胡龍生
but的語(yǔ)義豐富,用法靈活,值得我們關(guān)注,下面就談?wù)刡ut 的一些基本意義和用法。
一、用作連詞
1. but用作并列連詞,意為“但是”“然而”“盡管如此”等,可用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列成分或兩個(gè)并列分句,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。如:
Life is limited,but there is no limit to learning. 生命有限,學(xué)海無(wú)涯。
在口語(yǔ)中,but 常被置于“Excuse me”或“Im sorry”之后,用來(lái)提出請(qǐng)求或引出可能引起對(duì)方不快的話。在禮貌地拒絕別人的邀請(qǐng)時(shí),常先說(shuō)“Id be happy to/Id like to/Id love to”,再由but引出理由。如:
Excuse me,but are you Mr. Smith?對(duì)不起,您是史密斯先生嗎?
2. but 在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用作從屬連詞,放在否定詞或疑問(wèn)詞之后,意義上相當(dāng)于that...not。如:
He never comes but he brings some presents for my children. 他每次來(lái)都給我的孩子帶些禮物。
二、but 用作介詞時(shí),相當(dāng)于apart from/except/other than, 意為“除……之外”,其后可跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞或動(dòng)詞不定式。如:
You can come any day but Friday. 除了星期五,你哪天來(lái)都行。
注意:but 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do的某種形式,則but后的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。
三、but 用作副詞,意思是“僅僅”“只是”,相當(dāng)于only/no more than/only just, 常用于正式場(chǎng)合。如:
We can but try. 我們只能試試。
I have seen him but once. 我只見(jiàn)過(guò)他一次。
四、由but 構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)。如:
1. not ... but ... 不是……而是……。如:
He is not a scientist,but a musician. 他不是一位科學(xué)家,而是一位音樂(lè)家。
2. have no choice but to do 別無(wú)選擇;不得不做。如:
At that time,we had no choice but to wait for help. 當(dāng)時(shí),我們別無(wú)選擇,只好等別人來(lái)幫忙。
3. but for 要不是……。如:
But for your timely help,the boy would have lost his life. 要不是你的及時(shí)幫助,那個(gè)男孩早就沒(méi)命了。
4.nothing but 完完全全。如:
You are nothing but a fool if you do such a thing. 如果你這樣干,你就是個(gè)十足的大傻瓜。
5. cannot /couldnt help but do不得不;禁不住。如:
You cant help but respect him. 人們不由得對(duì)他滿(mǎn)懷敬意。
6. cannot /couldnt choose but 不得不;必須。如:
We could not choose but obey him. 我們只能服從他。
【跟蹤練習(xí)】
1. Between the two generations,it is often not their age,______ their education that causes misunderstanding.
A. like B. as C. or D. but
2. Reality is not the way you wish things to be,nor the way they appear to be,______ the way they actually are.
A. as B. or C. but D. and
參考答案:1.D 2.C(責(zé)任編校/彭益)