背景大鏈接

How is English Changed Online？

看網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展如何改變語(yǔ)言

Online， English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process， the language itself is changing.

英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上成為全球范圍內(nèi)的通用語(yǔ)言。在此過(guò)程中，英語(yǔ)本身也在不斷發(fā)生著變化。

When America emerged from the ashes of a bruising war with Britain in 1814， the nation was far from united. Noah Webster thought that a common language would bring people together and help create a new identity that would make the country truly independent of the British.

1814年英美戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后，當(dāng)美國(guó)從戰(zhàn)后的廢墟中發(fā)展起來(lái)時(shí)，還是個(gè)四分五裂的國(guó)家。諾亞·韋伯斯特認(rèn)為，統(tǒng)一語(yǔ)言將會(huì)使人們更有凝聚力，并獲得新的身份，這有助于美國(guó)真正的脫離英國(guó)而獨(dú)立。

An American Dictionary of the English Language took 18 years to complete and Webster learned 26 other languages in order to research the etymology of its 70，000 entries.

韋伯斯特花了18年時(shí)間寫成《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》，為了研究詞典中的70000個(gè)單詞的詞形變化，他學(xué)習(xí)了26種語(yǔ)言。

Webster’s dictionary， now in its 11th edition， adopted the Americanised spellings familiar today—“er” instead of “re” in “theatre”， dropping the “u” from “colour”， and losing the double “l(fā)” from words such as traveller. It also documented new words that were uniquely American such as skunk， opossum， hickory， squash and chowder.

《韋氏詞典》現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是第11版了，它采用我們現(xiàn)在熟悉的美式拼寫——theatre中的re變?yōu)閑r，去掉colour中的u，把一些單詞中的兩個(gè)l如traveller變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)l。詞典中也收錄了一些美國(guó)獨(dú)有的新詞匯，如skunk（臭鼬），opossum（負(fù)鼠），hickory（山核桃），squash（南瓜）和chowder（雜燴）。

The internet is creating a similar language evolution， but at a much faster pace.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為類似的語(yǔ)言演變創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)平臺(tái)，但速度要快得多。

There are now thought to be some 4.5 billion web pages worldwide. And with half the population of China now on line， many of them are written in Chinese.

現(xiàn)在在全球范圍內(nèi)共有大概45億網(wǎng)頁(yè)。在中國(guó)，如今有一半的人都是網(wǎng)民，其中很多人使用中文上網(wǎng)。

Still， some linguists predict that within 10 years English will dominate the Internet—but in forms very different from what we accept and recognise as English today.

不過(guò)一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，10年內(nèi)英語(yǔ)將成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的主導(dǎo)語(yǔ)言，但形式將和網(wǎng)民今天接受和認(rèn)可的英語(yǔ)有很大不同。

That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers， particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent.

這是因?yàn)閷⒂⒄Z(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言的人數(shù)已經(jīng)超過(guò)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人數(shù)。而且非英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的人進(jìn)行交流時(shí)都使用英語(yǔ)，尤其是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，人們不太注重語(yǔ)法和拼寫，使用者也不用擔(dān)心口音問題。

Technology companies are tapping into the new English variations with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary.

科技公司正在開發(fā)英語(yǔ)新變化的相關(guān)產(chǎn)品，旨在幫助用戶增加現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)字典中不存在的單詞。

And most large companies have English websites， while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language—English—to reach global customers.

大多數(shù)大公司都有自己的英文網(wǎng)站，小企業(yè)也意識(shí)到他們需要一種通用語(yǔ)言，也就是英語(yǔ)，來(lái)爭(zhēng)取全球范圍內(nèi)的客戶。

Mobile phone companies are also updating their apps to reflect its growing use.

移動(dòng)電話公司也在不斷更新應(yīng)用程序，以體現(xiàn)他們?nèi)找嬖龆嗟墓δ堋?/p>

The increasing prevalence of the Internet in everyday life means that language online is not a zero sum game. Instead， it allows multiple languages to flourish.

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)在日常生活中的日益普遍意味著語(yǔ)言并非一場(chǎng)零和博弈。相反，它讓不同的語(yǔ)言蓬勃發(fā)展。

詞匯短語(yǔ)園地

1. confusing adj. 令人困惑的；難懂的

The instructions on the box are very confusing.

盒子上的使用說(shuō)明令人費(fèi)解。

confuse vt. 使糊涂，使迷惑

confuse A with/and B 將A與B混淆

I’m always confusing Jack with James.

我總是分不清杰克和詹姆斯。

confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的；混亂的

2. compare vt. 比較，對(duì)比

I compared the copy with the original， but there wasn’t much difference.

