江西省吉安市吉安縣立中學(xué) 周智娟
細(xì)節(jié)題,顧名思義就是指針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題。有些問(wèn)題是可以直接從文中找到答案的,但有些則需要我們?cè)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理,如計(jì)算、排序、判斷、比較等。綜觀近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀,此類(lèi)型由過(guò)去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座轉(zhuǎn)向通過(guò)語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查同學(xué)們對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力,因此難度以往有所增加。以江西2012年高考試題為例,A 篇 56,57,58,60;B 篇 63,64;C 篇66,67,68,69;D 篇 73 均為細(xì)節(jié)題。 可見(jiàn)細(xì)節(jié)題之重要性。以下將對(duì)閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)題做一翻探究。
1.以when,where,what,which,who,how much,how many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題;
2.是非判斷題,題干中常有TRUE,NOT TRUE或EXCEPT等;
3.以According to...開(kāi)頭的提問(wèn)方式;
4.以填空題的形式出現(xiàn)的題干,在2007年高考題中出現(xiàn)的此類(lèi)題目有:
1)Certain animals change their choice of food when_______.
2)Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania_______.
3) The writer thought Amery “a fair game” because the boy_______.
4)Mr.Dunlop established his business_______.
這種類(lèi)型的題目命題者用與原文材料中的同義詞或同義短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行命題。運(yùn)用跳讀查找法時(shí),同學(xué)們要特別注意試題(包括選項(xiàng))與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換??忌灰苷业狡渲械耐x關(guān)系即可。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:
原文見(jiàn)2011山東高考卷閱讀理解C第一段。
70.According to the last paragraph,the government will_______.
A.provide most students will scholarships
B.dismiss some financial aid administrators
C.stop the companies from making student loans
D.go on providing financial support for college students
解題分析:B命題依據(jù) the plan fell apart.fall apart(崩潰,破裂,失敗)的意思。句中的fall apart與試題中的fail大致同義,均表示“失敗”。
細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考察考生對(duì)文章的某些特定細(xì)節(jié)或重要事實(shí)的理解能力。解這類(lèi)題時(shí)常用方法是定位法即根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞從原文找到相關(guān)句子。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:原文見(jiàn)2012江西高考英語(yǔ)試題閱讀理解A
60.What happened to the boys at the end of the theory?
A.They were blown into the air.
B.They were sent to another planet.
C.They were hidden in the strong light.
D.They were carried away to another country.
60題選B。由最后一段“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL.DESTINATION:MARS.RETRIEVE DATE:2005.當(dāng)中的Mars是可以得知他們?nèi)チ嘶鹦?。故選B,被送去了其他的星球。
這種類(lèi)型的題主要采用排除法來(lái)做。請(qǐng)看下列例子:原文見(jiàn)2012江西高考英語(yǔ)試題閱讀理解B
64.Which of the following is true about the novel?
A.The story has a sad ending.
B.The story takes place in the city of London.
C.The characters are vividly described.
D.The turning point comes after the hero meets his birth mother.
64題選C。A:文章第五段說(shuō)提供了一個(gè)開(kāi)心的結(jié)尾b:文章第四段不是去倫敦,James決定去找他的親生母親d:文章中第四段故事中的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)發(fā)生在James的養(yǎng)父母離開(kāi)在倫敦的時(shí)候。
這種試題要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,找出事件發(fā)生的正確順序。做這種題時(shí)可采用“首尾定位法”,即最先找出第一個(gè)動(dòng)作和最后一個(gè)動(dòng)作,迅速縮小選擇范圍,從而快速選出正確答案。請(qǐng)看下面的例子:原文見(jiàn)2011山東高考卷閱讀理解D第四段
73.Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?
A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair.
B.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair.
C.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair.
D.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair
解題分析:C
[1]朱慕菊.走進(jìn)新課程——與課程實(shí)施者對(duì)話(huà)[M].北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版社.
[2]教育部.義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007.