許多城市都有有趣的別名,這有助于樹立一個(gè)城市的形象,還能激發(fā)當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姷淖院栏?。本期的《小詞大義》將給大家介紹美國(guó)城市新奧爾良(New Orleans)和拉斯維加斯(Las Vegas)的別名。
New Orleans, Louisiana probably has more nicknames than any other American city. One web site lists more than twenty nicknames. The most famous is “The Big Easy.” It describes the gentle, slow and easy-going way of life in New Orleans.
So how did the city get this nickname? In the early 1900s there was a dance hall in New Orleans called “The Big Easy.” But the nickname did not become famous until the early 1970s. That was when a Louisiana newspaper writer began calling New Orleans by this name. She compared the easy-going way of life there to the hurried pace of life in New York City.
In 1970, James Conaway wrote a crime novel called “The Big Easy.”The story was set in New Orleans. In 1987, that book was made into a film which made the nickname even more popular.
New Orleans has other nicknames.
One of them is “The Crescent City.” During the 19th century, new neighborhoods expanded out from what is now known as the French Quarter. These areas followed the great curve of the Mississippi River, giving New Orleans the shape of a crescent.
Another nickname is “The Birthplace of Jazz,” because that kind of music started in New Orleans. It is also called “Mardi Gras City” for the wild celebrations and parades that take place there every year. And, there is a nickname that uses the short way to write New Orleans and Louisiana. If you do not want to use the complete name, you can call the city “NOLA.”
One of Americas most exciting cities is Las Vegas, Nevada. There you can play games of chance all night long. The citys nightclubs are also open all night for eating, drinking and dancing. So it is not surprising that Las Vegas is called “The Gambling Capital of the World”and “The Entertainment Capital of the World.”
Another nickname for Las Vegas is “Sin City” because you can find many kinds of adult entertainment there. Many people who come to Las Vegas in hopes of winning lots of money do not know when to stop gambling. They may lose a great deal of their hard-earned money. So the city is also called something that sounds like Las Vegas—“Lost Wages.”
In 1964, Elvis Presley starred in a movie called “Viva Las Vegas.”Here he sings the title song from that movie.
新奧爾良(New Orleans)是北美洲最獨(dú)特、文化最多元的城市之一,位于密西西比河畔、路易斯安那州南部,建立于1718年。新奧爾良是路易斯安那州一個(gè)重要的港口城市,也是美國(guó)僅次于紐約的第二大港城,以爵士樂和法國(guó)殖民地文化聞名。
“大快活”(The Big Easy)是新奧爾良最為人熟知的別稱,早在法國(guó)殖民地時(shí)期,這里就是貴族階層最奢靡腐化、日夜笙歌的快活之地。20世紀(jì)初,在新奧爾良出現(xiàn)了一家名叫“大快活”的夜總會(huì),直到20世紀(jì)70年代,路易斯安那州的一名報(bào)社記者將“大快活”用于稱呼新奧爾良,這個(gè)表現(xiàn)其悠閑自如生活方式的昵稱才廣為流傳至今,正好與紐約大都市緊張的生活節(jié)奏形成鮮明的對(duì)比。
1970年,James Conaway出版了犯罪小說(shuō)《大出意外》(The Big Easy),1987年被改編成同名電影,故事發(fā)生的背景就設(shè)定在新奧爾良,使得“大快活”這個(gè)別稱更為大眾所知。
“新月城”(The Crescent City)這一別稱則是源于新奧爾良的地理位置。19世紀(jì),新的社區(qū)沿著密西西比河大彎曲的河岸線從如今的法國(guó)街開始延伸,形成了一個(gè)新月形的輪廓,新奧爾良“新月城”的別稱便由此而來(lái)。
19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,一種根基來(lái)自布魯斯(Blues)和拉格泰姆(Ragtime)的音樂形成——爵士樂(Jazz)在新奧爾良流行開來(lái),這里也因此被稱為“爵士樂的誕生地”(The Birthplace of Jazz)。二戰(zhàn)后期,爵士樂成為美國(guó)黑人消遣的一種方式,如今逐漸發(fā)展成為主流音樂之一,世界爵士樂的一代宗師Louis Armstrong就是土生土長(zhǎng)的新奧爾良人。
當(dāng)?shù)匾荒暌欢鹊膫鹘y(tǒng)盛會(huì)馬蒂瓜狂歡節(jié)(Mardi Gras Day)始于法國(guó)殖民地時(shí)期。Mardi Gras是一個(gè)法語(yǔ)詞匯,意思是“盛大的星期二”。根據(jù)天主教的傳統(tǒng),自星期三圣慶日至復(fù)活節(jié)前6周為紀(jì)念耶穌受難的齋戒期,因此這之前的星期二人們就大吃一頓,這是天主教國(guó)家中比較普遍的一個(gè)節(jié)日,其中新奧爾良的狂歡節(jié)可謂是最為盛大,因此也被譽(yù)為“狂歡之都”(Mardi Gras City)。
新奧爾良人親切地將這個(gè)城市稱為“諾拉”(NOLA),這是“New Orleans, Louisiana”的縮寫形式。
拉斯維加斯(Las Vegas)是美國(guó)內(nèi)華達(dá)州的最大城市,以賭博業(yè)為中心的龐大的旅游、購(gòu)物、度假產(chǎn)業(yè)而聞名于世。拉斯維加斯在短短數(shù)十年間脫胎換骨,從一個(gè)巨型游樂場(chǎng)到一個(gè)活色生香的都市,從一個(gè)小村莊演變成為世界聞名的旅游城市。
拉斯維加斯是全球四大賭城(The Gambling Capital of the World)之一,同時(shí)也是個(gè)不夜城,這里的夜總會(huì)徹夜開放,提供娛樂活動(dòng),被稱為“世界娛樂之都”(The Entertainment Capital of the World)也就不足為奇了。
拉斯維加斯也被稱為“罪惡之城”(Sin City),因?yàn)樵谶@里你可以找到各種各樣的成人娛樂活動(dòng)。很多希望在拉斯維加斯依靠博彩大贏一把的人不知道該何時(shí)收手,有時(shí)候可能會(huì)輸?shù)糇约盒量噘崄?lái)的錢,因此也有人將拉斯維加斯稱為“工資輸光光”(Lost Wages),這正好是Las Vegas的諧音。