我比較了復(fù)印件和原件，但差別不是很大。

（1） compared to/with... 和……相比

Compared to many students， he is lucky.

和許多學(xué)生比起來(lái)，他是幸運(yùn)的。

My own problems seem insignificant compared with other people’s.

與別人的問題相比，我自己的問題算不得什么。

（2） compare...to... 把……比作……

Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.

莎士比亞把世界比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。

（3） compare notes （with sb） （與某人）交換意見

After comparing notes we found that we had the same opinion.

交換意見后我們發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)我們的想法是一致的。

（4） without/beyond compare 無(wú)與倫比

She is beautiful without compare.

她美得無(wú)與倫比。

It’s a diamond beyond compare.

這是一顆獨(dú)一無(wú)二的鉆石。

comparison n. 比較；對(duì)比

1） by comparison 比較起來(lái)；相比之下

2） by/in comparison （with sb/sth）（與……）相比較

3. differ vi. 不同，有區(qū)別

People’s tastes differ.

人們的喜好各不相同。

（1） differ from... 和……不同

Their house differs from ours because they have no garage.

他們的房子和我們的不同，因?yàn)樗麄儧]有車庫(kù)。

（2） differ in... 在……方面不同

The two boxes differ in colour but not in size.

這兩個(gè)盒子的顏色不一樣，大小卻相同。

（3） differ with sb about/on/over sth 與……持不同看法

We differ with them on that question.

我們?cè)谀莻€(gè)問題上跟他們的意見不同。

4. present vt. 陳述；提出（觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等）；

展現(xiàn)，顯示

adj. 出席的，到場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)存的，當(dāng)前的

n. 禮物，禮品

When is the committee presenting their report？

委員會(huì)什么時(shí)候提出他們的報(bào)告？

The book presents an interesting picture.

這本書呈現(xiàn)了一幅有趣的畫面。

How many people were present at the meeting ？

參加會(huì)議的有多少人？

We do not have any more information at the present time.

目前我們沒有進(jìn)一步的消息。

What can I get him for a birthday present？

我給他送點(diǎn)什么生日禮物呢？

5. attempt n. 努力；嘗試

v. 努力，嘗試，試圖

They made no attempt to escape.

他們沒有企圖逃跑。

I will attempt to answer all your questions.

我將努力回答你的全部問題。

1） in an attempt to do sth 試圖做某事

2） make an attempt to do/at doing sth 打算做某事

3） attempt to do sth 試圖做某事

6. have...in common 有相同的特點(diǎn)

I married her because we have so many faults in common.

我之所以跟她結(jié)婚，是因?yàn)槲覀儌z有那么多共同的缺點(diǎn)。

1） have sth in common 有共同之處

2） have nothing in common 沒有共同之處

3） have much in common 有很多共同之處

4） have little in common 幾乎沒有共同之處

7. lead to 引起；導(dǎo)致；通向

Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.

過(guò)量的工作和過(guò)少的休息通常會(huì)引發(fā)疾病。

This will lead to trouble in the future.

這將導(dǎo)致以后的麻煩。

All roads lead to Rome.

條條大路通羅馬。

lead vt. 過(guò)（某種生活）

lead a happy/hard/simple life 過(guò)著幸福/艱苦/簡(jiǎn)樸的生活

8. in favour of 同意；支持；看中，選擇

They were in favour of free trade.

他們贊成自由貿(mào)易。

I’m in favour of equal pay for equal work.

我支持同工同酬。

He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a doctor.

他棄教從醫(yī)。

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 幫某人一個(gè)忙

Would you do me a favour and turn off the radio？

能否請(qǐng)你幫我把收音機(jī)關(guān)上？

9. refer to...as... 稱……為……

People refer to this kind of food as cheese.

人們稱這種食物為奶酪。

People who work in offices are usually referred to as“white collar workers”.

那些在辦公室工作的人被稱為“白領(lǐng)”。

refer to 提到，談?wù)?；參考，參照；與……相關(guān)

The scientists referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.

這位科學(xué)家提到這一發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)，說(shuō)是這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中最令人興奮的新發(fā)展。

Please refer to a dictionary if you don’t know the meaning of the word.

如果你不知道這個(gè)詞的意思，就請(qǐng)查查詞典。

What I have to say refers to all of you.

我必須說(shuō)的話適用于你們所有人。

10. pick up （偶然）學(xué)會(huì)；拿起，撿起；（開車）

接人；得到，感染

She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.

她旅居墨西哥時(shí)順便學(xué)會(huì)了西班牙語(yǔ)。

I picked up the book for her.

我替她撿起了那本書。

I’ll pick you up at five.

