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膠北地體地殼演化:玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石U-Pb年齡、微量元素和Hf 同位素證據(jù)*

2014-04-13 04:24:06黃濤楊立強(qiáng)劉向東李海林張炳林王建剛趙云峰張寧
巖石學(xué)報(bào) 2014年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:環(huán)帶蘇魯鋯石

黃濤 楊立強(qiáng)** 劉向東 李海林 張炳林 王建剛 趙云峰 張寧

HUANG Tao1,YANG LiQiang1**,LIU XiangDong1,LI HaiLin1,ZHANG BingLin1,WANG JianGang2,ZHAO YunFeng2 and ZHANG Ning1

1. 中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)地質(zhì)過程與礦產(chǎn)資源國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京 100083

2. 山東黃金礦業(yè)(萊州)有限公司焦家金礦,萊州 261441

1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China

2. Jiaojia Gold Company,Shandong Gold Mining Co. ,Ltd. ,Laizhou 261441,China

2014-01-30 收稿,2014-05-20 改回.

1 引言

膠北是地殼構(gòu)造運(yùn)動(dòng)、變質(zhì)作用、巖漿活動(dòng)多旋回發(fā)育地區(qū)(楊立強(qiáng)等,2000;Deng et al.,2000,2001;Yang et al.,2006,2007a,b,2008),具有復(fù)雜的演化歷史,其中晚侏羅世巖漿活動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈,致使該期巖漿活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物——玲瓏黑云母花崗巖在本區(qū)大面積出露(圖1)。玲瓏黑云母花崗巖是過鋁質(zhì)花崗巖,為下地殼物質(zhì)部分熔融的產(chǎn)物(Zhang et al.,2010;Ma et al.,2013),因此巖石中常殘留有地殼源區(qū)物質(zhì),尤其是源區(qū)中的鋯石,因?yàn)槠涞V物學(xué)穩(wěn)定性極高,即使經(jīng)歷后期多期熱事件仍可保留,以繼承鋯石形式存在于新生巖石中。通過對(duì)鋯石進(jìn)行詳細(xì)顯微結(jié)構(gòu)研究,并測定其微量元素組成和U-Pb 定年,可以獲取不同成因繼承鋯石寄主巖石經(jīng)歷的熱事件。由于老地殼常經(jīng)歷復(fù)雜的演化歷史,因此在地殼深部往往存在外來的物質(zhì),其中的一些外來繼承鋯石同時(shí)可以為構(gòu)造重建提供重要信息。另外過鋁質(zhì)花崗巖中常含有異常老的繼承鋯石,可以為其寄主地體前寒武紀(jì)地殼提供重要信息。鋯石Hf 同位素體系很穩(wěn)定,即使在麻粒巖相變質(zhì)作用下,Hf 同位素體系仍可保持原始的Hf 同位素組成,現(xiàn)已被廣泛應(yīng)用于地殼的生長和演化的研究(Siebel et al.,2009;Geng et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2013a)。因此玲瓏黑云母花崗巖中繼承鋯石為研究其寄主地體(膠北地體)地殼演化提供了一個(gè)良好的研究對(duì)象。

前人通過對(duì)玲瓏黑云母花崗巖年代學(xué)及巖石成因研究,已獲得了大量的繼承鋯石年齡和Hf 同位素?cái)?shù)據(jù)(Wang et al.,1998;Zhang et al.,2003,2010;Yang et al.,2012;Jiang et al.,2012;Ma et al.,2013),但是并沒有對(duì)繼承鋯石進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的成因研究,也未對(duì)繼承鋯石對(duì)膠北地體地殼演化的指示意義進(jìn)行詳細(xì)討論。本文試圖通過對(duì)玲瓏黑云母花崗巖中繼承鋯石進(jìn)行U-Pb 定年和Hf 同位素分析,綜合鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)、微量元素特征,討論繼承鋯石形成環(huán)境和成因,分析其來源,然后再結(jié)合前人在玲瓏黑云母花崗巖中所獲大量的繼承鋯石年齡和Hf 同位素?cái)?shù)據(jù),確定區(qū)域上發(fā)生的熱事件,地殼生長和再造事件,為膠北地體早期的演化歷史提供依據(jù)。

2 區(qū)域地質(zhì)背景

膠北地體位于太平洋板塊西緣,華北克拉通東南緣(Deng et al.,2003a,b,2008,2009,2011;Yang et al.,2003b,2004,2009;楊立強(qiáng)等,2014a,b),西側(cè)以郯廬斷裂為界,鄰接魯西地塊,東南側(cè)以五蓮-煙臺(tái)斷裂為界,鄰接蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶(鄧軍等,2004,2010;Deng et al.,2006;Yang and Badal,2013;Yang et al.,2014c)。膠北地體前寒武紀(jì)基底主要包括太古代TTG 片麻巖和膠東巖群,古元古代荊山群、粉子山群、芝罘群和新元古代蓬萊群(圖1)。TTG片麻巖在膠北大面積出露,原巖年齡主要為~2.9Ga,~2.7Ga,~2.5Ga(Liu et al.,2013a;Jahn et al.,2008),其內(nèi)分布著呈透鏡狀或不規(guī)則脈狀的太古代-古元古代基性-超基性巖(劉平華等,2011)。膠東巖群巖性主要為黑云變粒巖、斜長角閃巖、角閃變粒巖和磁鐵石英巖(劉平華等,2013;沈其韓,2008)。膠東巖群角閃變粒巖鋯石SHRIMP 定年表明其形成于~2.5Ga(萬渝生等,2012)。荊山群不整合于TTG片麻巖和膠東巖群之上,巖性主要為黑云變粒巖、大理巖、石墨片巖等(王世進(jìn)等,2009;劉平華等,2011)。鋯石U-Pb 定年表明其沉積年限在2.2 ~1.9Ga(Wan et al.,2006;董春艷等,2010)。粉子山群與荊山群屬同時(shí)異相(紀(jì)壯義,1993),巖性為大理巖、黑云變粒巖、長石石英巖(王世進(jìn)等,2009)。芝罘群巖性為石英巖、黑云片巖、大理巖(王世進(jìn)等,2009;Liu et al.,2013b)。蓬萊群巖性為千枚巖、板巖、石英巖、大理巖、泥灰?guī)r等,角度不整合于粉子山群之上(初航等,2011)。

