彭文文+宋衛(wèi)武+黃茂波+譚寧華
[摘要]研究小葉臭黃皮Clausena excavata莖和葉甲醇提取物的單萜和倍半萜類成分。小葉臭黃皮莖和葉提取物的乙酸乙酯部位經(jīng)硅膠、RP-18和HPLC等色譜技術(shù)分離純化,通過理化常數(shù)和波譜數(shù)據(jù)鑒定化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。從小葉臭黃皮莖和葉中分離得到10個化合物,分別鑒定為:1個單萜,命名為excamonoterpene(1);9個倍半萜,即(6R,9S)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(2),(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one(3),(3S)-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone(4),(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone(5),(6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(6),(3S,5R)-dihydroxy-6,7-megstigmadien-9-one(7),(-)-loliolide(8),caryolane-1,9α-diol(9),2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene(10)?;衔?為1個新的單萜,2~10為首次從該種植物中分離得到。
[關(guān)鍵詞]蕓香科;小葉臭黃皮;單萜;倍半萜
小葉臭黃皮Clausena excavata Burm. f.是蕓香科Rutaceae黃皮屬植物,主要分布在越南、老撾、柬埔寨、緬甸、印度和我國南方地區(qū)[1-2]。其根、葉入藥,用于治療感冒發(fā)燒、痢疾、腸炎、尿道炎等[3]。據(jù)報道黃皮屬植物含有香豆素[4-5]、生物堿[6-8]、苯丙素[9]、四降三萜[10]、黃酮[11]等。之前已報道了小葉臭黃皮的香豆素和生物堿成分[12-13]。本文對小葉臭黃皮莖和葉的化學成分進行繼續(xù)研究,從中分離鑒定了10個單萜和倍半萜化合物,1為1個新的單萜,2~10為首次從該種植物中分離得到。
1材料
Bruker AM-400型核磁共振波譜儀;VG Autospec-3000質(zhì)譜儀;Horiba SEPA-300數(shù)字式旋光儀;Bio-Rad FTS-135紅外光譜儀;Shimadzu UV-2401A紫外光譜儀;Agilent 1100高效液相色譜儀,Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18(Agilent,9.4 mm×250 mm,2 mL·min-1)色譜柱;柱色譜硅膠(100~200,200~300目)、薄層色譜硅膠板均為青島裕民源硅膠試劑廠產(chǎn)品;反向材料Lichroprep RP-18(40~63 μm)為Merk公司產(chǎn)品;所用試劑均為化學純或分析純。
小葉臭黃皮風干的莖和葉(32 kg)于2010年采自云南省西雙版納,植物標本由中國科學院昆明植物研究所稅玉民研究員鑒定為蕓香科黃皮屬植物小葉臭黃皮C. excavata。
2提取與分離
小葉臭黃皮風干的莖和葉(32 kg),粉碎后用95%工業(yè)甲醇回流提取3次,每次35 L×3 h,減壓濃縮得到甲醇提取物。加水懸浮后,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇等體積各萃取3次(15 L×3次),回收溶劑得到石油醚部分、乙酸乙酯部分和正丁醇部分。將乙酸乙酯部分(1.1 kg)用石油醚-丙酮混合溶劑溶解吸附于等量硅膠上,在室溫下?lián)]干溶劑經(jīng)硅膠(100~200目)色譜柱分離,以石油醚-丙酮(10∶1,5∶1,4∶1,3∶1,2∶1,1∶1,0∶1)梯度洗脫,再換為氯仿-甲醇(8∶2~1∶1)。經(jīng)TLC 5%濃硫酸-無水乙醇顯色后合并為7個部分:Fr. 1~7。Fr.4(34 g)經(jīng)硅膠(200~300目)柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(5∶1~1∶2)梯度洗脫得到6個部分Fr.4-1~Fr.4-6。Fr.4-2(98 mg)經(jīng)反相RP-18色譜柱,以甲醇-水(30%~100%)梯度洗脫得到3個部分Fr.4-2-1~Fr.4-2-3。Fr.4-2-1經(jīng)HPLC分離和純化,以甲醇-水(52%)梯度洗脫得到化合物9(7 mg,tR=26 min)和3(13 mg,tR =32 min)。Fr.4-2-2經(jīng)HPLC分離和純化,以48%甲醇梯度洗脫得到化合物4(9 mg, tR =28 min)和8(12 mg,tR =35 min)。Fr.4-2-3經(jīng)HPLC分離和純化,以46%甲醇梯度洗脫得到化合物5(11 mg,tR =23 min),6(10 mg,tR =31 min)和10(8 mg,tR =37 min)。Fr.6(52 g)經(jīng)硅膠(200~300目)柱色譜,以石油醚-丙酮(5∶1,4∶1,3∶1,2∶1,1∶1,0∶1)梯度洗脫得到5個部分Fr.6-1~Fr.6-5,F(xiàn)r.6-2(1.1 g)經(jīng)反相RP-18色譜柱,以甲醇-水(30%~100%)梯度洗脫得到3個部分Fr.6-2-1~Fr.6-2-3。Fr.6-2-1(230 mg)經(jīng)HPLC分離和純化,以45%甲醇梯度洗脫得到化合物7(180 mg,tR =25 min),1(5 mg,tR =30 min)和2(11 mg,tR =38 min)。
3結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
