鄧中南

用好非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，找到其邏輯主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵，下文結(jié)合例句和考題討論非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)的位置。

一、句子的主語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)。如：

Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.（to have invented為句子的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是Charles Babbage，該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所示動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，用完成式）

例1 _____ an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base

解析：選B。動(dòng)詞base與邏輯主語(yǔ)you之間構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。注意：（sb.）base A on B相當(dāng)于A is based on B。

例2 Having finished her project，she was invited by the school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking B. having spoken

C. to speak D. to have spoken

解析：選C。to speak作邏輯主語(yǔ)she的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，注意搭配invite sb. to do sth.。

二、句子的賓語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，該賓語(yǔ)就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：

She stood in front of him，with her eyes fixed on his face.（fixed的邏輯主語(yǔ)是介詞with的賓語(yǔ)her eyes，注意搭配fix ones eyes on sth.）

例3 Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _____ of his own dreams.

A. reminding B. to remind

C. reminded D. remind

解析：選C。reminded作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)，邏輯主語(yǔ)himself和reminded為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

例4 I looked up and noticed a snake _____ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound

解析：選C。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。winding its way與句子的賓語(yǔ)snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

三、修飾的先行詞

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為該詞修飾的先行詞。如：

The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.（operating的邏輯主語(yǔ)為先行詞the people，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系）

His first book to be published next month is expected to be a success.（不定式to be published表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是his first book）

例5 Recently a survey _____ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.

A. compared B. comparing

C. compares D. being compared

解析：選B。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)，和被修飾的survey是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用-ing形式。

例6 Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _____ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.

A. to be made B. being made

C. made D. having been made

解析：選A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，根據(jù)will influence確定為將來(lái)動(dòng)作，且與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

例7 The witnesses _____ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

A. questioned B. being questioned

C. to be questioned D. having questioned

解析：選A。首先判斷此處需要一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，作witnesses的后置定語(yǔ)，question與witnesses之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞just now可知?jiǎng)幼鱭uestion已經(jīng)完成。

四、獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)部分常作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

All the work done，you can have a rest now.（done的邏輯主語(yǔ)是work，主句主語(yǔ)是you）

He suggested going for a picnic，Mary to provide the food.（不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，邏輯主語(yǔ)是Mary，主句主語(yǔ)是he）

例8 Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures，some _____ a life span of around 20 years.

A. having B. had C. have D. to have

解析：選A。因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞are，所以該空要填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因?yàn)檫壿嬛髡Z(yǔ)與have為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用 -ing形式。

例9 The party will be held in the garden，weather _____.

A. permitting B. to permit

C. permitted D. permit

解析：選A。由于主句的主語(yǔ)party與weather不一致，所以weather作permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。兩者為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。

此外，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：

Many trees were cut down and that resulted in the village being buried by sand. （the village可用the villages代替，是being buried的邏輯主語(yǔ)）

Marys not passing the driving test made her very upset. （動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作句子的主語(yǔ)，Marys不宜用Mary代替）

五、無(wú)邏輯主語(yǔ)

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，相當(dāng)于名詞，常常沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ)。

1. To see is to believe.（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)）

2. His plan is about expanding the business.（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)）

例10 No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better _____ silent.

A. remain B. be remaining

C. having remained D. to remain

解析：選D。it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式to remain silent。 （責(zé)任編校/彭益）