古生代膠北處于平穩(wěn)隆升期(Deng et al.,2003b),無這一時(shí)期的地質(zhì)體,三疊紀(jì)揚(yáng)子板塊與華北克拉通發(fā)生碰撞(Yang and Wu,2009;Liu et al.,2004),形成蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶(Tang et al.,2008a;Liu et al.,2011),同時(shí)伴有巖漿活動(dòng),而后膠北的巖漿活動(dòng)也變得異常強(qiáng)烈,詳細(xì)的鋯石U-Pb年代學(xué)研究表明膠北中生代發(fā)生以下3 期巖漿活動(dòng):晚侏羅世160 ~141Ma(Zhang et al.,2010;Ma et al.,2013),早白堊世早期132 ~123Ma(Yang et al.,2012;Wang et al.,2014;劉躍等,2014)和早白堊世晚期(118 ~111Ma)(張?jiān)罉虻龋?007;Zhang et al.,2010)。其中晚侏羅世玲瓏黑云母花崗巖在膠北廣泛分布,呈北東向分布,主要侵入前寒武紀(jì)基底巖石,與它們呈漸變過渡關(guān)系,巖體內(nèi)有大量前寒武紀(jì)基底巖石殘留體,如TTG 片麻巖,變基性巖等。

圖1 膠北地質(zhì)簡圖及采樣位置(據(jù)Yang et al.,2014c;萬渝生等,2012 修編)Fig.1 Simplified geological map of the Jiaobei terrane,with the location of the samples in this study (modified after Yang et al.,2014c;Wan et al.,2012)

3 樣品采集及分析方法

本次研究所用樣品采自望兒山金礦床-150m 和-310m中段玲瓏黑云母花崗巖,采樣位置見圖1。巖石樣品呈淺灰白色,具中細(xì)粒結(jié)構(gòu),片麻狀構(gòu)造,主要礦物成分為斜長石(20% ~30%)、鉀長石(20% ~35%)、石英(25% ~35%)以及黑云母(5% ~15%),另外有少量副礦物如鋯石、榍石(圖2)。

圖2 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖手標(biāo)本(a、b)及鏡下照片(c、d)Fig.2 Photos of specimens (a,b)and microphotographs(c,d)of the Linglong biotite graniteMineral abbreviations:Qtz-quartz;Pl-plagioclase;Kfs-K-feldspar;Bt-biotite;Zr-zircon;Spn-Sphene

圖3 代表性鋯石CL 圖像及U-Pb 定年結(jié)果Fig.3 Typical CL images of zircons and the U-Pb ages

野外觀察和室內(nèi)系統(tǒng)巖相學(xué)研究之后,選取樣品,將其破碎至80 ~100 目,經(jīng)篩選、清洗和烘干后,采用重液、電磁儀等方法分離分選出鋯石晶體;對(duì)分選后的鋯石樣品在雙目鏡下挑選出顆粒較大、形態(tài)完整、無裂痕、無包裹體的鋯石顆粒,而后粘于環(huán)氧樹脂表面,固化打磨拋光后鏡下觀察其顯微結(jié)構(gòu)并進(jìn)行透射、反射和陰極發(fā)光照相;選點(diǎn)時(shí)結(jié)合鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)特征,避開裂隙和包裹體以及不同成因的區(qū)域,以期獲得較準(zhǔn)確的年齡信息,并特意選擇具有繼承核的鋯石進(jìn)行分析。鋯石U-Pb 定年和微量元素測定在中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)地學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心激光等離子體質(zhì)譜實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成,分析儀器為美國New Wave Research Inc. 公司生產(chǎn)的UP193 SS 激光器和美國AGILENT 科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的Agilent 7500a 型四級(jí)桿等離子體質(zhì)譜儀聯(lián)合構(gòu)成的激光剝蝕電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜儀(LA-ICP-MS)。詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件、測試分析流程及數(shù)據(jù)處理方法見Song et al.(2010)和Wang et al.(2012)。

鋯石Hf 同位素測試在中國地質(zhì)科學(xué)院礦產(chǎn)資源研究所國土資源部成礦作用與資源評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室Finnigan Neptune 多接收等離子質(zhì)譜和Newwave UP213 紫外激光剝蝕系統(tǒng)(LA-MC-ICP-MS)上進(jìn)行,分析點(diǎn)與U-Pb 定年分析點(diǎn)為同一位置。詳細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件、測試分析流程及鋯石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考值見侯可軍等(2007)。

為更真實(shí)反映繼承鋯石的特點(diǎn),選取鋯石年齡不諧和度<5%的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)討論。因?yàn)橹C和度較差的鋯石通常因受后期熱事件改造而導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重鉛丟失,表面年齡并不能代表鋯石形成的年齡,且其微量元素和U-Pb 同位素體系也被破壞,不利于對(duì)繼承鋯石成因的討論,統(tǒng)計(jì)的年齡分布也沒有意義。

4 測試結(jié)果

4.1 鋯石U-Pb 年齡和微量元素特征

4.1.1 樣品WES10D214B1

圖4 樣品繼承鋯石U-Pb 諧和圖(a、c)和年齡頻率分布直方圖(b、d)Fig.4 U-Pb concordia plots (a,c)and relative probability plots of U-Pb ages (b,d)of inherited zircons from sample WES10D214B1 and WES10D228B2

所測鋯石絕大多數(shù)具核邊結(jié)構(gòu),核部鋯石通常呈他形,圓形外表,具灰色均勻的陰極發(fā)光,邊部鋯石常具震蕩環(huán)帶(圖3a-i),個(gè)別具面狀分帶(圖3j)。對(duì)25 顆鋯石分析了31個(gè)測年點(diǎn),其中3 個(gè)測點(diǎn),表面年齡為367 ±5Ma ~921 ±13Ma(對(duì)于年齡<1000Ma 的年輕鋯石采用206Pb/238U 年齡;對(duì)于>1000Ma 的鋯石則采用207Pb/206Pb 的年齡),其不諧和度大于5%(表1;圖4a,b),說明原鋯石可能受后期熱事件改造而導(dǎo)致鉛丟失,其表面年齡并不能代表鋯石形成的年齡,所以對(duì)其不予以討論。剩余28 個(gè)測點(diǎn)落在諧和線上或附近,獲得的表面年齡變化于176 ±3Ma ~2547 ±26Ma(表1;圖4a,b),根據(jù)年齡分為5 組,分別為早侏羅世(176 ±3Ma ~198 ±3Ma,6 個(gè)測點(diǎn))、晚三疊世(201 ±3Ma ~256 ±4Ma,17個(gè)測點(diǎn))、古生代(261 ±4Ma ~398 ±7Ma,4 個(gè)測點(diǎn))和新太古代晚期(2547 ±26Ma)。