我五點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)接你。

I seem to have picked up a terrible cold from somewhere.

我似乎從什么地方染上了重感冒。

11. wear off 逐漸消失，消逝；磨掉，磨損

The smell of the new paint will wear off in about a week.

新漆的味道一周內(nèi)就會(huì)消失。

I bought those new plates cheaply， and the pretty rose pattern has worn off already.

那些新盤子我買得很便宜，上面漂亮的玫瑰花紋都已經(jīng)磨掉了。

1） wear away 變薄，磨光

The steps had been worn away by the feet of thousands of people.

成千上萬(wàn)的人把臺(tái)階踏得磨損了。

2） wear out 穿破，用壞；（使）筋疲力竭，耗盡

He wore out two pairs of shoes last year.

去年他穿壞了兩雙鞋。

You’ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.

你要是繼續(xù)這樣拼命工作，身體會(huì)吃不消的。

幽默小故事

I Don’t Want to Walk Home

Tom is a very old man. After dinner， he likes walking in the street. And he goes to bed at seven o’clock.

But tonight， a car stopped at his house. A policeman helped him get out. He told Tom’s wife， “The old man couldn’t find his way in the street. He asked me to take him in the car.”

After the policeman left there， his wife asked， “Tom， you go to the street every night， but tonight you can’t find the way. What’s the matter？”

The old man smiled like a child and said， “I couldn’t find my way？ I didn’t want to walk home.”

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（一）

閱讀地帶

A

What should you think about in trying to find your career？ You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. A girl who spells well and likes English may be good at office work. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand， you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job， they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs， but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.

Your school may have taught you skills， such as typing or technical drawing， which you can use in your work. You may be good at mental work or cookery and look for a job where you can improve these skills.

If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer， think what you have got from it. If nothing else， you may have learned how to get to work on time， to follow instructions， and to get on well with senior workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop， for example. Just as important， you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.

Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you use tools； perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weakness than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record， for example， may not be too good， yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic（抱歉的）about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A. It is important to do well at school.

B. Memory is ability useful in many ways.

C. School performance can help choose a career.

D. One should learn as many subjects as possible.

2. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time is good ___ .

A. to make money

B. to help his future work

C. to spend his spare time

D. to find out his weak point

3. What does the underlined phrase “be all thumbs” probably mean？

A. Be happy.B. Be interested.

C. Be uncertain.D. Be unskillful.

4. According to the passage， if a student’s school record is not good， ___ .

A. he must regret in the future

B. he may be a failure in future life

C. he can still do well in his future work

D. he will find it hard to get a suitable job

B

Should e-cigarettes （electronic cigarettes） be a new choice for smokers trying to get rid of the habit？ Reactions from Americans are mixed. More than half of the people questioned in a survey think e-cigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration， but 47 percent believe the e-cigarettes should be available to smokers who want to quit.

“In the hunt for a safer cigarette， e-cigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replacing standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers（生產(chǎn)者）claim to be safer，” Zogby International， which conducted the survey， said in a statement.

About half of the 4，611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about e-cigarettes， which are battery-powered， or rechargeable（可再次充電的）cigarettes that vaporize（蒸發(fā)）a liquid nicotine. They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell. Sold mostly on the Internet， e-cigarettes were first made in China.

Last year the World Health Organization （WHO） warned against using e-cigarettes， saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or could help smokers break the habit. The WHO said people who smoke e-cigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs.

Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that e-cigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden， because they don’t produce smoke， but 46 percent disagreed. Men who knew the availability of e-cigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit. Young people， aged 18-29， and singles were the groups most open to trying e-cigarettes. Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide， according to the WHO.

5. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？

A. Many American smokers try e-cigarettes.

B. E-cigarettes will be forbidden in America.

C. Most Americans want to give up smoking.

D. Americans have different opinions about e-cigarettes.

6. According to Zogby International， e-cigarettes are ___ .

A. safer than common ones

B. produced in a cheaper way

C. popular among those trying to quit

D. meant to take the place of traditional ones

7. What is the reason why WHO is against using e-cigarettes？

a. Nobody proves the safety.

b. They were first made in China.

c. Nicotine still gets into the lungs.

d. It is unknown whether they could help break the habit.

A. a， b， cB. a， b， d

C. b， c， dD. a， c， d

8. What can be concluded from the last paragraph？

A. The youth tend to try e-cigarettes.

B. Most women agree to use e-cigarettes.

C. People can smoke e-cigarettes in public places.

D. Smoking is a serious problem around the world.

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. ____ it is very difficult to describe such a complex system in simple terms.

