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1. experience
作名詞時意為“經(jīng)驗;體驗;經(jīng)歷;閱歷”。作動詞時意為“親身參與;親身經(jīng)歷;感受;發(fā)現(xiàn)”。
常見搭配有:
achieve experience 獲得經(jīng)驗
add to ones experience 增長經(jīng)驗
afford experience 提供經(jīng)驗
face experience 面對經(jīng)歷
forget experience 忘記經(jīng)歷
get experience 獲得經(jīng)驗
have experience 有經(jīng)驗
improve ones experience 增進(jìn)經(jīng)驗
know by experience 從經(jīng)驗中懂得
learn from experience 從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)到
live ones experience 體驗?zāi)橙说母惺?/p>
common experience 共同的經(jīng)歷
personal experience 親身經(jīng)歷
private experience 個人經(jīng)驗
learning experience 學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗
teaching experience 教學(xué)經(jīng)驗
working experience 工作經(jīng)驗
according to ones experience 根據(jù)經(jīng)驗
by experience 憑經(jīng)驗
from experience 憑經(jīng)驗
例如:
Did you experience an earthquake?你經(jīng)歷過地震嗎?
【中考鏈接】
—Mrs. Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.
—She said she would never forget some pleasant ______ while working there. (2011湖北黃岡)
A. experiments B. expressions
C. experiences D. emotions
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)句意“她說他將永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記她在那兒工作的愉快經(jīng)歷?!眅xperience當(dāng)經(jīng)歷講時可數(shù)。故選C。
2. cause
作名詞用時意為“原因;動機;(某種行為、感情等的)理由;緣故”。
作動詞用時意為“成為……的原因;導(dǎo)致;引起;使遭受”。
常見搭配有:
cause an accident 造成事故
cause diseases 引起疾病
cause great pain 引起劇痛
cause much discussion 引起議論
cause ones death 導(dǎo)致死亡
cause trouble to sb. 給某人引起麻煩
cause suddenly 忽然引起
cause unavoidably 難免帶來
cause by 由……造成
例如:
Smoking can cause many diseases. 吸煙會導(dǎo)致多種疾病。
【中考鏈接】
Every year driving after drinking wine ______ a lot of traffic accidents. (2011四川內(nèi)江)
A. happens B. provides
C. causes
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。happen發(fā)生,前面是發(fā)生的事情;provide提供;cause引起,前面是原因,后面是結(jié)果。根據(jù)句意, 每年酒后駕車引起大量交通事故。故選C。
3. energy
意為“能量;活力;精力;精神”等。
例如:
Young people are always full of energy.年輕人總是精力旺盛。
【中考鏈接】
Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _______. (2012河南)
A. knowledge B. energy
C. change D. courage
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞的辨析。knowledge意為“知識”;energy意為“能量;活力”,change意為“變化”;courage意為“勇氣”。根據(jù)句意“詹妮弗每天做很多運動她總是充滿能量”,可知答案選B。
4. voice, sound與noise
(1) voice作名詞,意為“說話聲;聲音”,強調(diào)人發(fā)出的比較動聽的聲音。
例如:
She spoke to her mother in a soft voice.
與“聲音”相關(guān)的詞語還有noise和sound。
(2) noise作名詞,指“噪音;聲音”,強調(diào)人或事物發(fā)出比較嘈雜的聲音。
例如:
Dont make any noise in class.
(3) sound作名詞,表示“聲音”,指所有的聲音,既包括voice,也包括noise。作動詞時,還可以表示“聽起來”,后接形容詞、名詞、介詞短語做表語。
例如:
She has a sweet voice.
It sounds great.
There is lots of noise in the street.
【中考鏈接】
—Listen, the music _______ sweet.
—Its Yesterday Once More, my favorite.
(2012福建福州)
A. sounds B. smells
C. feels
【答案】A
【解析】本題考查系動詞用法。sound“聽起來”;smell“聞起來”;feel“感覺”。句意為“聽,這音樂聽起來很甜美”。只有sound具有“聽起來”的意思,故選A。
5. prefer
(1) prefer sth. 更喜歡某事
例如:
I prefer English.
(2) prefer doing / to do sth. 寧愿做某事
例如:
I prefer sitting / to sit.
(3) prefer sth. to sth. 同……相比更喜歡……
例如:
I prefer dogs to cats.
(4) prefer doing to doing 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
例如:
I prefer walking to sitting.
(5) prefer to do rather than do 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
例如:
I prefer to work rather than be free.
【中考鏈接】
—I like the program Man and Nature.