早侏羅世繼承鋯石大部分具高的Th 含量和Th/U 值(表1;圖5a),Th 為34.34 ×10-6~260.7 ×10-6,Th/U 值為0.18 ~1.19,它們具典型的振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3b,c),年齡為180±3Ma ~198 ±3Ma,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土明顯富集的特點(diǎn),重稀土的分異程度較大,(Yb/Gd)N=40.6~64.7(表2),且具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6a)。具震蕩環(huán)帶、高的Th 含量和Th/U 值、Ce 的正異常、Eu 的負(fù)異常和重稀土富集等特點(diǎn)表明該組鋯石具有巖漿成因(Hoskin and Schaltegger,2003;吳元保和鄭永飛,2004)。測點(diǎn)W2141-21 年齡為176 ± 3Ma,Th 為8.66 ×10-6,含量很低,Th/U 值為0.04,可見環(huán)帶模糊(圖3a),稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),(Yb/Gd)N=164.4(表2),且具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和較明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6a),由于Th 較U、輕稀土元素較重稀土具有更大的離子半徑,在變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶作用過程中Th 和輕稀土更容易被逐出鋯石的晶格,因此變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶鋯石具有相對(duì)較低的Th 含量、Th/U 比值、重稀土分異程度大等特點(diǎn),且由于變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶作用不徹底,鋯石環(huán)帶會(huì)變得模糊(Hoskin and Black,2000;Geisler et al.,2001;吳元保和鄭永飛,2004),因此上述特點(diǎn)表明其為變質(zhì)鋯石。測點(diǎn)W2141-27(184 ±7Ma)稀土配分模式明顯不同于其他鋯石,輕稀土含量相對(duì)較低,重稀土強(qiáng)烈富集,重稀土分異程度非常大(圖6a),(Yb/Gd)N達(dá)3619,說明鋯石測點(diǎn)時(shí)可能打到富重稀土的礦物包體,所以

測試年齡可能不能代表其形成年齡。

表1 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年結(jié)果Table1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb datingresultsofinherited zirconsfromtheLinglongbiotitegranite

續(xù)表1Continued Table1

表2 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石微量元素分析結(jié)果( ×10 -6 )Table2 Traceelementcompositions( ×10 -6 ) ofinherited zirconsfromthetheLinglongbiotitegranite

續(xù)表2Continued Table2

圖5 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石Th/U 值對(duì)U-Pb 諧和年齡投圖(a)和諧和年齡頻率分布直方圖(b,不諧和度<5%)Fig.5 Th/U ratios vs. concordant U-Pb ages (a)and relative probability plots of concordant U-Pb ages (b,discordance <5%)of inherited zircons from the Linglong biotite granite

圖6 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石球粒隕石標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化稀土配分曲線(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化值據(jù)Sun and McDonough,1989)Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of inherited zircons from the Linglong biotite granite (normalization values after Sun and McDonough,1989)

三疊紀(jì)繼承鋯石中很多鋯石Th/U 值小于0.1(圖5a),無環(huán)帶且重稀土的分異程度和ΣHREE 也存在差異(圖6c),按其重稀土分異程度、ΣHREE 和Th/U 值大小和鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)分為三組:重稀土的分異程度較大,(Yb/Gd)N=29.16 ~48.46,ΣHREE 為94.8 ×10-6~464.5 ×10-6(表2),Th/U 值大于0.1,為0.14 ~0.21,Nb/Ta 值為1.37 ~6.75,呈繼承核或位于邊部具振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3d,e),年齡為212 ±4Ma ~219 ±4Ma,具Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6c),具振蕩環(huán)帶,高Th/U 值、Nb/Ta 值和ΣHREE 等表明其為巖漿鋯石;重稀土分異程度更大,(Yb/Gd)N=48.25 ~72.34,ΣHREE 稍高,為275.5 ×10-6~502.4 ×10-6(表2),但Th/U 值較低,大部分Th/U 值小于0.1,為0.01 ~0.20,Nb/Ta 值為0.22 ~2.53,呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3h),年齡為201 ±3Ma ~233 ±5Ma,鋯石具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6c),較低的Th/U 值,Nb/Ta 值、較高的重稀土分異程度和ΣHREE 含量表明這組鋯石為變質(zhì)鋯石(Tomaschek et al.,2003;Hoskin and Schaltegger,2003;吳元保和鄭永飛,2004);重稀土分異程度很小,相對(duì)平坦,(Yb/Gd)N=2.65 ~18.49,ΣHREE 較低,為28.3 ×10-6~272.7 ×10-6,Th/U 值為0.01 ~0.20,Nb/Ta 值為0.46 ~2.60,另外一個(gè)較大為4.34,呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3e-g),年齡為209 ±3Ma ~238 ±4Ma,具輕微的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6c)。重稀土平坦,低重稀土含量、Th/U 值和Nb/Ta 值,鋯石無環(huán)帶,無明顯Eu 異常等特點(diǎn)表明后該組鋯石可能為榴輝巖相變質(zhì)鋯石(Rubatto,2002;Tomaschek et al.,2003;Hoskin and Schaltegger,2003;吳元保和鄭永飛,2004)。測點(diǎn)W214-49表面年齡為256 ±4Ma,CL 圖像較模糊,可見微弱環(huán)帶(圖3i),而其稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土富集,表明鋯石可能發(fā)生強(qiáng)烈的蛻晶化而后發(fā)生重結(jié)晶作用(Belousova et al.,2002),所以測得年齡不能代表其真實(shí)形成年齡。

