連世華等
一、倒裝句
英語中,為了強調(diào)句子的某一部分或者避免句子頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象,會使用倒裝句式,即將謂語動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在主語前面,構(gòu)成完全倒裝或部分倒裝。
例1 “Never for a second,” the boy says,“_______ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A. I doubted B. do I doubt
C. I have doubted D. did I doubt
解析:否定詞或否定短語位于句首,句子要部分倒裝,此處never for a second為否定短語,男孩說的是過去的事情,因此答案選D。
例2 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _______ to him again.
A. I will speak B. will I speak
C. do I speak D. I speak
解析:“only+狀語(從句)”位于句首,句子要部分倒裝,就是將助動詞或情態(tài)動詞放于主語之前,排除A、D項。根據(jù)句意可以判斷應(yīng)該是對于將來事情的敘述,要使用將來時態(tài),因此答案選B。
二、強調(diào)句
英語中,為了突出句子的某一部分,如主語(從句)、賓語(從句)、狀語(從句)等,可以利用強調(diào)句式對其進行強調(diào),結(jié)構(gòu)為:it is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that+句子的剩余部分。如果被強調(diào)部分表示人,可以用who/whom來代替that。如果對謂語動詞進行強調(diào),可以在謂語動詞前加do/does/did。
例3 It was not until I had read your letter _______ I understood the true state of affairs.
A. that B. where C. why D. when
解析:此處考查not until結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào),句中缺少連接詞that,因此答案選A。
例4 It was only after he had read the papers _______ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
解析:去掉it was 與空格后,題干可還原為:Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers.此句強調(diào)狀語從句。答案選B。
三、省略句
英語中,為了避免重復(fù),使語言簡潔明了或重點突出,可以省去某些句子成分,形成省略句。
例5 _______ small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
解析:句意為“這個公司雖然小,但是它在30多個國家有大約1 000個采購商”。此處狀語從句中的連詞后省略了句子的主語it和be動詞is。當主從句的主語相同,或從句主語為it,且從句中包含be動詞時,從句的主語和be動詞可以省略。答案選C。
四、并列句
兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。高考中??紪吮硎巨D(zhuǎn)折對比的并列連詞while以及“祈使句+ and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)用and表示順接關(guān)系,用or表示“否則”。
例6 Read this story,_______ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
解析:考查固定句型“祈使句+ and+陳述句”。此處前后兩個句子為順接關(guān)系,因此用and,相當于“If you read this story,you will realize that not everything can be bought with money”。答案選B。
例7 Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs _______ you could have problems.
A. or B. and C. but D. so
解析:考查句型“祈使句+or+陳述句”。本句中用or表示“否則”。句意為“在關(guān)閉所有的程序之前不要關(guān)閉電腦,否則你可能會有麻煩”。答案選A。
五、it作形式主語的句型
英語中,為了避免主語過長而造成頭重腳輕的現(xiàn)象,常用it作形式主語,而將作主語的不定式、動名詞或主語從句放在句末,構(gòu)成“it is+形容詞/名詞短語+to do/doing/從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。
例8 It remains to be seen _______ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
解析:題干中it作形式主語,真正的主語為空格后的主語從句。主語從句中不缺少主干成分,因此可排除B、C項?!坝写挥^察”的事情應(yīng)是不確定的事而不是表陳述,因此排除表陳述的that,應(yīng)用whether表示“是否”。答案選D。
例9 Its good to know _______ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
解析:動詞不定式是真正的主語,it作形式主語。不定式know之后為賓語從句,從句中不缺少成分,因此用that表陳述一件事,選D。
六、情態(tài)動詞表示推測的句型
英語中,常用情態(tài)動詞must,can/could,may/might表示推測。表示對現(xiàn)在的推測用“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”;表示對過去的推測用“情態(tài)動詞+have done”。另外,“情態(tài)動詞+have done”也可以表示責備語氣。
例10 —Why are your eyes so red?You _______ have slept well last night.
—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.
A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont
解析:考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測。根據(jù)語境“你的眼睛那么紅,昨晚你不可能睡得很好”可知,考查cant have done表示對過去的推測,意為“過去不可能……”,選A。
例11 —What are you doing this Saturday?
—Im not sure,but I _______ go to the Rolling Stones concert.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
解析:根據(jù)“Im not sure”可知說話者不能確定,因此使用might表示推測,表示“有可能”,答案選D。
例12 Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______ too much at the party last night.
A. could drink B. should drink
C. would have drunk D. must have drunk
解析:考查情態(tài)動詞表示對過去發(fā)生事情的推測。根據(jù)句意“哈利感覺不舒服,昨晚的聚會上他肯定喝得太多”,可知該句表示對過去發(fā)生事情的肯定推測,用must have done。答案選D。
(作者單位:甘肅臨澤縣一中)
(責任編校 筑彭益)