2. It’s good manners to ____ up at the bus stop for the bus.

3. What he said was very ____ and I couldn’t understand.

4. ____ with our first house， this new one has a better view.

5. Two groups were ____ from the survey—the old and women.

6. There is a wide ____ of projects to choose from in building this house.

7. Early ____ had an extremely difficult life in opening up and developing the new continent.

8. James was ____ upon the subject when I came into the room.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. It was obviously to everyone that the child had been badly treated.____

2. He didn’t come to my birthday party for variety of reasons.

____

3. The two sisters differ widely with their hobbies.____

4. It was a very confused situation and we didn’t know how to deal with it.____

單句翻譯

1. 除了說(shuō)同一種語(yǔ)言之外，我們沒有什么共同點(diǎn)。

2. 化學(xué)老師告訴我們食用過(guò)多的糖會(huì)引起健康問題。

3. 他是否出席會(huì)議對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。

4. 如果理解這篇文章有什么困難的話，請(qǐng)立刻告訴我。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. Compare this painting ___ that one； what do they have ___ ？

A. to； in commonB. with； in common

C. to； commonD. with； common

2. I hope that you’ll be careful to type the letter. Don’t ___ anything.

A. omitB. lack

C. leaveD. spell

3. My best friend has difficulty ___ spelling some of the words in American English while I have trouble ___ pronunciation.

A. in； inB. with； in

C. in； withD. with； with

4. The cost of living in this neighborhood is the lowest in Britain， ___ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.

A. forB. so

C. orD. while

5. Most people are ___ bringing down the price of housing because it’s too high for them.

A. in charge ofB. in favour of

C. in search ofD. in honour of

6. We all need ___ in our diet， which is good for our health.

A. differenceB. comparison

C. varietyD. combination

7. Your age shouldn’t make any difference ___ whether you get the job or not.

A. withB. to

C. forD. at

8. We would be interested to hear your ___ on the essay we have just read.

A. notesB. remarks

C. spotsD. marks

閱讀表達(dá)

When I was sixteen years old， I made my first visit to the United States. It wasn’t the first time I had been abroad. Like most English children， I learned French at school. And I had often been to France， so I was used to speaking a foreign language to people who didn’t understand French. But when I went to America I was really looking forward to having a nice easy holiday without any language problem.

How wrong I was！ The misunderstanding began at the airport. I was looking for a public telephone to give my friend Danny who had been in America since several years ago a call and tell him that I had arrived. A friendly old man saw me looking lost and asked if he could help me.

“Yes，” I said， “I want to give my friend a ring.”

“Well， that’s nice，” he said. “Are you getting married？ But aren’t you a bit young？”

“Who is talking about marriage？” I replied. “I only want to give my friend a ring to tell him I’ve arrived. Can you tell me where a phone box is？”

“Oh，” he said， “There is a phone downstairs.”

When at last we met， Danny explained the misunder-standing to me.

“Don’t worry，” he said to me. “I had so many difficulties at first. There are lots of words which Americans use differently in meaning from the British. You’ll soon get used to all the funny things they say. Most of the time， British and American people understand each other！”

1. What did the writer expect before he went to America？ （within 9 words）

2. Where did the misunderstanding begin？ （within 3 words）

3. What did the writer want to do when he was at the airport？ （within 7 words）

4. What does “give somebody a ring” imply according to the old man？ （within 4 words）

5. What caused the misunderstanding？ （within 8 words）

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（二）

閱讀地帶

A

During my high school years， the most important thing was what I was wearing to the Friday night dance and who I was taking. Although college was talked about， it was the least of my worries.

When I was graduating eighth grade and starting high school， my older brother was graduating twelfth grade and going on to college. For my graduation， he gave me a card in which he wrote， “Enjoy your four years... They go by fast.” I remember not believing him then， but looking back... He was right. Those four years shaped who I was as a person， pushed me to my limit and encouraged me to become an adult.

However， I was so completely absorbed in my junior and senior years of high school， that when someone spoke of college I brushed it off. I wasn’t ready to leave my comfort zone of having all of my closest friends together and knowing what every single day was going to be like. Studying was something I did only AFTER I nailed my half-time dance performance. I knew my parents wanted me to go to college， so I told them I would go to community college and I didn’t worry about my SAT（美國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試）scores.

When my senior years passed and everyone graduated and went off to their own colleges， I started to wish I had done the same. My friends were living away， meeting new people， discovering new places， while I was living at home and driving to and from class every day. It seemed exactly like high school. I hated it！ I thought college was supposed to be different！ Why didn’t I take more time to research colleges and do the same？ I ended up loving college and wishing I had four years to enjoy the campus（大學(xué)校園）atmosphere instead of two.