古生代繼承鋯石呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3j,k),Th/U 值為0.10 ~0.71,Nb/Ta 值為0.90 ~2.12,年齡為261 ±4Ma ~398±7Ma,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),(Yb/Gd)N=13.7 ~33.3,且具強(qiáng)烈的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce正異常(圖6d),雖然該組鋯石具較高的Th/U 值,但鋯石核部明顯受后期事件改造,而無環(huán)帶,圖3j 邊部鋯石具面狀分帶,說明存在變質(zhì)流體的作用,而且該組鋯石具較低的Nb/Ta 值,因此該組鋯石為變質(zhì)鋯石。

新太古代繼承鋯石呈殘留核,但仍可見環(huán)帶(圖3l),年齡為2547 ±26Ma,Th 含量為188.8 ×10-6,Th/U 值為1.06,Nb/Ta 值為3.74,其稀土元素總含量明顯高于其他鋯石(圖6d),稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),(Yb/Gd)N=18.3。且具強(qiáng)烈的Eu 負(fù)異常和稍弱的Ce 正異常(圖6d),高的Th 含量和REE 含量、Ce 的正異常、Eu 的負(fù)異常和重稀土富集等特點(diǎn)表明該鋯石為巖漿鋯石(Hoskin and Schaltegger,2003)。

4.1.2 樣品WES10D228B2

所測鋯石絕大多數(shù)具核邊結(jié)構(gòu),核部鋯石通常呈他形,圓形外表,具灰色均勻的陰極發(fā)光,邊部鋯石常具振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3m-x)。對(duì)32 顆鋯石分析了43 個(gè)測年點(diǎn),其中6 個(gè)測點(diǎn),表面年齡為241 ±5Ma ~1798 ±41Ma,其不諧和度大于5%(表1;圖4c,d),對(duì)其不予以討論。剩余37 個(gè)測點(diǎn)落在諧和線上或附近,獲得的表面年齡變化于181 ±5Ma ~832 ±22Ma(圖4c,d),根據(jù)年齡分為5 組,分別為早侏羅世(181 ±5Ma ~199 ±3Ma,7 個(gè)測點(diǎn))、晚三疊世(202 ±5Ma ~255 ±8Ma,20 個(gè)測點(diǎn))、古生代(260 ±7Ma ~487 ±9Ma,8 個(gè)測點(diǎn))、新元古代早期(563 ±10Ma)和新元古代中期(832 ±22Ma)。

早侏羅世繼承鋯石有兩個(gè)測點(diǎn)Th/U 值小于0.1,為0.04 ~0.10(表1;圖5a),年齡為189 ±3Ma ~199 ±3Ma,呈繼承核,無環(huán)帶(圖3o),稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),重稀土分異程度較小,(Yb/Gd)N=4.34 ~10.04,且具較弱的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6a),為變質(zhì)鋯石。其余鋯石具振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3m,n,s),年齡為181±5Ma ~199 ±3Ma,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土明顯富集的特點(diǎn),重稀土分異程度較大,(Yb/Gd)N=17.81~73.42,且具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6a),這些特點(diǎn)表明該組鋯石具有巖漿成因。但測點(diǎn)W2282-12(181 ±5Ma),具非常高的Ti 含量,Ti 為23008 ×10-6,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土含量很高,且無明顯Ce 異常(圖6a),說明鋯石測點(diǎn)時(shí)可能打到富Ti 礦物和富輕稀土礦物包體,其表面年齡不能代表其結(jié)晶年齡。

三疊紀(jì)繼承鋯石Th/U 值很多都小于0.1(圖5a),無環(huán)帶且重稀土分異程度和ΣHREE 也存在差異(圖6b),按其重稀土分異程度、ΣHREE 和Th/U 值大小和鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)分為三組:重稀土分異程度較大,(Yb/Gd)N= 20.58 ~101.8,ΣHREE 較高,為132.6 ×10-6~1008 ×10-6,Th/U 值為0.11~0.76,大于0.1(另有2 個(gè)Th/U 值小于0.1,但具震蕩環(huán)帶(圖3p,q)),Nb/Ta 值0.56 ~3.74,多數(shù)具振蕩環(huán)帶,少量呈繼承核,年齡為202 ±5Ma ~225 ±10Ma,具Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6b),表明其為巖漿鋯石;重稀土分異程度稍小,(Yb/Gd)N=15.16 ~35.00,ΣHREE 稍小,為83.1 ×10-6~357.7 × 10-6,Th/U 值為0.01 ~0.35,Nb/Ta 值為0.88 ~3.19,呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3r,s),年齡為209 ±4Ma ~254 ±5Ma,具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的正Ce 異常(圖6b),表明其為變質(zhì)鋯石;重稀土分異程度較小,相對(duì)平坦,(Yb/Gd)N=3.34 ~14.13,ΣHREE 很小,為10.4 ×10-6~46.3 ×10-6,Th/U 值為0.03 ~0.19,呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3t),年齡為217 ±4Ma ~255 ±8Ma,具Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6b),表明其為榴輝巖相變質(zhì)鋯石。另外測點(diǎn)W2282-11,年齡為208 ±4Ma,重稀土配分模式異常(圖6b),與其他鋯石明顯不同,可能打到包體,不能代表鋯石形成年齡。

古生代繼承鋯石或呈繼承核無環(huán)帶(圖3v),或位于邊部具振蕩環(huán)帶(圖3u),年齡為260 ±7Ma ~487 ±9Ma,具較高Th/U 值,為0.14 ~0.94,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),(Yb/Gd)N=21.62 ~100.7。且具明顯的Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6d),表明其為巖漿鋯石。

表3 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石Hf 同位素分析結(jié)果Table 3 Hf isotopic compositions of inherited zircons from the the Linglong biotite granite

續(xù)表3Continued Table 3

新元古代繼承鋯石呈繼承核(圖3w,x),年齡為563 ±10Ma ~832 ±22Ma,具較高Th/U 值,為0.48 ~0.93,稀土配分模式顯示輕稀土虧損,重稀土富集的特點(diǎn),(Yb/Gd)N=18.70 ~27.67。且具Eu 負(fù)異常和明顯的Ce 正異常(圖6d),表明其為巖漿鋯石。