化合物1為淡黃色油狀物;[α]24.7D -16.7(c 0.23,MeOH);UV(MeOH)λmax(lgε):208(3.97),284(2.79);IR(KBr):3 427,2 955,2 929,2 888,1 755,1 659,1 631,1 451,1 438,1 386,1 348,1 252,1 209,1 191,1 101,1 088,1 046,866 cm-1,顯示有羥基、羰基的存在;ESI-MS顯示其準分子離子峰為m/z 221[M+Na]+,結(jié)合HR-EI-MS m/z 198.089 2(M+·),計算值 198.089 2,推出分子式為C10H14O4,不飽和度Ω=4。化合物的1H-NMR譜顯示有1個不飽和質(zhì)子信號峰(δH 7.30,1H,d,J=1.2 Hz),2個甲基單峰(δH 1.87,3H,s;1.39,3H,s)。13C-NMR和DEPT顯示10個碳原子信號:1個羰基碳(δC 176.2,s),2個不飽和碳(δC 151.6,d;130.3,s),2個甲基(δC 17.0,q;10.5,q),2個亞甲基(δC 61.6,t,與氧相連;43.6,t),2個次甲基(δC 80.4,d;65.2,d;分別與氧相連)和1個季碳(δC 59.5,s,與氧相連)。結(jié)合不飽和度Ω=4推斷該化合物中還存在2個環(huán)。1H-1H COSY譜給出H-8(δH 2.94)/H-9(δH 3.75,3.59);H-5(δH 5.16)/H-4(δH 7.30),H-6(δH 1.97,1.72)相關(guān)。HMBC給出(H-9,8,6)/C-7;H-6/(C-4,8,11);H-11/(C-7,8)相關(guān),并結(jié)合1H-1H COSY譜中H-8/H-9相關(guān)和不飽和度,表明化合物中存在1個結(jié)構(gòu)片段。HMBC譜還給出H-4/(C-3,10);H-10/(C-2~4)相關(guān),以及1H-1H COSY譜中H-5/H-4相關(guān),結(jié)合Ω=4表明化合物中還存在1個結(jié)構(gòu)片段。綜合以上分析,并結(jié)合分子量和不飽和度,化合物1的結(jié)構(gòu)見圖1,命名為excamonoterpene?;衔?的2D NMR主要相關(guān)圖見圖1。
化合物11H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:7.30(1H,d,J=1.2 Hz,H-4),5.16(1H,m,H-5),3.75(1H,dd,J=12.2,4.5 Hz,H-9a),3.59(1H,dd,J=12.2,6.4 Hz,H-9b),2.94(1H,m,H-8),1.97(1H,dd,J=14.3,4.7 Hz,H-6a),1.87(3H,s,H-10),1.72(1H,dd, J=14.3,8.9 Hz,H-6b),1.39(3H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ:176.2(s,C-2),151.6(d,C-4),130.3(s,C-3),80.4(d,C-5),65.2(d,C-8),61.6(t,C-9),59.5(s,C-7),43.6(t,C-6),17.0(q,C-11),10.5(q,C-10)。
化合物2淡黃色油狀物;[α]25.9 D+75.4(c 0.23,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 249[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:5.71(1H,s,H-4),3.56(1H,br s,H-9),3.47(1H,dd,J=10.5,4.3 Hz,H-10b),3.41(1H,m,H-10a),2.36(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2b),2.00(3H,s,H-13),1.97(1H,br s,H-7b),1.95(1H,br s,H-6),1.89(1H,d,J=17.0 Hz,H-2a),1.63(1H,m,H-8b),1.48(1H,m,H-7a),1.45(1H,m,H-8a),1.06(3H,s,H-11),0.98(3H,s,H-12);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[14]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(6R,9S)-9,10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one。
化合物3淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.1D+15.3(c 0.24,MeOH),EI-MS m/z 208(M+·)。1H-NMR(CDC13,400 MHz)δ:6.54(1H,dd,J=15.8,9.9 Hz,H-7),6.10(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-8),5.63(1H,br t,J=1.3 Hz,H-4),4.26(1H,br s,H-3),2.50(1H,d,J=9.9 Hz,H-6),2.26(3H,s,H-10),1.84(1H,dd,J=13.5,5.9 Hz,H-2b),1.62(3H,s,H-13),1.39(1H,dd, J=13.5,6.9 Hz,H-2a),1.03(3H,s,H-11),0.89(3H,s,H-12);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[15-16]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one。
