盧偉棟
縱觀近幾年浙江省高考英語卷的完形填空題,選文均是平淡之中蘊含做人道理的小故事。因此,做完形填空題實際上是一個幫助作者把故事講述完整的過程。下面以2012年高考英語浙江卷的完形填空題為例,來談?wù)勗鯓犹孀髡咧v述故事,做好完形填空題。
【2012年高考英語浙江卷】 閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從第21~40 各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C 和D)中,選出最佳選項。
“Just sign here, sir,” the deliveryman said as he handed Oscar Reyna a package.
The package consisted of a long, narrow box 21 wrapped in brown paper. 22 the box, Oscar saw an umbrella inside—a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle.
23 he had not seen it in more than 20 years, he recognized it 24 .
Oscar was 16 when he first saw the 25 umbrella. He had gone to a concert with his grandparents. As they were leaving, he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat. Impressed by its 26 , Oscar felt a strong desire to find its 27 .
Oscar 28 the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales. Just as he thought, a name matched the seat 29 Oscar had found the umbrella. The name was Mrs Katie OBrien.
Oscar talked his grandparents into going by Mrs OBriens 30 on their way home. He rang the bell, the door opened and an elderly woman appeared. “May I 31 you?” she asked.
“Id like to return it if its yours,” Oscar said, 32 the umbrella as if presenting a
33 that had long been wished for.
“Why, yes! Its mine,” replied Mrs OBrien with a 34 smile and shining eyes. “It was given to me by my father years ago. Thank you so much for returning it. May I offer you a reward for your 35 ?”
“No, maam,” he said. “My grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”
“Well, thats 36 what my father used to say. What is your name, young man?”
Years later, Oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered Mrs OBrien. It was in perfect condition, considering how 37 it was. Why had it arrived here today?
As if 38 , a note fell from the paper. It read: Mrs OBrien wanted you to 39 this umbrella as a present for a kind, 40 gesture long ago.
21. A. strictly B. carefully C. roughly D. casually
22. A. Opening B. Seizing C. Observing D. Searching
23. A. After B. When C. Since D. Although
24. A. clearly B. fully C. immediately D. suddenly
25. A. average B. unusual C. plain D. typical
26. A. beauty B. shape C. origin D. history
27. A. designer B. seller C. user D. owner
28. A. convinced B. forced C. encouraged D. advised
29. A. until B. before C. which D. where
30. A. family B. theater C. house D. neighborhood
31. A. invite B. help C. bother D. know
32. A. putting up B. turning out C. picking up D. holding out