4.2 Hf 同位素組成

只對(duì)其中U-Pb 年齡不諧和度小于5%的繼承鋯石的Hf同位素特征進(jìn)行闡述,樣品WES10D214B1 中繼承鋯石的176Lu/177Hf 比值介于0.000021 ~0.003170,176Hf/177Hf 介于0.281523 ~0.282657,εHf(t)值變化在-18.7 和0.8 之間,tDM2年齡為1204 ~2430Ma,另外4 個(gè)鋯石存在異常高或低的εHf(t)值,對(duì)其數(shù)據(jù)可靠性,進(jìn)行判斷。表面年齡為2547 ±26Ma 的εHf(t)值為34.8(表3),遠(yuǎn)大于同時(shí)期虧損地幔的值,tDM2年齡遠(yuǎn)小于其形成年齡,所以獲得的數(shù)據(jù)不可靠。年齡為256 ±4Ma 的鋯石發(fā)生過蛻晶化,所測數(shù)據(jù)不可靠。而εHf(t)值為-35.9 和-36.1 的鋯石都為變質(zhì)鋯石,tDM2年齡較大,分別為3543Ma 和3506Ma,因?yàn)榘l(fā)生變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶的鋯石年齡比原始鋯石的結(jié)晶年齡小,但由于Lu-Hf 同位素體系的高穩(wěn)定性,其Hf 同位素組成可能保持不變(Gerdes and Zeh,2009),因此當(dāng)用變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶年齡計(jì)算鋯石tDM2年齡時(shí),往往獲得相對(duì)真實(shí)值高的tDM2年齡,因此無法判斷數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性,對(duì)其不予討論。

樣品WES10D228B2 中繼承鋯石的176Lu/177Hf 比值介于0.000019 ~0.003842,176Hf/177Hf 介于0.281597 ~0.282782,εHf(t)值為-16.6 ~6.2 之間,tDM2年齡為894 ~2381Ma。另外εHf(t)值為-33.3 的鋯石測點(diǎn)時(shí)打到邊部鋯石,所以數(shù)據(jù)不可靠。

5 討論

圖7 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石Th-U 投圖(a)和諧和年齡分布頻率圖(b)圖a 中純色充填的為本文數(shù)據(jù),所有鋯石年齡數(shù)據(jù)不諧和度均<5%,對(duì)前人未列出諧和度的數(shù)據(jù),利用公式:不諧和度=100 ×IF(206 Pb/238U Age <1000,(207Pb/235U Age)/(206Pb/238U Age)-1,(207Pb/206Pb Age)/(206Pb/238U Age)-1)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,數(shù)據(jù)引自:Zhang et al. ,2003,2010;Jiang et al. ,2012;Yang et al. ,2012,2014d;Ma et al. ,2013Fig.7 Th vs. U plot (a)and relative probability plots of concordant U-Pb ages of inherited zircons from the Linglong biotite (b)the points in Fig.7a with solid filling are from this paper,the discordance of all the U-Pb ages are less than 5%,for the previous date without discordance,we calculate the discordance by using the follow formula:Discordance = 100 × IF(206 Pb/238 U Age <1000,(207 Pb/235 U Age)/(206Pb/238U Age)-1,(207Pb/206Pb Age)/(206Pb/238U Age)-1),reference:Zhang et al. ,2003,2010;Jiang et al. ,2012;Yang et al. ,2012,2014d;Ma et al. ,2013

對(duì)玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石74 個(gè)分析點(diǎn)中,除不諧和度大于5%和上述說明鋯石發(fā)生蛻晶化或測年時(shí)打到包體外,共61 個(gè)測點(diǎn)年齡都具意義,可以代表它們形成年齡或被改造年齡,可以很好地記錄區(qū)域上先前發(fā)生的巖漿事件或變質(zhì)事件。本文研究表明繼承鋯石記錄了早侏羅世、晚三疊世、古生代、新元古代、~2.5Ga 的巖漿事件和早侏羅世、三疊紀(jì)、古生代的變質(zhì)事件。為更好說明膠北地體的演化,再結(jié)合前人繼承鋯石年齡和Hf 同位素?cái)?shù)據(jù)(Zhang et al.,2010;Yang et al.,2012,2014d;Jiang et al.,2012;Ma et al.,2013),結(jié)果表明(圖7b)除上述熱事件外,還存在2.9 ~2.7Ga,2.2 ~1.75Ga 的熱事件。

2.9 ~2.7Ga 的繼承鋯石Th/U 值大于0.1(圖7a),表明其可能為巖漿鋯石,且前人也在膠北其他地質(zhì)體獲得這一時(shí)期的巖漿鋯石年齡(Tang et al.,2007)。劉建輝等(2011)對(duì)膠北棲霞TTG 片麻巖進(jìn)行鋯石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年獲得2.9 ~2.7Ga 的諧和年齡,所測鋯石具明顯振蕩環(huán)帶,認(rèn)為其為巖漿的結(jié)晶年齡。Jahn et al. (2008)對(duì)這一時(shí)期TTG 片麻巖進(jìn)行巖石地球化學(xué)和Sm-Nd 同位素研究表明~2.9Ga TTG 形成于島弧環(huán)境,而~2.7Ga TTG 與底侵作用和隨后下地殼基性物質(zhì)的部分熔融有關(guān)。這一時(shí)期的繼承鋯石εHf(t)值都為正值(圖8a),表明寄主巖漿來源于虧損地幔,存在基性巖漿活動(dòng)。另外~2.9Ga 和一個(gè)~2.7Ga 的繼承鋯石εHf(t)值與同時(shí)期虧損地幔值相近,并具與鋯石結(jié)晶年齡相近的tDM2年齡(圖8b),表明~2.9Ga 和~2.7Ga 存在新生地殼,以地殼的生長為主。前人系統(tǒng)地對(duì)TTG 片麻巖進(jìn)行UPb 定年和Hf 同位素研究也表明膠北存在~2.9Ga 和~2.7Ga 兩期主要的地殼生長事件(Liu et al.,2013a)。另外兩個(gè)~2.7Ga 鋯石,tDM2年齡為~3.0Ga,說明~2.7Ga 還存在地殼的重熔或再造。

