耿銳梅 羅成剛等
摘要:闡述了OphiobolinA對(duì)植物及微生物的表觀生物活性,作為鈣調(diào)蛋白抑制劑的作用機(jī)理及對(duì)葉綠體運(yùn)輸?shù)鞍椎淖饔脵C(jī)理。同時(shí)展望了該毒素作為鈣調(diào)蛋白抑制劑及生物防治劑的應(yīng)用前景。
關(guān)鍵詞:OphiobolinA; 生物活性; 作用機(jī)理
中圖分類號(hào): S432.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI編碼:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2012.06.006
1OphiobolinA對(duì)動(dòng)植物及微生物的表觀生物活性
1.1對(duì)產(chǎn)生該毒素的病原真菌寄主植物及其他種植物的生物活性
從不同的病原真菌中分離得到的OphiobolinA具有不盡相同的生物活性。研究表明,H. oryzae產(chǎn)生的該毒素在很低的濃度下能抑制水稻根及胚芽鞘的生長(zhǎng)、降低光合作用中CO2的固定、改變呼吸作用、抑制蛋白質(zhì)和核苷酸的合成。用ophiobolinA處理水稻葉片時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)誘導(dǎo)病菌致病性的間苯三酚的活性升高[1]。
H.maydis Nisikado和H.Miyake產(chǎn)生的OphiobolinA導(dǎo)致玉米細(xì)胞膜透性改變、引起玉米幼根電解質(zhì)和葡萄糖及K+的滲漏、抑制己糖運(yùn)輸[2-5]。
1.2 對(duì)病原微生物的生物活性
2OphiobolinA的作用機(jī)理
2.1對(duì)鈣調(diào)蛋白(CaM)的抑制作用
2.2 對(duì)葉綠體蛋白運(yùn)輸?shù)囊种谱饔?/p>
葉綠體大約含2 000~2 500 種蛋白,葉綠體基因組編碼的不足100 種,因此,大量的蛋白質(zhì)也是由核基因編碼,在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中合成,然后定向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到葉綠體。蛋白質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)涉及多種蛋白復(fù)合體,即轉(zhuǎn)位因子由兩部分構(gòu)成的:受體和蛋白質(zhì)通過(guò)的孔道。主要包括:(1)TIC復(fù)合體,負(fù)責(zé)通過(guò)外膜,進(jìn)入膜間隙;(2)TIM復(fù)合體,負(fù)責(zé)將蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到基質(zhì),也可將某些蛋白質(zhì)安插在內(nèi)膜。
3OphiobolinA的應(yīng)用前景
OphiobolinA可作為CaM抑制劑應(yīng)用于生化及分子生物學(xué)的研究;可作為生物防治劑應(yīng)用于潛力殺蟲劑、殺菌劑及除草劑的研究開(kāi)發(fā);可作為先導(dǎo)化合物并以此為模板應(yīng)用于化學(xué)合成低毒、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的生物防治劑的研究開(kāi)發(fā)。
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