∷曾泰元
《牛津英語詞典》(The Oxford English Dictionary)依歷史原則編纂,是英語世界最大、最權(quán)威的英語詞典。自2010年底整合資源,更新條目、定義與書證后,以在線版的形態(tài)重新問世。在線版的《牛津英語詞典》收錄了300個左右源自中文的詞匯,或音譯(loanword)或借譯(loan translation)。
從2013年第8期開始,作者每期介紹兩條,照登《牛津英語詞典》的定義并加以翻譯,解釋其詞源,挑選精當?shù)臅C,以英漢雙語的方式呈現(xiàn)。
【詞源】[ Chinese mìng lot, fate, destiny. ] 源自中文“命”
【定義】n. fate, destiny; divine providence. 天命,命運;天意
【書證】
The Communists changed China’s ming or fate when they fought ceaselessly during twenty years of hardship before winning power. 共產(chǎn)黨在奪取政權(quán)之前,持續(xù)艱苦奮戰(zhàn)了20年,改變了中國的“命”。──《大河彼岸》(The Other Side of the River),1963
To know ming and to act according to it, without attachment to the success or failure of the action, is an ideal of Confucianism. 知天命而行天命,超脫成敗,是儒家的理想。──《牛津世界宗教詞典》(The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions),1997
【詞源】[ Chinese ji?ozi (ji?o stuffed dumpling +zi, little‘child’, functioning as diminutive suffix). ] 源自中文“餃子”(“餃”:帶餡面團,“子”:指小詞)。
【定義】 n. In Chinese cookery: a crescent-shaped dumpling of thin pastry dough, stuffed with a finely minced paste (typically made of pork, cabbage, and garlic chives), and steam-fried, deep-fried, grilled, or boiled. 在中餐烹飪里,指的是一種新月形、面皮薄的面團,餡料剁得細碎成糊(一般由豬肉、卷心菜、韭菜所制成),可生煎,可油炸,可炙烤,可水煮。
【書證】
Feasting plays an important role in the celebrations,with a large family meal served on New Year’s Eve.Traditional food such as jiaozi and Nian Gao is prepared and families gather together for this annual feast. 大吃大喝在節(jié)慶活動中扮演著重要的角色,大年除夕的家庭聚餐尤其盛大。餃子、年糕等傳統(tǒng)食物都會上桌,一家人也會為了這頓年度大餐而團聚。──英國《衛(wèi)報》(The Guardian),2001/1/25
Grab eight jiaozi ($1.50) at Ma-Ma Dumpling and a no-carb quiche ($3) at the Juice Bar. 到媽媽餃子館買八個餃子(美元一塊五),再到果汁吧買個無碳水化合物的法式咸派(美元三塊錢)。──美國《華盛頓郵報》(The Washington Post),2004/4/11