fin-intact group (P= 0.046). The results indicated that (1) the caudal fin of crucian carp played a more important role than that of pale chub during fast-start movement; and (2) the pale chub which prefer to rip current habitat showed more significant functional compensation after 20 days′ recovery.
caudal-fin-amputation; regeneration; cyprinids; fast-start swimming performance; habitat
國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31172096); 重慶市自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(cstc2013jjB20003); 重慶市教委科研項(xiàng)目(KJ130624)
2013-05-17;
日期:2014-04-25
10.5846/stxb201305171097
*通訊作者Corresponding author.E-mail: shijianfu9@hotmail.com
閆東娟,曹振東,付世建.尾鰭缺失和恢復(fù)生長對(duì)不同生境的兩種鯉科魚類快速啟動(dòng)游泳能力的影響.生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào),2015,35(6):1947-1954.
Yan D J, Cao Z D, Fu S J.The effects of caudal fin loss and regeneration on fast-start performance in juveniles of two cyprinid fish species.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(6):1947-1954.