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定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)之我見(jiàn)

2014-03-27 23:04王昌志
新課程·中旬 2014年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:省略先行代詞

王昌志

眾所周知,定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中見(jiàn)得最多、應(yīng)用最廣的從句之一,正確分析定語(yǔ)從句,弄清語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),理解句子含義,提高閱讀能力很重要,在教學(xué)時(shí)應(yīng)重視它的特殊情況,以便學(xué)生從以下幾個(gè)方面注意,走出誤區(qū)。

一、內(nèi)涵本質(zhì)

有的學(xué)習(xí)者一味強(qiáng)調(diào)定語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成和形式,對(duì)它的內(nèi)涵與主句的關(guān)系卻講得少,學(xué)生的理解是:只要先行詞是when,where和why表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因,其他先行詞則由關(guān)系代詞which和that引導(dǎo),針對(duì)這種情況,老師在講時(shí),一定要具體地分析從句的含義,不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)名詞就用when或where引導(dǎo),應(yīng)看引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分,也可分析一下定語(yǔ)從句中是否有主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),若有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),在定語(yǔ)從句缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可用when,where或why引導(dǎo),若沒(méi)有,則要考慮that或which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。

二、注重細(xì)節(jié)

什么情況下用介詞?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),或該從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。如果關(guān)系代詞為which或whom,則用介詞+which/whom

如,(1)This is the desk on which I spent 200 yuan.(2)This is the desk for which I paid 200 yuan.(3)The student with whom she is strict has made great progress.(4)The company in which Tom is working is very famous.

介詞的使用原則:(1)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配習(xí)慣。如,

The earthquake about that you were talking sounded frightening.(2)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣。如,The house in which he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.(3)與定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞的搭配。如,The student with

whom he is strict has made great progress.(4)表示“所有”關(guān)系或整體中的一部分時(shí)用of。如,He wrote an article of which the title is How to protect our earth.

三、糾正片面理解

whose誰(shuí)的,是所有格,在從句中作定語(yǔ),既可指人又可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中表示所屬關(guān)系的引導(dǎo)詞.如,He lives in a house whose window faces to the east.whose是指人的,這是有些學(xué)生片面的認(rèn)為。但在這個(gè)句子中,卻是指物的。

四、靈活地運(yùn)用

(1)在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,在某些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的詞后,關(guān)系代詞在口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)省略。如,That was the year(when) I third went Qingdao.(2)關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞只有reason

一詞,why可轉(zhuǎn)換為for which,在口語(yǔ)中可用that或省略。如,The reason(why/for which/that)I bought the flowers is that Limei likes them.(3)how不能作關(guān)系副詞,不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。修飾表示方式的way定語(yǔ)從句用in which引導(dǎo),也可用that或省略。如:This is the way(in which/that) Lilei did it.that與 which用法區(qū)別:先行詞為all,everything,something,anything,nothing 時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)。如,All that we need is enough rest after four hours work.先行詞被數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)以及the very,the only,the last 等修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)。如,This is the largest boat that he has ever seen.先行詞中既有人又有物只能用that引導(dǎo)。如,This is the very coat that he is looking for.(4)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)不用that.如,We often talk about the teacher and writer that we remember.(5)先行詞本身是

that時(shí)不用that.(6)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不用that.(7)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是以 who或 which 開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),為避免重復(fù)而用that.如:who is the girl that shook hands with you just now.(8)當(dāng)先行詞在從句中

做表語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:Wuhan is no longer the city that it used to be.

五、不限于課本知識(shí),多訓(xùn)練

應(yīng)讓學(xué)生拓寬知識(shí)面,多練習(xí),多積累,比如,as不僅可以引導(dǎo)原因、時(shí)間和方式狀語(yǔ)從句,還可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句代表主句所要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。

當(dāng)然,教學(xué)內(nèi)容較多,以學(xué)生為主體,通過(guò)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察、體驗(yàn)探究、合作等積極主動(dòng)的學(xué)習(xí)方式來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用規(guī)律并運(yùn)用到各種語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中,讓學(xué)生較輕松地掌握本語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn),才

能體現(xiàn)教學(xué)目的。

參考文獻(xiàn):

刁品標(biāo).高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)淺議[J].中學(xué)英語(yǔ)園地:教學(xué)指導(dǎo),2012(28).

編輯 張珍珍

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