33. A. chance B. fact C. gift D. result
34. A. wide B. confident C. proud D. shy
35. A. patience B. kindness C. courage D. determination
36. A. obviously B. naturally C. exactly D. probably
37. A. old B. rare C. precious D. nice
38. A. in contrast B. in return C. in exchange D. in answer
39. A. possess B. accept C. carry D. value
40. A. attractive B. significant C. unselfish D. sympathetic
首先,在讀故事中“完形”。
要講好故事,必須先讀懂故事。所以在填空之前,應(yīng)先“完形”,即克服挖空的干擾,通讀全文,理清故事的情節(jié)與情感線索,領(lǐng)悟故事的主旨或作者的意圖。
很多同學(xué)會在沒有通讀全文、還不知道情節(jié)發(fā)展的情況下就開始填空。這樣做小則曲解單個句子的句意,大則對整個段落的理解有偏差,導(dǎo)致填到后面的空格時又回過頭來改前面的答案。雖然被挖去20個詞或短語,但考查的畢竟是一篇情節(jié)簡單、語句和語意較為連貫的小短文,這種局部的殘缺僅僅是干擾但不會影響我們對故事整體的理解。磨刀不誤砍柴工,選詞填空前的通讀步驟切不可省略。
通讀浙江卷這篇短文,我們不難整理出這個故事的情節(jié)和情感線索。
(1) 情節(jié)線:
Oscar收到郵包——看到雨傘——回憶撿到雨傘和送還雨傘——回到現(xiàn)實,傘是禮物。
(2) 情感線有兩條:
Oscar:驚訝(收到郵包)——觸動(撿到的雨傘十分精致)——急切(歸還雨傘)——平和(面對感激)——困惑(多年后收到雨傘)。
Mrs OBrien:困惑(Oscar造訪)——喜出望外(雨傘失而復(fù)得)——珍惜(雨傘)——感激(Oscar送還雨傘)——被深深打動(Oscar對回報的回答)。
整理出這些線索后,我們不但了解了故事大意,同時還明白了其中蘊含的道理,即 “勿以善小而不為”,故事贊揚了無私、善良、誠信的人性之美。這為下一步具體的選詞填空奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
其次,在講故事中“填空”。
讀懂故事之后就開始選詞填空,填入的詞語不僅要詞義正確,還要使句意明確、情節(jié)連貫、情感合理。要達到這些要求,就必須根據(jù)情節(jié)和情感線索,緊扣主題,洞察作者的用詞意圖,保證情節(jié)發(fā)展與人物情感的自然性。
浙江卷這篇短文的第一段只有一句話,告訴我們Oscar收到了一個郵包。當(dāng)一個人簽收了郵包,接下去自然是由外到里查看郵包,所以第二段講述的是Oscar觀察郵包的外形和包裝、打開郵包發(fā)現(xiàn)里面是一把雨傘以及他的反應(yīng)。
21. 這里要填入一個修飾wrapped的副詞,可以是“細心地”(carefully),也可以是“粗糙地”(roughly)、“隨意地”(casually)。通過第一遍的通讀,我們知道雨傘主人Mrs OBrien對這把傘十分珍惜,因而這個包裹肯定是細心包好的,所以選B。
22. 看完外包裝,下一個動作自然是看郵包里面是什么。只有打開包裹才能看到里面的物品,所以這里填Opening。
23~24. 打開包裹,看到一把有著雕刻木柄的老舊雨傘,收件人一定會有反應(yīng),23、24兩空所在的句子對此進行了描述。讀過一遍文章后,我們已經(jīng)知道Oscar對撿雨傘、還雨傘這件事記憶猶新,否則就不可能馬上回憶起往事,所以這句話表述的是“雖然他二十多年沒有見到這把雨傘了,但還是一眼就認出了它”。因此,第23題選Although,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;第24題選immediately。其他選項clearly, fully, suddenly都不符合句意。
雖然二十多年沒見到這把雨傘了,但Oscar還能一眼就認出它,為什么呢?下面肯定要解答讀者心中的疑問,所以第三段講述了Oscar對這把雨傘的回憶。
25. 二十多年沒見依然一眼就能認出,可見這把雨傘一定是非同尋常的,所以填入unusual。有些同學(xué)會填typical,這個詞意為“典型的、有代表性的”,用在這里并不合適。
26. 前文交待過這是一把雕刻精致的雨傘,雨傘不會有什么令人印象深刻的形狀(shape),它的歷史(history)與來源(origin)也不是發(fā)現(xiàn)它時一眼就能看出的,所以這里填入beauty最恰當(dāng),與前文中的with a beautifully carved wooden handle呼應(yīng)。
27. 這把傘這么漂亮,丟了傘的人一定會著急難過,我們知道Oscar是個善良的人,所以他有強烈的愿望要物歸原主?!皞愕闹魅恕庇胦wner表示比user準確,user只是使用者,不代表擁有這把傘。
……
由于篇幅所限,這里就不對這篇文章的所有挖空處進行分析了。從上面七道題的選擇我們就能看出,選詞填空的正確做法是邊讀故事邊選擇,緊緊隨著情節(jié)的發(fā)展對空白處所缺之詞做出預(yù)測,然后再從選項中選出最貼切的詞。只看挖空的句子,不聯(lián)系上下文,不辨析各個選項表意的差別,選出的答案往往容易只滿足單個句子句意的需要,卻不符合全文情節(jié)的發(fā)展或情感的連貫。
中學(xué)生天地·高中學(xué)習(xí)版2013年5期