My advice to anyone thinking about attending college is to think about it very seriously and look into all of your choices well ahead of time. Now I have graduated and I am working full time and I would do anything to go back to my high school days for a second chance！

1. The author’s brother gave him a card to tell him ___ .

A. to go on dancing

B. to leave his comfort zone

C. to value the following years

D. to aim at a college as others

2. Why didn’t the author worry about his SAT scores？

A. He would be admitted for his gift for dance.

B. He wanted to go to a community college.

C. He believed his brother would help him.

D. He was prepared for the exam.

3. When in high school， the author ___ .

A. stayed with the parents

B. buried himself in study all the time

C. lived in the school except on holidays

D. enjoyed talking about future college life

4. How does the author feel talking about the high school years？

A. Excited. B. Afraid.

C. Ashamed. D. Regretful.

B

One day， my husband and I went to Greece to visit a well-known temple. We happened to see a French lady who was walking by herself with a stick and obviously had difficulty with the 300 steps that led up to the temple. Noticing her French accent， I started speaking French with her， and she appreciated that， saying her English wasn’t very good. She said729d9f17e700762a878c0f1a6ba2ed91 the next day she would travel to the village we were staying at and I was looking forward to talking to her again， because I enjoyed practicing my French.

The next day I didn’t see her. So I thought I maybe missed her. Then， three days later I suddenly met her again at the beach， and she said she was going to take the ferry（渡船）that night at 2 am and was now looking for a place which was close to the port to stay， because obviously she couldn’t take her suitcase to the port all on her own in the middle of the night.

The hotel she was staying at was rather expensive. I suggested an inexpensive restaurant to her which was on the beach-front， a short walk from the port. As her hotel didn’t offer to take her suitcase to the port， I went with her to her hotel and carried her things to the restaurant.

She was so moved and said nowadays people didn’t do this sort of things any more. But I thought it was normal， because my parents brought me up to carry old ladies’ shopping bags and so on.

She insisted on buying me a drink， and while drinking she told me a lot about herself. She was a well-known French actress back in the 1970s and stopped making films in 1982 because of some illness. We had a very interesting talk that evening， and she gave me her address. It’s so rewarding（值得做的）to help others. I wish I could get the chance to do it more often.

5. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the old lady ___ .

A. was visiting a temple

B. hated to speak English

C. was working in Greece

D. reached the temple with the writer’s help

6. Why did the writer hope to meet the lady again？

A. To visit the temple with her.

B. To help her go to the port.

C. To teach her English.

D. To practice French.

7. How does the writer think of giving a helping hand？

A. It’s difficult.B. It’s necessary.

C. It’s normal.D. It’s unusual.

8. Why did the lady insist on buying the writer a drink？

A. To share it with her.

B. To show her thanks.

C. To continue the story.

D. To learn how to be helpful.

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. The darkness was ____ growing， and the people were becoming more and more worried.

2. The disease is spreading ____ after the sudden earth-quake shook the city.

3. It is only by ____ the other side unprepared that we can stand in advantage.

4. ____ of births， marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers.

5. If you press that ____ ， all the lights in this building will come on.

6. Many countries have sent up man-made ____ to cricle the earth.

7. ____ is the scientific study of language according to the definition in the dictionary.

8. The weather in this city lacks ____ ， and the temperature is always the same.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. He was given the suitcase his father and grandfather taken with to school.___

2. Whom is the notebook on that table belong to？___

3. Where have you been after I last time saw you three years ago in Beijing？___

4. As a boy， he used to working in a small shop in the town to make some money on his own.___

單句翻譯

1. 瑪麗是一個(gè)善良的女孩，她和她的同學(xué)們相處融洽。

2. 湯姆午餐時(shí)去售票處，但票已經(jīng)全部賣完了。

3. 今晚我不打算和你爭(zhēng)論，因?yàn)槲覍?shí)在太累了。

4. 天氣暖和一點(diǎn)雪就會(huì)開始融化是不變的自然規(guī)律。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. The hotel wasn’t very good， but I ___ in many worse hotels.

A. stayedB. had stayed

C. was stayingD. would stay

2. My brother ___ Tom very well. They knew each other 10 years ago.

A. knowsB. is knowing

C. knewD. had been known

3. My friend ___ back from America where he studied law and art. He ___ last night.

A. has come； cameB. came； came

C. has come； had comeD. had come； come

4. It is almost five years ___ we saw each other in a nice restaurant last time.

A. forB. when

C. beforeD. since

5. Look at the timetable. Hurry up！ Flight 438 ___ off at 17：30.

A. will takeB. takes

C. will be takenD. has taken

6. Tom has studied Russian ___ more than five years.

A. sinceB. for

C. withD. before

7. The television is without question one of the greatest inventions that ___ by mankind so far.

A. was createdB. has been created

C. were createdD. have been created

8. Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ into being.

