楊建侖
1.“it is +形容詞/名詞+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)
究竟是選of,還是選for?這是個(gè)頭痛的問題,大多數(shù)同學(xué)都靠死記硬背來解決。我們提供一種方法,用“sb. +be +形容詞/名詞”檢驗(yàn),若這三個(gè)詞為一句話,則選of,否則就選for。
It is necessary( )you to have a talk with him.
不能說“You are necessary”,而只能說to do sth. is necessary,因此括號(hào)中要填的是for。
It is foolish( )you to do it like that.
“You are foolish”是完整的句子,因此括號(hào)中要填of。
需要說明的是,在“find/think/consider + it +形容詞/名詞 +(for /of sb.)+ to do sth.”句式中,也可用 for /of 引出邏輯主語。
2. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語時(shí),選擇-ed 形式或者-ing 形式在很多情況下也很困難。此時(shí)我們可以巧妙地利用be和前面名詞的關(guān)系,對獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行確定。
All flights( )because of the heavy storm,we decided to take the train.
A. having canceled B. being canceled
C. having been canceled D. canceled
加上be:“The flights are canceled”是正確的句子,航班被取消,要用-ed 形式,再結(jié)合后面句子的時(shí)態(tài),應(yīng)該用完成式。答案為C。
( )a fine day,I decided to go for an outing.
A. Being B. Having been
C. It being D. It was
加上be:如果邏輯主語與主句的主語一致,則邏輯關(guān)系為“I was a fine day”,顯然不通,需要帶上自己的邏輯主語it,“It was a fine day”是正確的,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的非謂語動(dòng)詞。答案為C。
3.伴隨狀語中容易出錯(cuò)的問題
( )by his find,Robey shopped other branch post offices for more sheets with inverted centers but found none.
A. Exciting B. Excitement
C. Excited D. To excite
加上be:Robey is excited.(羅比很激動(dòng))說的是人的情感反應(yīng);The story is exciting.(故事很刺激)說的是事物的客觀特性。我們自然地判定出這里說的是人的反應(yīng),而不是事物特征,因此用-ed 形式是正確的。答案為C。
4. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語的疑難解決
Because of accent,he cannot make himself( )in the class.
A. understand B. understood
C. understanding D. to understand
要解決這個(gè)問題,可以通過在非謂語動(dòng)詞和前面的名詞之間加上be 來解決:“He is understanding” 和“He is understood”,顯然在班上他要被人理解,需要選擇-ed 形式。答案為B。(責(zé)任編校/彭益)