張學(xué)順
一、詞性陷阱
例1 —Many readers thought the novel wasnt worth reading.
—But the writers ______voice at the meeting replied that his characterization is weak but the stories are ______.
A. exciting;exciting B. excited;excited
C. exciting;excited D. excited;exciting
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選A,認(rèn)為修飾物就用現(xiàn)在分詞,修飾人就用過(guò)去分詞。
【分析】答案為D。英語(yǔ)中有一些表示情緒或心理的動(dòng)詞(如excite,interest,disappoint,satisfy,inspire 等),其現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞可作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞?,F(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞時(shí)意為“令人……”,而過(guò)去分詞多修飾人意為“某人怎么樣”,但是當(dāng)修飾一個(gè)人的表情或聲音時(shí),依然要用過(guò)去分詞。所以本題中第一個(gè)空應(yīng)為excited,表示激動(dòng)的嗓音。第二個(gè)空表達(dá)“令人激動(dòng)的”,用exciting。
例2 We dont care if a hunting dog smells ______,but we really dont want him to smell ______.
A. well; well B. bad; bad
C. well; badly D. badly; bad
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選B,認(rèn)為兩個(gè)smell 均為連系動(dòng)詞,后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
【分析】答案為D。句中的第一個(gè) smell 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“聞氣味”,smell badly 意為“嗅覺(jué)差”;第二個(gè) smell 為連系動(dòng)詞,意為“聞起來(lái)(有某種氣味)”,smell bad 意為“聞起來(lái)氣味難聞”。
二、結(jié)構(gòu)陷阱
例3 Which do you enjoy ______ your holiday,fishing or reading books?
A. to spend B. spent C. spending D. spends
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選C,很輕易地認(rèn)為enjoy后面跟doing作賓語(yǔ),而忽略了句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
【分析】答案為A。解此題,要考慮語(yǔ)法和結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面。命題者故意將fishing or reading books放在句末,從而增加難度。這個(gè)空實(shí)際是在考查目的狀語(yǔ),若將結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為“Which do you enjoy fishing or reading books ______ your holiday?”則容易解題。
例4 —Time should be made good use ______ our lessons well.
—Quite right,time is limited.
A. of to learn B. of learning
C. to learn D. to learning
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選B,認(rèn)為of 是介詞,其后理所當(dāng)然用doing,構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。
【分析】答案為A。一些同學(xué)將短語(yǔ)make good use of 熟記在心,將其中的名詞 use 單獨(dú)提出來(lái)用作主語(yǔ),遇到這種結(jié)構(gòu)未必能看出來(lái),所以要熟練調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu),將句子還原成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)we should make good use of time to learn our lessons well后,就不難看出to learn our lessons well在句中作目的狀語(yǔ)。
三、漢化陷阱
例5 —Jack thinks the city is ______ worth visiting.
—No kidding. He is now ______ asleep in the tour bus.
A. very;very B. much;very
C. well;very D. well;fast
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選A,因?yàn)樵S多同學(xué)往往將漢語(yǔ)中的“很”與英語(yǔ)中的 very 等同。
【分析】答案為D。漢語(yǔ)中許多“很”不能用英語(yǔ)中的 very 來(lái)直譯。因?yàn)楦痹~ very 不能用在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞前,所以不能選A。形容詞 asleep 習(xí)慣上用 sound或fast修飾,即be fast/sound asleep(熟睡)。
例6 —Tom is missing. We are eager to find him.
—It is reported that the police found him lying on the grass with his mouth ______ and eyes ______.
A. open;close B. opened;closed
C. opened;close D. open;closed
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選A,將open與close的英漢意義混淆。
【分析】答案為 D。open和 close均可用作動(dòng)詞,前者表示“開(kāi)”,后者表示“關(guān)”,是一對(duì)反義詞。但是 open 和 close 也可用作形容詞,此時(shí)前者意為“開(kāi)著的”,后者意為“接近的”“親近的”等,而并不表示“關(guān)著的”。要表示“關(guān)著的”,英語(yǔ)用 closed,即用作形容詞時(shí),open 與 closed 才是反義詞。
四、意義陷阱
例7 They belong to the same party,but they dont agree on ______.
A. everything B. something
C. anything D. nothing
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選 C,生搬硬套不定代詞用法規(guī)則:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。
【分析】答案為A。其后的not 與 everything 構(gòu)成部分否定,意為“不是一切都同意”,前后兩部分用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 連接,語(yǔ)氣通順、連貫。
例8 —What happens ______ the warring parties fail to reach an agreement?
—It becomes worse.
A. yet B. until C. if D. unless
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選 B,認(rèn)為“直到……會(huì)發(fā)生什么”。
【分析】答案為C。 if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“如果”。yet意為“然而”,until意為“直到”,表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)到until從句的動(dòng)作開(kāi)始,unless意為“如果不,除非”,與所提供的情景矛盾。
五、語(yǔ)法陷阱
例9 Most scientists agree that global warming is such a serious matter ______ all of us should pay attention to all the time.
A. that B. which C. as D. what
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選A,許多同學(xué)一看到題干中的such,再聯(lián)系到選項(xiàng)中的 that,便認(rèn)為這是考查such ... that句式。
【分析】答案為C。在such ... that 結(jié)構(gòu)中,that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,并且 that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。若在句中填入that,則句中的pay attention to缺賓語(yǔ)。選C的理由為:as 用作關(guān)系代詞,用于引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾其前的名詞matter,同時(shí) as 在定語(yǔ)從句中用作pay attention to 的賓語(yǔ)。
例10 The day we are looking forward to ______ yesterday.
A. came B. come C. coming D. comes
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選C,認(rèn)為look forward to 后面跟 doing作賓語(yǔ),適合用在任何句子中。
【分析】答案為A。 look forward to 后面跟 doing或者名詞作賓語(yǔ),同學(xué)們很熟悉,但是要放在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中就不能盲目套用了。句子主語(yǔ)the day 是look forward to的賓語(yǔ),真正缺的是謂語(yǔ),由后面的狀語(yǔ)yesterday決定用came。
六、“累贅”陷阱
例11 Mr. Smith sings songs ______,if not better than,his wife.
A. as well B. as well as
C. better than D. so well as
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選C,看不到隱含的“累贅”。
【分析】答案為B。若能排除題干中的插入語(yǔ)if not better than,則此題難度大大降低。該題考查副詞比較級(jí)的用法,as well as 意為“和……一樣好”。
例12 His new colleague as well as three others often ______ to bid for the contract on the new buildings on Monday.
A. is going B. go
C. goes D. are going
【錯(cuò)誤傾向】容易誤選D,認(rèn)為主語(yǔ)是“多個(gè)同事”。
【分析】答案為C??疾橹髦^一致和時(shí)態(tài)。as well as+ n./代詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)不影響句子的主謂關(guān)系,先排除three others這個(gè)累贅,只看主語(yǔ),即緊盯句子的主語(yǔ)his new colleague,由 often ... on Monday可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
(作者單位:山東沂南縣山大華特臥龍學(xué)校)
(責(zé)任編校/益)