綽號(hào)(nickname)也叫外號(hào)(by-name),或者叫諢號(hào)(pet name),古今中外皆有。《水滸傳》(Water Margin)中英雄好漢的綽號(hào),生動(dòng)傳神(lifelike),性格形象躍然紙上(present a living image on the paper),為人物增色不少(add much color to),如“及時(shí)雨”(Timely Rain)、“智多星”(Star Master Mind)、“黑旋風(fēng)”(Black Whirlwind)、“霹靂火”(Thunderbolt Fire)、“浪里白條”(Silver Carp in Waves)、 “母大蟲”(Female Tiger)等。魯迅作品里的“豆腐西施”(Tofu Beauty)、“假洋鬼子”(Fake Foreign Devil),趙樹理筆下的“常有理”(Never Wrong)、“彎彎繞”(Bush Beater)、“三仙姑”(Sorceress the Third),等,都給讀者留下深刻的印象。其實(shí),國外也有綽號(hào)。英國前首相Margaret Thatcher(撒切爾)被稱為“Iron Lady”(鐵娘子),Prince Charles(查爾斯王子)的綽號(hào)是“Action Man”(行動(dòng)者)。美國著名籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員Michael Jordan(喬丹)被稱為“Air Jordan”(飛人喬丹),巴西著名足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員Pele(貝利)被稱為“Football King”(球王)。當(dāng)然,自古以來老百姓也十分喜歡用綽號(hào)給官員們送雅號(hào)贊揚(yáng),例如鐵面無私的“包青天”,又如當(dāng)代的表示敬愛,如“人民公仆”(Peoples Public Servant)焦裕祿、“草帽書記”(Straw-hat Secretary)楊善洲等。反過來,用綽號(hào)給貪官“畫像”,成了諷刺貪官的一種特殊“武器”。驕奢淫逸(wallowing in luxury and pleasure)、暴戾專橫(ruthless and tyrannical)、貪贓枉法(take bribes and bend the law)等劣跡(misdeeds and evil doings),都能在綽號(hào)里得到反映,因?yàn)椤懊裥娜绯?,民意如鏡”(popular feelings and wills are like a steelyard or a mirror)。近日,媒體盤點(diǎn)了一些落馬官員的綽號(hào):安徽省原副省長王懷忠因好大喜功(have a fondness for the grandiose),浮夸成癮(be addicted to boasting),曾得到過“王三吹”(Three-Boasting Wang)的外號(hào),后來發(fā)展到喪心病狂地貪污,無惡不作(stop at no evil)被稱為“王壞種”(Downright Bastard Wang)。云南省原副省長沈培平,曾被媒體曝光在群體性事件中私自“調(diào)動(dòng)警力”,并因大拆大建、學(xué)日本語氣說話而被當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩諔蚍Q為“拆遷大佐”(Demolish Colonel)。南京市原市長季建業(yè)在任時(shí),將南京整座城市搞成一個(gè)一個(gè)大工地(construction site),被市民送上了“季挖挖”(Digger JI)“推土機(jī)市長”(Bulldozer Mayor)和“砍樹市長”(Tree-felling Mayor)等綽號(hào)。對(duì)于貪官,老百姓起的“綽號(hào)”就好比一封“舉報(bào)信”,讓其斑斑劣跡暴露無遺。▲ (本欄目供稿:陳德彰教授)