—But I _______ Sports News. (2012湖北荊州)
A. prefer B. want
C. choose D. miss
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)對話“——我喜歡人與自然的節(jié)目?!俏腋矚g體育新聞”。故選A。
6. offer
(1) offer v. 給予,主動提供;出價,開價
offer to do sth. / offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.
offer sb. sth. for money 要價
offer sb some money for sth. 出價
例如:
We offered him the house for 100,000 dollars.
We offered him 100,000 dollars for the house.
(2) offer n. 提供;提議
例如:
a job offer 一個工作機會
thanks for your offer of help 謝謝你提供的幫助
take an offer 接受提議
【中考鏈接】
—The little girl ______ her seat to an old man on the bus.
—What a kind girl?。?011山東泰安)
A. brought B. offered
C. gave D. lent
答案:B
【解析】考查動詞辨析。brought是“帶來”的意思;offered是“提供” 的意思;gave 是“把某物給某人”;lent是“借給某人”。根據(jù)句意“小女孩把她的座位給了老人”,可知答案選B。
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1. deal with
意為“惠顧; 與……交易;應(yīng)付; 對待”。
例如:
Do you deal with the phone opening service here? 你們辦理電話開戶業(yè)務(wù)嗎?
【中考鏈接】
—Many students dont know how to ______ stress and become worried.
—I think theyd better ask their teachers for help. (2010江蘇南京)
A. argue with B. deal with
C. quarrel with D. come up with
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:很多學(xué)生不知道如何應(yīng)對壓力而變得憂慮。正確答案為B。
2. complain about
意為“抱怨……”。
例如:
The neighbours always complain about the noise. 鄰居們總是抱怨噪音問題。
【中考鏈接】
More and more students ______ too much homework and they are really tired of it.
(2012江西)
A. complain about B. care about
C. learn about D. hear about
【答案】A
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。complain about“抱怨”;care about “關(guān)心,照顧”; learn about “學(xué)習(xí)”;hear about“聽說”。根據(jù)句意“越來越多的學(xué)生抱怨有太多的作業(yè),他們真的很累”。 正確答案為A。
3. make up
意為“組成;補足;彌補;編造”。
例如:
Make up dialogues according to the following situa-
tions. 按所給場景編對話。
【中考鏈接】
—What will they do to deal with the accident?
—Ten doctors and five nurses have _______ a medical team and will start out right now. (2010湖北咸寧)
A. worked out B. made up
C. helped out D. belonged to
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:十名醫(yī)生和五名護士組建一支醫(yī)療隊,馬上出發(fā)。正確答案為B。
4. remind sb. of sb. / sth.
remind sb. of sb. / sth. 意為“使人回想起或意識到某人或某事物”。
其他短語:
remind oneself + 從句,意為“提醒自己……”
remind sb. to do sth. 意為“提醒(某人)注意某事或做某事”;remind sb. + 從句,意為“提醒某人有……”。
例如:
This reminded me of my days in this school.
Please remind me to get up at six tomorrow.
Dont forget to remind him that I would be at his home this evening.
【中考鏈接】
I like these photos and they can _______ me _______ the life living in the countryside.
A. think; of B. remind; of
C. let; down D. wake; up
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。think of“想出”;remind of “使……想起”;let down“使……失望”;wake up“叫醒”。根據(jù)句意“我喜歡這些照片,它們讓我想起了鄉(xiāng)村生活”,故選B。
5. worry about與be worried about
(1) worry about中的worry是動詞,強調(diào)動作。
例如:
I worry about my uncle.
(2) be worried about中的worried是形容詞,強調(diào)的是狀態(tài)。be worried構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如:
Im worried about my little brother.
【中考鏈接】
Harriet is lost and her parents are really _______ her. (2011江西)
A. interested in B. afraid of
C. busy with D. worried about
【答案】D
【解析】短語辨析 interested in “對……感興趣”;afraid of “恐怕;害怕”;busy with“忙于做……”worried about“對……擔(dān)心焦慮”。句意為:Harriet丟了,她的父母真的很擔(dān)心她。正確答案為D。
6. let sb. down
意為“讓某人失望”。
例如:
He has never let me down.
【中考鏈接】
—Mei will represent our class in the English Speech Contest.
—She is clever and can speak English really well. She will not _______.
