On September 15， 1928， the Scottish biologist and pharmacist Fleming discovered penicillin， the discovery created a new field of antibiotics， won him 25 honorary degrees and the titles of honorary citizen of 15 cities， as well as other 140 honors， including the Nobel Prize in medicine.

The later two other scientists——Furlow and Chaine proved the medical efficacy of penicilline， and dedicated the technology to the human， ushering in an unprecedented period of antibiotics.

In 1945， Fleming， Furlow and Chaine won the Nobel Prize for medicine together. The discovery of penicillin caused human to find out a drug of strong sterilization effect， ending the times when the infectious disease is almost unable to cure； ever since then， the high tide of looking for the antimicrobial drugs started， human entered a new era of synthetic drugs.