Unit 3

1. —the man who brought technology to the man in the street. （title）

[點(diǎn)撥] the man in the street：“普通人”、“常人”、“大眾”。也可為“man on the street”。

2. As a result， he began designing and making things when he was very young. （P1， L34） 因此，他很小的時(shí)候就開始設(shè)計(jì)和制造東西了。

Sinclairs reputation suffered as a result， but he is still respected for his earlier success. （P4， L43） 結(jié)果辛科萊的聲譽(yù)受到了影響，但他仍然因?yàn)樵缙诘某晒κ艿阶鹁础?/p>

[點(diǎn)撥] as a result & as a result of

as a result： 是習(xí)慣短語，意思為：因此，結(jié)果。

e.g. As a result， the discussion was put off until next week. 結(jié)果討論被推遲到下星期。

as a result of： 后面加名詞，意為：因?yàn)?、由于……的結(jié)果

e.g. The discussion was put off until next week as a result of the heavy snow. 由于大雪，討論被推遲到下星期。

[考點(diǎn)鏈接]

（1） Father was late for work the traffic jam， and ， the boss blamed him for it.

A. as a result； as a result of

B. as a result of； as a result

C. as a result of； in other words

D. as a result； in other words

解析：短語辨析。as a result結(jié)果是；as a result of由于……；in other words換句話說；句意：由于交通擁擠，父親上班遲到了。結(jié)果，老板因此責(zé)備了他。根據(jù)句意說明B正確。

（2） Jack has a good habit of keeping a diary every day； he is very good at writing.

A. becauseB. as

C. as a resultD. after all

解析：本題考查副詞短語。as a result “因此，結(jié)果”，在句中作狀語，其前常有一個(gè)表示原因的句子。答案為C。

3. Sinclair was mostly selfeducated， preferring to spend time studying by himself rather than at school with classmates. （P1， L5）

[點(diǎn)撥] prefer to do rather than do... 寧愿……而不愿……

e.g. ① She preferred to stay home rather than go with us. 她寧愿待在家里也不愿同我們一起去。

② I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing. 我寧愿干活不愿坐在那里無所事事。

[拓展] prefer doing to doing

I prefer singing to dancing.

would rather do than do / would do rather than do

e.g. She would rather stay home rather than go with us.

4. By the time he was ten years old， his teachers said that he was already so good at geometry， algebra and arithmetic that they could not teach him any more maths. （P1， L6）

[點(diǎn)撥] by the time 到……為止（主句常用完成時(shí)）

By + 過去時(shí)間

現(xiàn)在時(shí)間

將來時(shí)間主句過去完成時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

將來完成時(shí)

[考點(diǎn)鏈接]

① By the time Jane gets home， her aunt for London to attend a meeting.

A. will leaveB. leaves

C. will have leftD. left

解析：by the time Jane gets home，以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來，所以主句用將來完成時(shí)，答案為C。

② The construction of the two new railway lines by now.

A. has completedB. have completedendprint

C. have been completedD. has been completed

解析：因?yàn)閎y now，所以選D. has been completed。

③ By the time he was 14 years old， Einstein himself advanced mathematics.

A. teachesB. taught

C. has taughtD. had taught

解析：根據(jù)by the time he was 14 years old是過去時(shí)，所以答案選D。

5. However， the man providing the money to start the company pulled out of the project at the last minute. （P2， L14）

[點(diǎn)撥1] pull out of 退出，使脫離

e.g. They are pulling their troops out of the war zone. 他們正在從戰(zhàn)區(qū)撤出軍隊(duì)。

[點(diǎn)撥2] the last minute （重大事情發(fā)生前的） 最后一刻，緊要關(guān)頭

e.g. It never occurred to them that Bob would change his mind at the last minute. 他們?cè)趺匆矝]想到鮑勃會(huì)在最后關(guān)頭改變主意。

6. When his company finally began production and put out advertisements for his radio， demand was high and the business simply took off. （P2， L18）

[點(diǎn)撥1] put out 發(fā)表，公布

e.g. The administration put out new guidelines for street vendors.

管理部門公布了針對(duì)街頭商販的新政策。

[歸納1] 關(guān)于動(dòng)詞put的其他短語。

put across解釋清楚，使被理解；put aside保留；暫不考慮；put away放好，收好；put back恢復(fù)正常；把……放回原處；put down記下；put forward提出 （要求、事實(shí)等）；put in花費(fèi)，付出；正式提出，申請(qǐng)；put into effect實(shí)行，生效；put into operation實(shí)施，使生效，使運(yùn)行；put into practice實(shí)施，實(shí)行；put off推遲，推延；阻止，勸阻；put on穿上，戴上；上演；增加（體重）；put up建造；張貼；提高；投宿；提出；put up with容忍，忍受

7. When his company finally began production and put out advertisements for his radio， demand was high and the business simply took off.

[點(diǎn)撥1] demand 名詞，意思是“需求”。

There is a growing demand in China for environmentally friendly cars. 中國對(duì)環(huán)保型汽車的需求越來越大。

be in great demand = be in great need

[拓展1] demand的動(dòng)詞意為“要求”、“需求”，通常為及物動(dòng)詞，其賓語可以是名詞、不定式、that 從句 （從句謂語通常為虛擬語氣）。

The workers also demanded higher wages. 工人們還要求提高工資。

She demanded to see the manager. 她要求見經(jīng)理。

They demanded that the right to vote （should） be given to every adult man. 他們要求每個(gè)成年人都應(yīng)有選舉權(quán)。

[拓展2] demand可后接不定式，但通常不接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，若意義上需要這類結(jié)構(gòu)，可換成 that 從句或在 demand 后接 of。如：他要求她同我們一起去。

誤：Tom demanded her to go with us.