A. cameB. comes

C. was comingD. had come

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（三）

閱讀地帶

A

The moment Frank， Jasmine and their parents settled in a small， comfortable hotel at the bottom of a mountain， they went outside and looked around. What they saw around them were huge mountains. “I can’t wait to ski，” said Frank.

The next day they set off very early. They took the chairlift up to the top of one mountain. They got out at the top of the mountain and looked down at the village. They could only see small matchbox houses and the people walking round were ants.

Frank and Jasmine set off down the mountain at top speed. This mountain was much steeper than the others. Jasmine felt herself going out of control and fell into some soft green trees.

“Are you okay？” Frank turned back and shouted from a distance.

“Yes， I’m alright，” she shouted back.

Then Jasmine heard a low noise from the other side of the mountain. She looked across and saw that the clouds were black. The noise continued and then she saw it. A huge sheet of white snow was heading towards Frank.

“Frank， ski quickly！” she shouted. “It’s an avalanche （雪崩）！” And suddenly everything was dark.

Then the search began. But no sign of the children was found. As the dark clouds brought rain and then more snow in the afternoon， it was almost impossible to search. The rescue team were about to give up the search when they heard Bruno， Frank and Jasmine’s pet dog， barking loudly in the green trees. He came out of the trees carrying a boot. It was one of Frank’s.

The team followed Bruno into the trees and found Frank lying under them. Not far away， Jasmine was found. They were taken to hospital. After a week they felt much better. One afternoon Bruno came to visit them. Jasmine said， “Thank you， Bruno. You saved our lives！” The dog barked happily.

1. How did Frank feel when he arrived at his destination？

A. Nervous.B. Excited.

C. Curious.D. Surprised.

2. Why did Jasmine fall into the trees？

A. She was speeding.

B. The slope was steep.

C. Something frightened her.

D. The beauty of the mountain attracted her.

3. What can we say about the avalanche？

A. It happened because of too much snow.

B. It happened because of the heavy rain.

C. It covered the children in a second.

D. It came from another mountain.

4. The children could be saved mainly thanks to ___ .

A. the rescue teamB. their parents

C. the hospitalD. their dog

B

Apopular saying goes， “Sticks and stones may break my bones， but words will never hurt me.” However， that’s not really true. Words have the power to build us up or tear us down. It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves—the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

We all talk to ourselves sometimes. We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it， though. In fact， we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

This “self-talk” helps us motivate（刺激）ourselves， remember things， solve problems， and calm ourselves down. Be aware， though， that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative. So in order to stay positive， we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves. We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back. The next time you finish a project， do well in a test， or finally clean your room， join me in saying “Good job！”

Often， words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have. But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others.

Words possess power because of their lasting effect. Many of us regret something we once said. And we remember unkind words said to us！ Before speaking， we should always ask ourselves： Is it true？ Is it loving？ Is it needed？ If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test， then it’s better left unsaid.

Words possess power： both positive and negative. Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively. We can offer hope， build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things. Will we use our words to hurt or to heal？ The choice is ours.

5. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？

A. Words will hurt us instead of sticks or stones.

B. Inspiring words give us confidence.

C. Negative words may let us down.

D. Words have a lasting effect on us.

6. Why is there no sense for us to feel embarrassed if we talk to ourselves？

A. Almost everyone has the habit of self-talk.

B. We can benefit from talking to ourselves.

C. Talking to oneself makes him wise.

D. Self-talk is accepted by others.

7. The underlined part in Paragraph 3 means that we should also timely ___ .

365b6aea8bce21a09dded837ec10abf575ee6f185e577ce1308db6da6024f7d5A. praise ourselves

B. remind ourselves

C. make ourselves relaxed

D. give ourselves amusement

8. We can learn from the text the author mainly wants to tell readers ___ .

A. to speak positively

B. to be kind to others

C. to think twice before talking to yourself

D. to do more as much self-talking as possible

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. The waiter replied in heavily ____ French-English， “We do not serve the hamburger.”