(2011湖北黃岡)
A. knock into us B. care about us
C. let us down D. help us out
【答案】C
【解析】考查短語辨析。句意為:梅很聰明并且英語說得好。她不會讓我們失望的。正確答案為C。
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1. by的用法
(1) by作介詞,意為“通過……方法或途徑”。by后面可以加名詞或動名詞短語。by + doing意為“通過……方式”。
例如:
by studying with a group
by 還可以表示“在……旁;附近”;“在……期間”;“用”;“經(jīng)過”;“乘車”等意。
例如:
I live by the river.
I have to go back by ten oclock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to the park by bus.
The house was destroyed by fire.
I study English by watching English movies.
travel by air / land / sea 航空 / 陸路 / 航海旅行
go by train / boat / bus 乘火車 / 船 / 公共汽車去
shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手(相當(dāng)于shake hands with sb.)
(2) 我們已經(jīng)學(xué)過by的一些用法,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下:
① 在……旁邊;附近
例如:
There is a power station by the river.
② 沿著;經(jīng)由
例如:
come by the highway 由公路來
③ 由于
例如:
by mistake 由于差錯
④ 被;由
例如:
some articles written by Luxun 一些由魯迅寫的文章
⑤ 逐個;逐批
例如:
one by one 一個接一個
【中考鏈接】
—How do you learn English words?
—_______ making flashcards. (2012貴州六盤水)
A. To B. By
C. For D. With
【答案】B
【解析】考查介詞的用法。句意為“你怎么樣學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞的?”“通過做抽認(rèn)卡”。by 意為“通過某種方式”,故選B。
2. 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
(1) 語態(tài)是英語動詞的一種形式,是用于表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)(active voice)和被動語態(tài)(passive voice)兩種。
主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。
例如:
Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.
被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
例如:
A sound of piano is heard in the hall.
(2) 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化
① 在被動語態(tài)的句子中,謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是be + vt.p.p.(及物動詞過去分詞)。
被動語態(tài)通常為八種時態(tài)的被動形式。以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:
a. 一般現(xiàn)在時 am / is / are + done
b. 現(xiàn)在完成時 has / have been done
c. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am / is / are being done
d. 一般過去時 was / were done
e. 過去完成時 had been done
f. 過去進(jìn)行時 was / were being done
g. 一般將來時 shall / will be done
h. 過去將來時 should / would be done
② 一般來說,能用主動語態(tài)的時候就盡量不去用被動語態(tài),只有在下列情況中我們才用被動語態(tài):
a. 當(dāng)我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者的時候,例如:My car has been moved!
b. 當(dāng)我們不必提出動作的執(zhí)行者的時候,例如:I was born in 1960.
c. 當(dāng)我們強調(diào)或側(cè)重動作的承受者的時候,例如:She is liked by everybody.
③ 特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)
a. 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu),它的固定句式為“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”。也有個別帶to的情態(tài)動詞例外,如:ought to和have to,它們的被動結(jié)構(gòu)就只能在不定式中。
例如:
The debt must be paid off before next month.
The debt has to be paid off before next month.
b. 帶有兩個賓語的主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。
give sb. sth., send sb. sth., buy sb. sth.。也可以說give sth. to sb., send sth. to sb., buy sth. for sb.。
例如:
She sent me a novel on my birthday.
I was sent a novel on my birthday.
A novel was sent to me on my birthday.
c. 關(guān)于帶有復(fù)合賓語的主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)。
例如:
The story made us laugh. (賓語補足語)
We were made to laugh by the story. (主語補足語)
d. 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補足語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要加to。
例如:
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
e. It is said that + 從句及其他類似句型。
一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It + be + 過去分詞 + that從句”或“主語 + be + 過去分詞 + to do sth.”。如:It is said / reported / believed / thought / suggested that ... 據(jù)說;據(jù)報道;大家相信;大家認(rèn)為;據(jù)建議。It is hoped that ... 大家希望。It is well known that ... 眾所周知。
f. 某些動詞形式是主動語態(tài),但含有被動的意思。
例如:
This dictionary sells well.
This kind of car drives fast.
The woolen sweater costs $ 88.
(類似的詞還有wash, read, happen, take place等)
【中考鏈接】
—Do you like reading books?
—Yes. Each of us _______ to do more reading in and after class. (2012江蘇泰州)
A. are encouraged B. encourage
C. is encouraged D. is encouraging
【答案】C
【解析】考查被動語態(tài),我們每個人被鼓勵課后多讀書,each做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,故選C。
3. 情態(tài)動詞
(1) can (could)
① 表示能力,could主要指過去時間。
例如:
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read before she went to school?
② 表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上)。
例如:
He cant / couldnt have enough money for a new car.