繼承鋯石年齡分布直方圖(圖7b)表明~2.5Ga 存在小的峰值,其Th/U 值遠(yuǎn)大于0.1(圖7a),本文發(fā)現(xiàn)的此時(shí)期繼承鋯石為巖漿鋯石,說明該時(shí)期曾發(fā)生較強(qiáng)烈的巖漿事件。萬渝生等(2012)對(duì)膠東巖群中角閃變粒巖進(jìn)行SHRIMP 鋯石U-Pb 定年發(fā)現(xiàn)~2.5Ga 的巖漿鋯石和變質(zhì)鋯石,并限定膠東巖群形成于~2.5Ga。前人也曾在膠北發(fā)現(xiàn)大面積此時(shí)期TTG 片麻巖和花崗片麻巖,它們都經(jīng)歷了~2.5Ga 的變質(zhì)事件(Tang et al.,2007;Jahn et al.,2008;劉建輝等,2011,2012;Liu et al.,2013a)。這與華北克拉通其他地區(qū)這一時(shí)期發(fā)生的巖漿活動(dòng)和變質(zhì)事件同時(shí)(萬渝生等,2009;Geng et al.,2006)?!?.5Ga 的繼承鋯石εHf(t)值有正有負(fù)(圖8a),tDM2年齡為2.7 ~3.4Ga(圖8b),說明~2.5Ga 主要為更老地殼的改造,寄主巖漿源區(qū)存在幔源物質(zhì)。前人對(duì)華北克拉通~2.5Ga 的變質(zhì)事件研究表明變質(zhì)演化呈現(xiàn)等壓冷卻的逆時(shí)針P-T 軌跡(Zhao et al.,2001;Zhao and Cawood,2012),而巖漿源區(qū)有地幔物質(zhì)加入等特點(diǎn)說明~2.5Ga 的巖漿活動(dòng)和變質(zhì)事件可能為地幔柱導(dǎo)致的底侵作用有關(guān)的同一構(gòu)造熱事件(趙國春,2009;耿元生等,2010)。

圖8 玲瓏黑云母花崗巖繼承鋯石εHf(t)-t 圖(a)和繼承鋯石Hf 同位素二階段模式年齡分布直方圖(b)所有鋯石U-Pb 年齡數(shù)據(jù)不諧和度均<5%,前人數(shù)據(jù)引自:Zhang et al. ,2010;Jiang et al. ,2012;Yang et al. ,2012,2014d;Ma et al. ,2013Fig.8 εHf(t)versus U-Pb ages (a)and relative probability plots of tDM2 ages of inherited zircon from the Linglong biotite (b)the discordance of all the U-Pb ages are less than 5%,reference:Zhang et al. ,2010;Jiang et al. ,2012;Yang et al. ,2012,2014d;Ma et al. ,2013

本文發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡為古元古代的繼承鋯石,諧和度較差(表1),嚴(yán)重的鉛丟失使其確切的形成年齡不得而知。但前人確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)古元古代的繼承鋯石(圖7b)。Wan et al. (2006)對(duì)荊山群片麻巖中碎屑鋯石進(jìn)行SHRIMP U-Pb 定年發(fā)現(xiàn)大量年齡為~2.2Ga 的碎屑巖漿鋯石,并限定荊山群形成于2.2~1.9Ga。董春艷等(2011)對(duì)侵入荊山群的閃長巖進(jìn)行SHRIMP U-Pb 定年獲得1852 ±9Ma 的巖漿結(jié)晶年齡,并進(jìn)一步限定荊山群形成于2.2 ~1.9Ga。另外在膠北地體還發(fā)現(xiàn)年齡為~2.1Ga 的花崗質(zhì)片麻巖和變輝長巖,通過巖石地球化學(xué)研究表明其為荊山群沉積之前地殼拉張作用的產(chǎn)物(劉建輝等,2011;劉平華等,2013),雙峰式的巖漿活動(dòng)表明其可能形成于裂谷環(huán)境。而從圖7a 可以看出很多古元古代(年齡顯示為古元古代晚期)的繼承鋯石Th/U 值小于0.1,說明存在古元古代晚期存在一期變質(zhì)事件,前人在膠東巖群、荊山群和TTG 片麻巖中也曾獲得1.95 ~1.8Ga 變質(zhì)年齡(劉平華等,2011;Liu et al.,2013a)。對(duì)膠北高壓基性麻粒巖和高壓泥質(zhì)麻粒巖進(jìn)行巖相學(xué)、礦物地球化學(xué)和年代學(xué)研究表明1.95 ~1.8Ga 的變質(zhì)作用以等溫降壓順時(shí)針的P-T-t 軌跡為特征,可能指示了碰撞造山的環(huán)境(Zhou et al.,2008a;Tam et al.,2011;Liu et al.,2013c)。古元古代的沉積建造、裂谷巖漿活動(dòng)及碰撞造山作用,這些特點(diǎn)都與遼吉地區(qū)具有相似性,表明膠北地體應(yīng)是遼吉地塊向南延伸的一部分,它們?cè)餐?jīng)歷了古元古代晚期與造山運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)的變質(zhì)作用(趙國春,2009;Zhou et al.,2008a;Tam et al.,2011)。華北東部地塊以古元古代膠遼吉造山帶為界分為龍崗地塊與狼林地塊(Wu et al.,2014)。Li et al. (2012)通過對(duì)荊山群和粉子山群的構(gòu)造變形史研究,認(rèn)為這期變質(zhì)作用和龍崗地塊與狼林地塊碰撞事件有關(guān)。2.2 ~1.75Ga 鋯石εHf(t)值變化范圍較大,有正值和負(fù)值,表明存在此時(shí)期的基性巖,與上述這一時(shí)期變輝長巖的發(fā)現(xiàn)一致。鋯石tDM2年齡約為1.7 ~3.6Ga,絕大多數(shù)鋯石年齡和tDM2年齡相差較大(圖8b),因此該時(shí)期主要表現(xiàn)為地殼的改造。圖8b 中多數(shù)鋯石的tDM2年齡集中于古元古代,說明古元古代存在地殼生長事件。但前人通過鋯石Hf 同位素的研究表明華北東部古元古代大陸地殼的演化以地殼的重熔改造為主,缺乏同時(shí)期新生地殼(Tang et al.,2007;Geng et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2013b)。而對(duì)大別-蘇魯造山帶花崗片麻巖和榴輝巖全巖Nd 同位素和鋯石Hf 同位素研究表明揚(yáng)子板塊北緣存在古元古代的新生地殼(Zheng et al.,2006,2007a;Tang et al.,2008a;Zhao et al.,2008),在蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶也確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)原巖年齡為2.2 ~1.8Ga 的斜長角閃巖和麻粒巖(劉福來等,2011;Liou et al.,2006),但大部分以零散的殘留體形式出現(xiàn)。因此我們可以根據(jù)古元古代的繼承鋯石Hf 同位素特征來判斷其來源。