化合物4淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.7D -27.1(c 0.27,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 233[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:3.91(1H,m,H-3),2.45(2H,br s,H-8),2.25(2H,br s,H-7),2.13(3H,s,H-10),1.91(2H,m,H-4),1.67(1H,m,H-2b),1.58(3H,s,H-13),1.37(1H,m,H-2a),1.02(3H,s,H-11),1.00(3H,s,H-12);13C-NMR(CDC13,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[17-18]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為3S-3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionone。
化合物5淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.1D -69.8(c 0.20,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 247[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDC13,400 MHz)δ:7.06(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-7),6.27(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-8),3.89(1H,m,H-3),2.37(1H,dd,J=14.1,1.7 Hz,H-4a),2.36(3H,s,H-10),1.65(1H,dd,J=14.1,9.0 Hz,H-4b),1.61(1H,dd,J=12.7,1.7 Hz,H-2a),1.25(1H,dd,J=12.7,10.7 Hz,H-2b),1.18(3H,s,H-13),1.17(3H,s,H-12),0.97(3H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(CDC13,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[19-21]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone。
化合物6淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.1D+9.8(c 0.20,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 233[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.80(1H,s,H-4),3.82(1H,m,H-9),2.48(1H,d,J = 16.9 Hz,H-2b),1.98(1H,d,J=16.9 Hz,H-2a),1.97(1H,m,H-6),1.81(1H,m,H-7b),1.68(1H,m,H-8b),1.67(1H,m,H-7a),1.61(1H,m,H-8a),1.25(3H,d,J=6.3 Hz,H-10),1.07(3H,s,H-13),1.02(3H,s,H-12),1.09(3H,s,H-11);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[22]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one。endprint
化合物7黃色油狀物;[α]21.2D -49.9(c 0.62,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 247[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:5.83(1H,s,H-8),4.21(1H,m,H-3),2.17(1H,m,H-4a),1.93(1H,m,H-2a),1.39(1H,m,H-2b),1.38(1H,m,H-4b),2.19,1.40,1.40,1.15(各3H,-CH3×4);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[23-24]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(3S,5R)-dihydroxy-6,7-megstigmadien-9-one。
化合物8淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.3D -66.8(c 0.18,MeOH),EI-MS m/z 196(M+·)。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.70(1H,s,H-7),4.34(1H,d,J=3.7 Hz,H-3),2.48(1H,dt,J=13.9,2.6 Hz,H-4b),2.00(1H,dt,J=14.6,2.6 Hz,H-2b),1.80(1H,dd,J = 13.9,4.0 Hz,H-4a),1.79(3H,s,H-11),1.54(1H,dd,J=14.6,3.7 Hz,H-2a),1.48(3H,s,H-10),1.28(3H,s,H-9);13C-NMR(CDC13,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[25]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為(-)-loliolide。