2. The trains and ____ in Tokyo carry thousands of people to and from work every day.

3. They obviously could not tell the ____ between Indian music and jazz.

4. This dictionary is now in its sixth ____ .

5. Those guys over there are the ____ I’ve ever seen.

6. The fire is going out. Will you please ____ some wood？

7. Are you ____ a paper at the meeting which focuses on developing the quality of people’s life？

8. A ____ of parties formed the new government as no single party was strong enough.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. When he was a new member of the team， everyone made fuss of him.___

2. I’m not used to eat so much at lunchtimes.___

3. She suggested put the meeting off， for we prepared for it.

___

4. I’ve gained some working and social experience and I have learnt something can’t be learnt from textbooks.___

單句翻譯

1. 自從兩個(gè)月前搬到那里后，孩子們很快就學(xué)會(huì)了說(shuō)當(dāng)?shù)乜谝舻脑挕?/p>

2. 醫(yī)生告訴我不久藥效就會(huì)逐漸消失。

3. 到目前為止你覺得這場(chǎng)由英國(guó)皇家馬戲團(tuán)帶來(lái)的演出怎么樣？

4. 我們將在這兒待上兩三周，享受這里美麗的自然風(fēng)光和悠閑的生活。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. ___ that my head had cleared， my brain was also beginning to work much better.

A. SinceB. For

C. NowD. Because

2. He tried his best to solve the problem， ___ difficult it was.

A. no matterB. whatever

C. whereverD. however

3. You did nothing wrong in building that big and elegant house， ___ I can see.

A. so farB. by far

C. as far asD. far from

4. He is disappointed at not getting the job， but he’ll ___ the matter in a few days.

A. get upB. get over

C. get aroundD. get down

5. The book is being printed and it will soon ___ with a beautiful cover and colorful contents.

A. come outB. get out

C. turn outD. start out

6. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ___ my father.

A. give outB. look out

C. pick outD. speak out

7. — It’s a good idea. But who’s going to ___ the plan？

— I think Chuck and Edward will.

A. carry aboutB. carry out

C. carry offD. carry on

8. — Bill， can I get you something to drink？d0T1dLWFVjWmgI0JcIJ/pMmvYdMsrSrSA12ICcf2DiY=

— ___ .

A. You are welcome

B. No problem

C. It doesn’t matter

D. I wouldn’t mind a cup of coffee

閱讀表達(dá)

“Colour” and “color”， “favourite” and “favorite”... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”？ Is it because they are lazy？

Of course not. In fact， the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster （1758—1843）. He was a teacher who changed some English to make American identity stronger. Linguists celebrated his 255th birthday on October 16.

After the Revolutionary War （1775—1783）， Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary， rather than rely on British edition.

He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.

Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining（定義）“preposterous” （unreasonable）， he wrote， “Republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”

Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70，000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spelling. He also added local words.

His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity（統(tǒng)一）and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.

“He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity，” said Joshua Kendall， who is working on a biography（傳記）about Webster. “He at last united us through our language.”

1. Who created the spelling differences between British and American English？ （within 2 words）

2. What can American children benefit from Webster changing “centre” into “center”？ （within 10 words）

3. When did Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary？ （within 2 words）

4. Why did Webster create these differences in his dictionary？ （within 10 words）

5. What kind of person did Joshua Kendall say about Noah webster？ （within 10 words）

跟蹤導(dǎo)練（四）

閱讀地帶

A

Dear Editor，

Brockingham is run by people who are more interested in tourists than its citizens. The problem is that the people running the government refuse to accept new ideas. By banning all fast-food restaurants and discount stores， they take away all the places kids can afford to shop.

These people forget that when they were young， they could go to the South Street Soda Fountain and get an ice-cream soda for 25 cents. Today you can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2！ Where can kids go for a snack？

There is not a single restaurant in Brockingham where a family of four can eat dinner for less than $100. Add a 15% tip and sales tax and you need to spend nearly $125 to eat a meal you could prepare at home for about $12. Have you noticed that Brockingham families never dine in Brockingham？

Fast-food restaurants are also a good place for school kids to get an after-school job. Fast-food restaurants are the busiest during the early supper hours when students are able to work， while the fancy（高檔的）food restaurants satisfy late-night diners’ need. Working in one of these establishments requires working shifts that are too late for most students.

The City Council claims that local merchants， rather than national chains（連鎖店）， should benefit from the tourist business. I agree that it is important to support local businesses， but I think the fast-food restaurants would encourage more people to shop in Brockingham.

Another thing that annoys me is that we must travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store. If I need a tire for my bike， I have a choice of buying one at Surf and Peddle Sport Shop for $15 or driving to Parkersburg Discount Center where I can buy the same kind of tire for $9. Again， I think the ban on all food chains and discount houses is counterproductive for our city.