正：Tom demanded that she （should） go with us.

正：Tom demanded of her to go with us.

[點(diǎn)撥2] take off 這里是突然大受歡迎，迅速流行

The new magazine has really taken off.

take off 還有“起飛”的意思。

take a few days off 請(qǐng)幾天假

8. I consider my father to be the important person in my life. （P46， L1）

[點(diǎn)撥] consider ... （to be / as） + n. / adj. 認(rèn)為

He considers himself an expert on the subject. 他認(rèn)為自己是這門學(xué)科的專家。

This award is considered （to be） a great honor. 這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)被認(rèn)為是極大的榮譽(yù)。endprint

[拓展1] consider doing sth. 考慮做某事

Were considering buying a new car. 我們正在考慮買一輛新車。

[拓展2] considering... 考慮到……

Shes active， considering her age.

注意其與regarding、concerning的區(qū)別，這兩個(gè)詞的意思是“關(guān)于”。

9. Whenever I trip or hurt myself playing sports， hes there to pick me up. （P46， L7）

[點(diǎn)撥] pick up

Jack turned over the wallet he had picked up in the street to the police. 杰克把在街上撿到的錢包交給了警察。

The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. （接人） 火車沿途停了好幾次，讓乘客上車。

I picked up French when I was in France. “意外發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“學(xué)到”、“獲得”

I managed to pick up an American news broadcast. 我設(shè)法收聽到一家美國電臺(tái)的新聞廣播。

The economy is finally beginning to pick up again. 經(jīng)濟(jì)終于又開始有所好轉(zhuǎn)。

Unit 4

1. Moving to Canada meant making some big adjustments to my life. Although I knew everybody has to leave their nest at some point， leaving my family was the hardest part， and some people cannot handle being away from home. （P50， L25）

[點(diǎn)撥1] make some adjustments to

e.g. I have made adjustments to the design. 我已對(duì)這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)作出了一些調(diào)整。

v. adjust sth.

adjust to sth. / doing sth.

e.g. It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce. 她離婚以后，過了一段時(shí)間才適應(yīng)了單身生活。

[點(diǎn)撥2] at some point（特定的）時(shí)刻或階段

At some point， everyone needs to decide on what career he or she is going to have.

[考點(diǎn)鏈接]

I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. （2009年浙江）

A. whichB. where

C. howD. why

解析：這道題考查的是point 后的定語從句的關(guān)系詞，I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point，所以用where.

（對(duì)比）—Do you have anything to say for yourselves？ （2006年江西卷）

—Yes， theres one point we must insist on.

A. whyB. where

C. howD. /

解析：這道題考查的point表示觀點(diǎn)的意思，后面從句中缺insist on 的賓語。答案選D。

2. Now I am getting used to Canadian food， and believe it or not， my new favourite food is pepper steak. （P50， L44）

[點(diǎn)撥1] 短語get used to意為“習(xí)慣于…… （= be used to； be accustomed to）”，后接sth.或doing sth.

e.g. Youll get used to your new job. 你很快就會(huì)習(xí)慣新工作的。

[點(diǎn)撥2] believe it or not信不信由你

e.g. Believe it or not， he asked me to marry him. 信不信由你， 他向我求婚。

3. Therefore， as well as advancing your education， we also have some of the best university sports in the country.

[點(diǎn)撥] as well as 與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，其后可用Ving形式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于in addition to。

e.g. As well as breaking his leg， he hurt his arm. 他不但摔斷了腿，而且還傷了胳膊。endprint

She sings as well as playing the piano. 她不但會(huì)彈鋼琴，而且會(huì)唱歌。

[拓展1] 由as well as 連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由as well as前面部分決定。

e.g. Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海倫和我一樣急于要看演出。

[拓展2] as well常用作狀語，作“又；也”解，相當(dāng)于too或also，常位于句末，無須用逗號(hào)與句子分開。

e.g. I am going to London and my sister is going as well （=going， too）. 我要到倫敦去，我妹妹也要去。

4. They are very large and equipped with showers， with two to four students sharing a room.

[點(diǎn)撥] with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。He died with his daughter yet a school girl. 他死的時(shí)候，他的女兒還是個(gè)學(xué)生。

with+賓語+形容詞

He used to sleep with all the windows open. 他過去常常開著窗子睡覺。

with+賓語+副詞

The girl fell asleep with the light on. 那位女孩睡著了，燈還亮著。

with+賓語+不定式

I cant go out with these clothes to wash. 因?yàn)檫@些衣服要洗，我不能出去。

with+賓語+介詞短語

He sat near the fire with his back to the door. 他坐在爐子旁，背朝著房門。

with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞

With the machine helping us， we could finish the work on time. 由于有機(jī)器的幫助，我們能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。

with+賓語+過去分詞

With everything done， she went home. 做完一切事情以后，她回家了。

（作者：鄭繼嶺，江蘇省昆山中學(xué)）endprint