從1.75Ga 一直到1.0Ga,該地區(qū)都處于巖漿活動(dòng)的沉寂期,但在膠北分布一套古元古代末濱海相的沉積建造—芝罘群。Liu et al. (2013b)對(duì)芝罘群石英片巖中碎屑鋯石進(jìn)行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 定年,發(fā)現(xiàn)最年輕的碎屑鋯石年齡為1709Ma,說明芝罘群形成于晚于1.7Ga。初航等(2011)對(duì)蓬萊群輔子夼組碎屑鋯石進(jìn)行LA-MC-ICP-MS 鋯石定年發(fā)現(xiàn)大量年齡為1.0 ~1.7Ga 的碎屑鋯石,最年輕的年齡為986Ma,因此限定蓬萊群形成年代為新元古代。但膠北并不存在這一時(shí)期的巖漿熱事件,甚至整個(gè)華北都沒有十分強(qiáng)烈的這期地質(zhì)事件的記錄,表明有非華北的源區(qū)提供這一時(shí)期的碎屑物質(zhì)(陸松年等,2012)。

大量繼承鋯石年齡集中于新元古代,其Th/U 值集中于1 附近(圖7a),本文發(fā)現(xiàn)的新元古代年齡的繼承鋯石為巖漿鋯石,說明這一時(shí)期存在強(qiáng)烈的巖漿活動(dòng),但膠北并不存在有關(guān)這期巖漿事件的地質(zhì)記錄。揚(yáng)子板塊北緣新元古代曾發(fā)生與Rodinia 超大陸裂解事件有關(guān)的巖漿活動(dòng)(Zheng et al. ,2006,2007a;Deng et al.,2014)。在蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶也發(fā)現(xiàn)大量原巖年齡為新元古代的花崗片麻巖和變輝長巖(Liu et al.,2010;Tang et al.,2008a;劉福來等,2009),說明新元古代繼承鋯石來源于蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū),而花崗片麻巖和變輝長巖的發(fā)現(xiàn)說明當(dāng)時(shí)存在雙峰式巖漿活動(dòng),反映地殼拉張的環(huán)境,經(jīng)大量研究表明此次巖漿活動(dòng)可能與地幔柱有關(guān)的裂谷巖漿作用有關(guān)(Li et al.,2003;Zheng et al.,2006,2007a)。新元古代巖漿鋯石εHf(t)值都為負(fù)值,鋯石tDM2年齡為1832 ~1862Ma(表3;圖8b),說明新元古代蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū)主要為古元古代地殼的改造。

本文獲得261 ~267Ma、398Ma 變質(zhì)鋯石年齡和260 ~487Ma 巖漿鋯石年齡。古生代膠北處于平穩(wěn)隆升剝蝕時(shí)期,并沒有關(guān)于這一時(shí)期的構(gòu)造熱事件的記錄(Deng et al.,2003b)。最近在蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶超高壓變質(zhì)巖中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些諧和年齡為古生代的繼承鋯石(Yang et al.,2003a;Liu and Liou,2011)。陳道公和倪濤(2004)對(duì)大別-蘇魯造山帶榴輝巖和片麻巖中鋯石進(jìn)行微區(qū)離子探針分析也發(fā)現(xiàn)大量年齡為古生代的變質(zhì)鋯石,并發(fā)現(xiàn)很多古生代的變質(zhì)鋯石是年齡更老的鋯石遭受不同程度的變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶形成的,但確實(shí)存在273 ~184Ma 的變質(zhì)鋯石。萬渝生等(2011)對(duì)經(jīng)歷高級(jí)變質(zhì)作用的鋯石研究發(fā)現(xiàn),干巖石體系下發(fā)生高級(jí)變質(zhì)作用可引起早期鋯石發(fā)生固態(tài)重結(jié)晶,致使U-Pb 體系部分開放,但仍可獲得諧和年齡,這些年齡介于早期鋯石和變質(zhì)作用年齡之間。因此我們推測獲得的古生代變質(zhì)鋯石年齡可能為新遠(yuǎn)古代鋯石于三疊紀(jì)發(fā)生部分變質(zhì)重結(jié)晶造成。而二疊紀(jì)末的變質(zhì)鋯石年齡比三疊紀(jì)超高壓變質(zhì)作用時(shí)間早,表明它們可能記錄了最初揚(yáng)子板塊和華北克拉通之間的俯沖事件(Zhou et al.,2008b)。另外楊經(jīng)綏等(2007)也在蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū)大陸深鉆主孔發(fā)現(xiàn)原巖年齡為346 ~461Ma 超鎂鐵巖,因此蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū)曾經(jīng)存在早古生代巖漿事件。古生代巖漿鋯石εHf(t)值都為負(fù)值,鋯石tDM2年齡為1869 ~2381Ma(表3;圖8b),說明古生代蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū)主要為古元古代地殼的改造。

鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和微量元素研究表明,三疊紀(jì)存在巖漿鋯石和變質(zhì)鋯石,說明區(qū)內(nèi)存在此時(shí)期的巖漿活動(dòng)和變質(zhì)作用。但膠北并沒有這一時(shí)期的地質(zhì)體,而蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶以廣泛分布三疊紀(jì)超高壓變質(zhì)巖為特點(diǎn)(Liou et al.,2012;Liu et al.,2012)。對(duì)超高壓變質(zhì)巖大量的巖相學(xué)、礦物學(xué)、礦物地球化學(xué)和年代學(xué)研究表明256 ~225Ma 發(fā)生榴輝巖相變質(zhì)作用(Liu et al.,2006,2011;Liou et al.,2012;Xu et al.,2013),之后超高壓變質(zhì)巖快速抬升(李曙光等,2005;王清晨,2013),于215 ~201Ma 發(fā)生角閃巖相退變質(zhì)(劉福來和薛懷民,2007;Liu et al.,2010)。對(duì)超高壓變質(zhì)巖中鋯石繼承核U-Pb 定年表明其原巖主要為揚(yáng)子板塊北緣新元古代巖漿巖(Tang et al.,2008b;Liu and Liou,2011)。新元古代巖漿鋯石年齡和三疊紀(jì)變質(zhì)鋯石年齡是揚(yáng)子板塊區(qū)別于華北克拉通的兩個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)(Zheng and Zhang,2007;Tang et al.,2007,2008a),玲瓏黑云母花崗巖中存在大量新元古代和三疊紀(jì)繼承鋯石說明中生代時(shí)膠北地殼深部存在有來自揚(yáng)子板塊的陸殼物質(zhì),大陸的俯沖極性為揚(yáng)子板塊向華北克拉通,它們于三疊紀(jì)發(fā)生碰撞。另外蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶還出露三疊紀(jì)堿性雜巖體,對(duì)其進(jìn)行大量的年代學(xué)表明巖石的形成年齡為225 ~201Ma(Chen et al.,2003;Yang et al.,2005)。本文所獲這一時(shí)期的巖漿鋯石εHf(t)值為-17.5 ~-7.7,表現(xiàn)出富集的特征,反映繼承鋯石寄主巖石三疊紀(jì)堿性巖源區(qū)有來源于富集地幔的物質(zhì),前人對(duì)三疊紀(jì)堿性巖巖石地球化學(xué)和同位素地球化學(xué)研究表明其成因與揚(yáng)子板塊巖石圈富集地幔源區(qū)及部分揚(yáng)子陸殼共同的部分熔融有關(guān)(陳竟志和姜能,2011;Zhao et al.,2012;Yang et al.,2005)。三疊紀(jì)巖漿鋯石tDM2年齡為1745 ~2360Ma(表3;圖8b),說明三疊紀(jì)蘇魯?shù)貐^(qū)主要為古元古代地殼的改造。

本文發(fā)現(xiàn)大量諧和年齡為早侏羅世的繼承鋯石,鋯石顯微結(jié)構(gòu)和微量元素研究表明,存在此時(shí)期的巖漿鋯石和變質(zhì)鋯石。膠北并未發(fā)現(xiàn)這一時(shí)期的地質(zhì)體。前文已提及在大別-蘇魯造山帶變質(zhì)巖中發(fā)現(xiàn)早侏羅世的變質(zhì)鋯石(陳道公和倪濤,2004),Zheng et al. (2007b)對(duì)大別造山帶藍(lán)晶石-石英脈鋯石LA-ICP-MS 定年中也獲得~180Ma 鋯石年齡,認(rèn)為它記錄了晚三疊紀(jì)碰撞造山后一期熱事件。前人通過對(duì)大別-蘇魯造山帶超高壓變質(zhì)巖P-T-t 軌跡,并結(jié)合區(qū)域變形分析表明超高壓變質(zhì)巖自三疊紀(jì)碰撞造山作用形成后,發(fā)生了多階段折返,于180Ma 左右發(fā)生過快速折返(李曙光等,2005;王清晨,2013)。因此超高壓巖石經(jīng)歷了快速的降溫降壓作用,其中的含水礦物變得不穩(wěn)定,發(fā)生脫水作用,形成流體。而鋯石在流體存在的情況下,容易發(fā)生重結(jié)晶(Tomaschek et al.,2003),因此本文發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量早侏羅世繼承鋯石,可能為三疊紀(jì)鋯石于~180Ma 發(fā)生重結(jié)晶形成。

綜上所述,晚侏羅世玲瓏黑云母花崗巖中存在中太古代-晚侏羅世多個(gè)時(shí)期的繼承鋯石,這種多樣的繼承鋯石組成反映其巖漿源區(qū)極其復(fù)雜(同時(shí)存在華北克拉通與揚(yáng)子板塊物質(zhì));可能與前寒武紀(jì)巖石在三疊紀(jì)被卷入揚(yáng)子與華北陸-陸碰撞事件,在造山作用過程中被再循環(huán)帶入地殼深部,而后在晚侏羅世發(fā)生地殼重熔有關(guān)。

6 結(jié)論

~2.9Ga 為膠北地殼的生長時(shí)期,巖漿作用形成于島弧環(huán)境;~2.7Ga 也為地殼的生長時(shí)期,巖漿活動(dòng)與下地殼基性物質(zhì)的部分熔融有關(guān);~2.5Ga 主要為地殼的改造,此外還發(fā)生同時(shí)期的變質(zhì)事件,與地幔柱底侵作用有關(guān),另有表殼巖組合-膠東巖群形成;2.2 ~1.8Ga 主要為老地殼的重熔改造,其中~2.1Ga 地殼處于拉張狀態(tài),伴有與陸內(nèi)裂谷活動(dòng)有關(guān)的雙峰式巖漿作用,荊山群和粉子山群開始沉積,而后1.95 ~1.8Ga 由于碰撞造山運(yùn)動(dòng),發(fā)生變質(zhì)作用;~1.7Ga發(fā)生濱海相沉積事件,形成芝罘群;中元古代到古生代膠北地體處于巖漿活動(dòng)的沉寂期,只在~1.0Ga 發(fā)生沉積事件,形成蓬萊群,而揚(yáng)子板塊北緣新元古代發(fā)育與地幔柱有關(guān)的裂谷巖漿作用;二疊紀(jì)末揚(yáng)子板塊向北俯沖于華北克拉通之下,三疊紀(jì)與華北克拉通發(fā)生陸陸碰撞,致使揚(yáng)子板塊北緣新元古代花崗巖發(fā)生超高壓變質(zhì),形成蘇魯超高壓變質(zhì)帶,之后超高壓變質(zhì)巖發(fā)生多階段折返;晚侏羅世玲瓏黑云母花崗巖復(fù)雜的繼承鋯石組成可能與前寒武紀(jì)巖石卷入陸-陸碰撞事件而發(fā)生再循環(huán)有關(guān)。

致謝 研究工作得到了中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)王中亮老師的指導(dǎo)與幫助;野外工作得到了望兒山金礦床相關(guān)工作人員的幫助和支持;同位素實(shí)驗(yàn)工作得到了中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)地學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心激光等離子體質(zhì)譜實(shí)驗(yàn)室相關(guān)工作人員的協(xié)助;研究生郭林楠、張良、劉躍、李瑞紅參加了部分研究工作;在此一并致以誠摯的感謝!

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