Wes Woodrow

9th-Grade Student at Brockingham High School

1. Why does Wes Woodrow write this letter to the editor？

A. The writer has to travel 25 miles to the nearest discount store.

B. The writer can’t find an ice-cream soda anywhere in Brockingham for less than $2.

C. The government bans all fast-food restaurants and discount stores in Brockingham.

D. A family of four can’t find a restaurant in Brockingham to eat dinner for less than $100.

2. What can be inferred from the letter？

A. The writer used to buy a lot of ice-cream sodas.

B. The discount stores usually offer a discount of 40%.

C. The students refuse to work in fancy food restaurants.

D. The government’s ban benefits local businessmen much.

3. The underlined word “counterproductive” in Paragraph 5 probably means ___ .

A. cheapB. harmful

C. doubtfulD. surprising

4. One way the writer of this letter tries to convince the reader is by ___ .

A. complaining that someone has to drive him to Parkersburg

B. getting an after-school job in fast-food restaurants himself

C. suggesting that many businessmen have the same opinion

D. giving specific examples of the high costs in Brockingham

B

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples （取樣）from the throats of patients and in his hospital he was able to find the virus（病毒）of this influenza.

There were three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are type A and B， each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak（爆發(fā)）was due to a virus in group A， but he did not know the sub-group. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. WHO published the important news along with the reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong， where about 15-20% of the population had become ill.

As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples， doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed， the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests， the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known sub-groups of virus type A. None of them gave any protection. This， then， was something new， a new influenza virus， against which the people of the world had no help whatever.

Having found the virus they were working with， the two doctors then dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals， which get influenza much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch， but that it was not a killer. Scientists， like the general public， call it simply “Asian flu”.

5. The doctor in Singapore performed a valuable service by ___ .

A. finding the sub-group of the virus

B. developing a cure for the disease

C. keeping his patients apart from others

D. reporting the outbreak to Geneva

6. One interesting thing about the virus was that ___ .

A. it was especially weak

B. it was similar to other viruses

C. it could reproduce with great speed

D. it had samples frozen and packed in dry ice

7. London doctors considered ___ .

A. Asian flu as a bad cold

B. the influenza a new one

C. it was necessary to test virus type A

D. there were three new types of influenza

8. The experiments on animals proved that this type of influenza ___ .

A. was not deadly

B. had rather slight effects

C. could possibly cause death

D. did not have the usual signs

單詞訓(xùn)練營(yíng)

從下列方框里10個(gè)單詞中選擇8個(gè)適當(dāng)單詞的正確形式填入下列各句中，使其句意完整。每個(gè)單詞只使用一次。

1. I used to go to work by ____ when I was in London.

2. In order to escape from the unhappy life that he had lived for many years， he made several ____ .

3. Noah Webster wrote a dictionary in order to ____ the spelling of English words.

4. The new girl in our class has a very ____ way of speaking.

5. After five minutes Adam returned， ____ more anxious than before.

6. The practice， which has been ____ by linguists and intellectuals in China， is gaining popularity here.

7. The teacher asked the students to write in ____ English.

8. The books on that shelf are for ____ only.

單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句每句有1個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

1. Yesterday Jimmy told us about his experiences during a young man.___

2. He didn’t decide if to leave or stay in this desperate place.

___

3. Tom has too much trouble in his Chinese and he often asks me for help.___

4. My best friend told me that he had a long way to succeed.

___

單句翻譯

1. 裁掉老員工的決定遭到了俱樂部中大多數(shù)人的批評(píng)。

2. 他竭盡全力嘗試找人幫忙，但沒人愿意幫助他。

3. 在社會(huì)進(jìn)步與發(fā)展的同時(shí)，人們也在同環(huán)境污染作斗爭(zhēng)。

4. 就我本人而言，我完全贊成這棟樓的設(shè)計(jì)，湯姆投資了一大筆錢進(jìn)去。

單項(xiàng)選擇

1. The money he spends every month ___ about 100 Yuan.

A. addsB. adds up

C. adds toD. adds up to

2. You are allowed to ___ your notes if you really need to do that.

A. ask forB. refer to

C. look overD. look for

3. Our boss is critical ___ the way we try our best to figure out to do the work.

A. ofB. in

C. withD. at

4. Hank suggested ___ a meeting and it suggested he___ in our plan.

A. holding； be interestedB. to hold； be interested

C. holding； was interestedD. to hold； was interested

5. By the end of 2012， about a million people had flooded into the city， ___ up 10 percent of its total population.

A. madeB. make

C. makingD. to be made

6. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea ___ the party is to be held？

A. whatB. that

C. whichD. where

7. He found it increasingly difficult to read， ___ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. butB. so

C. forD. though

8. — How do you ___ we go to Beijing for our holidays？

— I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more convenient.

A. feelB. suggest

C. considerD. suppose