鄭立峰
解放軍二二二醫(yī)院,吉林 吉林 132011
骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)和腓骨移植術(shù)治療創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損的療效分析
鄭立峰
解放軍二二二醫(yī)院,吉林 吉林 132011
目的探討應(yīng)用Ilizarov技術(shù)骨節(jié)段傳送延長(zhǎng)術(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù))和帶血管蒂腓骨移植結(jié)合Ilizarov環(huán)形外固定架固定術(shù)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)腓骨移植術(shù))治療創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損的療效。方法將我院接診的21例創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損患者按照骨缺損程度、軟組織情況及實(shí)施帶蒂組織瓣改善軟組織條件,采用骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)和腓骨移植術(shù)進(jìn)行治療。結(jié)果骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)和腓骨移植術(shù)結(jié)合對(duì)患者創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損具有良好的修復(fù)作用,安全有效,有著可隨時(shí)糾正畸形的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是避免骨缺損并發(fā)骨感染的較為有效方法。結(jié)論21例患者隨訪時(shí)間12~51個(gè)月,平均38個(gè)月。隨訪結(jié)果顯示:全部病例按骨缺損的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行等量延長(zhǎng)手術(shù)后,骨折端和延長(zhǎng)段骨性均已愈合,且延長(zhǎng)段完全骨愈合時(shí)間6~9個(gè)月,平均骨性愈合時(shí)間為8.4個(gè)月。結(jié)論骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)和腓骨移植術(shù)結(jié)合對(duì)患者創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損具有良好的修復(fù)作用,安全有效,有著可隨時(shí)糾正畸形的優(yōu)點(diǎn),是避免骨缺損并發(fā)骨感染的較為有效方法。
骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù);腓骨移植術(shù);脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損
小腿嚴(yán)重開(kāi)放性創(chuàng)傷大塊骨缺損或外傷后繼發(fā)慢性骨髓炎骨壞死未控制感染行死骨清除等均可造成脛骨缺損,創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損因骨缺損較大、軟組織條件較差、多伴有骨畸形或是骨缺損并發(fā)骨感染的危險(xiǎn)。
1.1 一般資料
我院2014年1月至3月接診的21例創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損患者缺損5.3~11 cm,平均7.3 cm。其中男13例,女8例,年齡在25~65歲,平均33.2歲。受傷原因有車(chē)禍致傷18例,重物壓傷3例。6例伴有嚴(yán)重的粉碎骨折,伴有皮膚、軟組織的嚴(yán)重挫傷、缺損,受傷后1~7 h急診進(jìn)行修復(fù)手術(shù),15例開(kāi)放性骨折復(fù)位固定術(shù)后出現(xiàn)骨感染壞死,1~5個(gè)月死骨摘除后行修復(fù)手術(shù)。
1.2 診斷手法
首先將傷口徹底清創(chuàng),清除碎骨塊,拆除內(nèi)固定,折斷修平整再對(duì)缺損部分進(jìn)行脛骨上干骺端截骨延長(zhǎng),然后將縮短后的兩骨折端及截骨的兩骨折端固定在外固定延長(zhǎng)器上合成一體,如存在血管、神經(jīng)斷裂,顯微外科技術(shù)吻合[1]。之后,在術(shù)后7 d進(jìn)行加壓延長(zhǎng)每天以延長(zhǎng)1.0~1.25 mm速度延長(zhǎng),分兩次完成,并結(jié)合X線片的檢測(cè)和觀察情況,適當(dāng)調(diào)整延長(zhǎng)速度。最后延長(zhǎng)到其骨質(zhì)缺損長(zhǎng)度就立即停止延長(zhǎng),待延長(zhǎng)骨段骨性愈合后,拆除延長(zhǎng)器,對(duì)后期全面恢復(fù)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)面修復(fù),根據(jù)創(chuàng)面情況Ⅱ期手術(shù)采用深筋膜皮瓣或中厚層植皮修復(fù)[2]。
21例患者隨訪時(shí)間12~51個(gè)月,平均38個(gè)月。隨訪結(jié)果顯示:全部病例按骨缺損的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行等量延長(zhǎng)手術(shù)后,骨折端和延長(zhǎng)段骨性均已愈合,且延長(zhǎng)段完全骨愈合時(shí)間6~9個(gè)月,平均骨性愈合時(shí)間為8.4個(gè)月。
骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)治療創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損具有縮短患者帶架時(shí)間具有良好的負(fù)重功能、減輕患者痛苦、可隨時(shí)調(diào)整、糾正畸形等優(yōu)點(diǎn);骨瓣移術(shù)治療創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損具有較好的療效、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,是治療骨缺損并發(fā)骨感染的有效方法;Ilizarov環(huán)形外固定架固定牢靠,為移植腓骨骨的愈合、早期功能鍛煉創(chuàng)造了便利條件,可隨時(shí)調(diào)整糾正畸形等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[3]。但總體來(lái)說(shuō),采用骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)治療創(chuàng)傷性脛骨長(zhǎng)段骨缺損對(duì)患者而言有較好的影響,恢復(fù)較快,減輕患者痛苦、可隨時(shí)調(diào)整、糾正畸形等優(yōu)點(diǎn),但需醫(yī)務(wù)人員在手術(shù)中盡量避免由于手術(shù)復(fù)雜而出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生,以及術(shù)后對(duì)患者進(jìn)行護(hù)理和監(jiān)測(cè),避免出現(xiàn)術(shù)后意外情況[4]。
[1]李紅宇,才志勇,李玉山,等.Ilizarov外固定架在脛骨截骨延長(zhǎng)治療中的應(yīng)用[J].中國(guó)矯形外科雜志,2005,13(13):985-987.
[2]王序全,李起鴻,許建中,等.脛骨上干骺端緩慢牽伸延長(zhǎng)對(duì)兔膝關(guān)節(jié)軟骨形態(tài)的影響[J].中華骨科雜志,2006,26(7):479-482.
[3]鄭強(qiáng),潘志軍,李杭,等.混合式單臂外固定架骨延長(zhǎng)術(shù)治療感染性骨不連[J].中華骨科雜志,2007,27(7):509-513.
[4]楊華清,王坤正,張明宇,等.應(yīng)力調(diào)節(jié)對(duì)延長(zhǎng)區(qū)骨愈合影響的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].中國(guó)矯形外科雜志,2008,16(18):1412-1414.
Analysis of Curative Effect of Bone Lengthening and Fibulatransplantation in the Treatment of Traumatic Tibial Defects
ZHENG Lifeng The people's liberation army 222 hospital,Jilin Jilin 132011,China
ObjectiveTo study the application of Ilizarov technique joints for transmitting YanChangShu YanChangShu) (hereinafter referred to as bone with vascular pedicle fibular graft combined with Ilizarov circular external fixation frame fixation) (hereinafter referred to as fibula transplantation treatment the curative effect of traumatic tibial long bone defect.MethodsOur hospital’s 21 cases of traumatic patients with long bone defect in tibia, according to the defects of bone, soft tissue and the implementation of pedicle flap improve the condition of soft tissue, were treated by bone YanChangShu and fibula transplantation.Results21 patients were followed up 12~51 months, 38 months on average. Follow-up results showed that all patients amount according to the length of the bone defect after surgery, and to extend the period of osseous have healing fracture end, and to extend the period of fully bone healing time 6~ 9 months, average osseous healing time was 8.4 months.ConclusionThe bone YanChangShu combination for patients with traumatic tibial and fibula transplantation long bone defect with good repair effect, safe and effective, may at any time to correct the deformity of the advantages, is a more effective method to avoid concurrent bone defect bone infection.
Bone lengthening,F(xiàn)ibula transplantation,The long bone defect of tibia
R687.3
B
1674-9316(2014)23-0143-02
10.3969/J.ISSN.1674-9316.2014.23.084