化合物9淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.1D -4.2(c 0.22,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 261[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ:3.37(1H,m,H-9),2.42(1H,ddd,J=11.4,7.5,4.2 Hz,H-2),1.94(1H,m,H-11a),1.80(1H,m,H-10b),1.79(1H,m,H-3b),1.78(1H,m,H-12a),1.77(1H,m,H-5),1.63(1H,m,H-10a),1.57(1H,m,H-3a),1.45(1H,m,H-7b),1.38(2H,m,H-6),1.37(1H,br d,J=13.6 Hz,H-12b),1.29(1H,m,H-11b),1.12(3H,s,H-14),1.03(1H,dd,J=13.9,12.6 Hz,H-7a),0.94(3H,s,H-15),0.87(3H,s,H-13);13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[26]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為caryolane-1,9α-diol。
化合物10淡黃色油狀物;[α]21.1D -2.7(c 0.20,MeOH),ESI-MS m/z 259[M+Na]+。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.59(1H,d,J=15.9 Hz,H-10),5.55(1H,s,H-12a),5.45(1H,m,H-9),5.30(1H,s,H-13a),5.04(1H,s,H-12b),5.03(1H,s,H-13a),4.38(1H,dd, J=8.9,4.7 Hz,H-6),4.35(1H,s,H-2),3.23(1H,dd,J=13.8,7.8 Hz,H-8a),2.81(1H,dd,J=13.8,8.4 Hz,H-8b),2.27(2H,m,H-4),2.16(1H,m,H-5a),2.00(1H,dd,J=14.0,5.4 Hz,H-1a),1.93(1H,m,H-5b),1.88(1H,dd,J=14.0,2.1 Hz,H-1b),1.09(3H,s,H-14),1.01(3H,s,H-15);13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)數(shù)據(jù)見表1。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻[27]的報道一致,故鑒定該化合物為2,6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12),7(13),9(E)-triene。
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Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from Clausena excavata
PENG Wen-wen1,2,3, SONG Wei-wu2, HUANG Mao-bo2, TAN Ning-hua2*
(1.Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of
Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
3.College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)
[Abstract] To investigate monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes of the stems and leaves of Clausena excavata, an AcOEt fraction of the methanol extract was subjected on column chromatographies including silica gel and RP-18, as well as preparative HPLC. The structures of compounds isolated were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data as excamonoterpene(1),(6R, 9S)-9, 10-dihydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(2),(3R, 6R, 7E)-3-hydroxy-4, 7-megastigmadien-9-one(3),(3S)-3-hydroxy-7, 8-dihydro-β-ionone(4),(3S,5R,6S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone(5), (6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one(6),(3S, 5R)-dihydroxy-6, 7-megstigmadien-9-one(7),(-)-loliolide(8), caryolane-1,9α-diol(9) and 2, 6-dihydroxyhumula-3(12), 7(13), 9(E)-triene(10), were isolated from the stems and leaves of C. excavata. Compound 1 is a new monoterpene, named as excamonoterpene. Compounds 2-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
[Key words] Rutaceae; Clausena excavata; monoterpenes; sesquiterpenes
doi:10.4268/cjcmm20140915endprint