You cant smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
③ 表示允許。
例如:
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room.
④ 表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
例如:
Where can / could they have gone to?
How can you be so careless?
⑤ 比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
例如:
Can / Could you lend me a hand?
Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.
【中考鏈接】
—Can I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, you _______. (2011湖南湘西)
A. can B. must
C. should
答案:A
【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞上句用can問,再用can進(jìn)行回答,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時用“be + 現(xiàn)在分詞”,所以選擇答案A。
(2) may (might)
① 表允許。might可以指過去時間,也可指現(xiàn)在時間,語氣更委婉。
例如:
You may take whatever you like.
May / Might I ask for a photo of your baby?
在回答以may引導(dǎo)的問句時,多避免用這個詞,而用其他方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont. / Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等。
② 表可能(事實上)??梢灾高^去時間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時間,但語氣更加不肯定。
例如:
He may be at home.
She may not know about it.
【中考鏈接】
—Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation?
—Not yet. We _______ go to Qingdao. It is a good place for vacation. (2011山東威海)
A. may B. should
C. need D. must
答案:A
【解析】情態(tài)動詞辨析。may意為“可能;可以”,表示猜測時,把握性不大;should意為“應(yīng)該”;need指“需要”;must為“必須;可能;一定”,表猜測時把握性較大。由答語句意“還沒定下來”和“(青島)是個度假的好地方”可知為“可能”,故選A。
(3) must
① 表示義務(wù)。意為“必須”(主觀意志)。
例如:
We must do everything step by step.
—Must we hand in our exercise books now?
—No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.
② 表示揣測。意為“想必;準(zhǔn)是;一定”等,只用于肯定句。
例如:
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
③ mustnt 表示“不允許”。
例如:
We mustnt talk loudly here.
【中考鏈接】
—Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum?
—No, you _______. But you have to come back before ten oclock. (2011四川內(nèi)江)
A. neednt B. cant
C. mustnt
答案:A
【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞。must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,否定回答是neednt或dont have to,意為“不需要”。故選A。
1. 有關(guān)英語學(xué)習(xí)方法的問與答:
運用特殊疑問句:
—How do you study English? (你是怎樣學(xué)英語的?)
—I study by listening to cassettes. (聽錄音帶。)
—By studying with a group. (和小組一起學(xué)習(xí)。)
—By watching English programs on TV. (看英語電視節(jié)目。)
—By enjoying English songs. (聽英文歌。)
—By taking part in English classes after school. (上課外英語班。)
—By getting an English tutor. (請英語家教。)
—By reading English magazines and newspaper. (讀英文雜志、報紙。)
—By surfing the Internet. (網(wǎng)上沖浪。)
—By making flashcards. (制作單詞認(rèn)讀卡片。)
—By reading the textbook. (讀教科書。)
—By asking the teacher for help. (請教老師。)
—By making vocabulary lists. (列單詞表。)
—By taking notes carefully. (認(rèn)真記筆記。)
—By having the English class carefully. (認(rèn)真上課。)
—By finishing my homework seriously. (認(rèn)真完成作業(yè)。)
運用一般疑問句:
—Do you learn English by ...? (你是……學(xué)英語的嗎?)
運用完成時態(tài):
—Have you ever studied with a group? (你有小組學(xué)習(xí)過嗎?)
—Yes, I have. Ive learned a lot that way. (是的,有過。通過那種方法我學(xué)到了很多。)
【中考鏈接】
—_______ do you study for a test?
—I study by working with a group. (2010湖北襄樊)
A. Where B. How
C. When D. Why
【答案】B
【解析】考查英語學(xué)習(xí)方法的問與答,應(yīng)用How提問,故選B。
2. 談?wù)撓胂蟮那榫埃?/p>
(1) —What would you do if you had a million dollars?
—Id give it to charities.
(2) —I cant sleep the night before an exam. What should I do?
—If I were you, Id take a long walk before going to bed.
【中考鏈接】
—I dont know if Aunt Li _______ these “stay-home children” tomorrow morning.
—If I _______ her, I would come earlier. (2011四川內(nèi)江)
A. will come to take care of; am
B. come to look after; were
C. will come to take care of; were
D. comes to come up with; am
【答案】C
【解析】考查虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)題意:——我不知道李阿姨明天會不會來照顧這些留守兒童?!绻沂撬視碓缫稽c兒。句中第一個if表示“是否”的意思,引導(dǎo)賓語從句。第二個if用于虛擬語氣中,從句使用過去式。故本題選C。