李良波,溫秀萍,何 翊,張平剛,黃榮韶*,朱華結(jié)
1廣西大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,南寧530004;2中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,昆明650204
相思子化學(xué)成分研究
李良波1,2,溫秀萍1,何 翊1,張平剛1,黃榮韶1*,朱華結(jié)2*
1廣西大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,南寧530004;2中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室,昆明650204
本研究從相思子種子的乙醇提取物中首次分離得到8個化合物,通過理化性質(zhì)及光譜分析鑒定其結(jié)構(gòu)為N-9-甲基-β-咔啉(1)、異喹啉酮(2)、吲哚-3-羧酸(3)、2,3-二甲氧基-5,7-二羥基-二氫黃酮(4)、3-羥甲基呋喃醛(5)、3-羥基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮(6)、豆甾醇-4,22-二烯-3-酮(7)和(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis (octadec-6-enoate)(8)。同時還得到13個其他成分。
相思子;N-9-甲基-β-咔啉;異喹啉酮
相思子(Abrus precatorius L.)屬豆科相思子屬,別名紅豆、相思豆等,我國主要分布于云南、廣東、廣西、臺灣、福建等省區(qū)[1]。相思子為蒙古族、維吾爾族、藏族等少數(shù)民族的常用藥,具有鎮(zhèn)靜安神、補氣生精、殺蟲止庠、清熱解毒.涼血潤腸功效[2]。種子所含蛋白有催產(chǎn)素樣作用[3]。目前國內(nèi)外報道從該屬植物中分離到100多個化合物,主要為生物堿、黃酮、三萜和甾醇及其苷類化合物等[4-6]。我們對該植物的果實進行了化學(xué)成分研究,利用常規(guī)的分離手段從其乙醇提取物中分離鑒定了21個化合物,其中有8個是首次從本植物中分離得到。
相思子果實購于昆明。VGA Autospec-3000型質(zhì)譜儀;Bruker AM-400和DRX-500超導(dǎo)核磁共振儀,TMS(四甲基硅烷)為內(nèi)標(biāo);薄層色譜和正相柱色譜硅膠(青島海洋化工);Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia公司);ODS(YMC和MERK公司);MCI樹脂(三菱公司)。顯色方法為254及365 nm熒光、10%硫酸乙醇溶液和硫酸香草醛處理后加熱顯色、硫酸銅丙酮顯色及碘蒸氣顯色。
相思子果實200 kg,用95%乙醇加熱回流提取濃縮得浸膏9000 g,浸膏用水分散,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,減壓濃縮得到石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物。石油醚、乙酸乙酯部分浸膏共2900 g,經(jīng)硅膠(200~300目)柱色譜粗分,石油醚-丙酮(100∶5~1∶1)梯度洗脫及Sephadex LH-20純化和重結(jié)晶得到化合物1(50 mg)、2(45 mg)、3 (100 mg)、4(20 mg)、5(35 mg)、6(15 mg)、7(70 mg)、8(100 mg)、11(10 g)、12(100 mg)、13(100 mg)和14(200 mg)。正丁醇部分浸膏共3330 g,經(jīng)硅膠(200~300目)柱色譜粗分,氯仿-甲醇(100∶5~1∶1)梯度洗脫得到5個組分,組分1經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,Sephadex LH-20、RP-18反相柱色譜得到化合物15 (20 g)和16(200 mg);組分3用同樣的方法反復(fù)柱層析得到化合物17(40 g)、18(5 g),19(100 g)、20(200 g)和21(500 mg)。水相部分經(jīng)D101大孔樹脂梯度洗脫(洗脫劑為乙醇:水 =0∶100,25∶75,50∶50,75∶75,90∶10,100∶0),分別收集濃縮。從水相部分經(jīng)重結(jié)晶和RP-18反相硅膠柱層析得到化合物9(500 g)和10(1 g)。
化合物1 淡黃色固體,C12H10N2,ESI+-MS m/ z:183[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 Hz,CD3OD)δ:9.00 (1H,s,H-4),8.39(1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-1),8.33 (1H,d,J=6.2 Hz,H-2),8.15(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-10),7.68(1H,m,H-11),7.57(1H,d,J= 8.2 Hz,H-13),7.33(1H,m,H-12),4.44(3H,s,HCH3);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:145.4(C-8),139.3(C-2),137.3(C-5),134.2(C-4),127.4 (C-6),124.4(C-7),121.9(C-11),121.9(C-13),120.1(d,C-12),114.7(d,C-1),110.1(d,C-10),36.3(s,C-CH3)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道N-9-甲基-β-咔啉[7]一致。
化合物2 白色固體,C9H7NO,F(xiàn)AB+-MS m/z: 146[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:8.24 (1H,dd,J=8.7,0.9 Hz,H-8),7.97(1H,d,J= 7.3 Hz,H-3),7.70(1H,m,H-6),7.57(1H,d,J= 8.4 Hz,H-5),7.41(1H,m,H-7),6.34(1H,d,J= 7.3 Hz,H-4)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道異喹啉酮[8]一致。
化合物3 白色固體,C9H7NO2,F(xiàn)AB+-MS m/z: 144[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 11.30(1H,s,N-H),7.07(1H,m,H-6),7.94(1H,s,H-2),8.07(1H,d,H-4),7.47(1H,d,H-7),7.15 (1H,m,H-5);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 169.1(C-COOH),137.8(C-8),123.4(C-9),123.3(C-4),121.8(C-6),113.2(C-2),112.7(d,C-7),119.2(C-5),108.2(C-3)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道吲哚-3-羧酸[9]一致。
化合物4 淡黃色固體,C16H14O5,F(xiàn)AB+-MS m/z:287[M+1]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CD3OD)δ: 7.35~7.54(5H,m,H-2',3',4',5',6'),7.31(1H,s,H-6),6.46(1H,s,H-8),5.08(1H,d,J=12 Hz,H-2),5.05(1H,d,J=12 Hz,H-3),3.90(3H,s,H-OCH3),3.29(1H,s),13C NMR(125 MHz, CD3OD)δ:194.3(C-4),159.7(C-7),156.9(C-5),145.6(C-9),138.9(C-1'),129.8(C-4'),129.4(C-3',5'),128.9(C-2',6'),112.2(C-10),108.2(C-6),100.6(C-10),85.9(C-2),74.7(C-3),56.7(C-OCH3)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道2,3-二甲氧基-5,7-二羥基-二氫黃酮[10]一致。
化合物5 白色固體,C6H6O3,1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.60(1H,s,H-2),6.81(2H,d,J =1.6 Hz,H-4,5),4.74(2H,d,J=1.0 Hz,CH2),5.31(1H,s,H-OH);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:177.6(C-CHO),160.4(C-5),152.4(C-2),122.6(C-3),109.2(C-4),57.7(C-CH2)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道3-羥甲基呋喃醛[11]一致。
化合物6 白色固體,C6H6O3,F(xiàn)AB+-MS m/z: 127[M+1]+;1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3Cl3)δ:7.71 (1H,d,J=5.5 Hz,H-6),7.22(1H,br,H-OH),6.43(1H,d,J=5.5,H-5),2.37(3H,s,H-CH3)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道3-羥基-2-甲基-4-吡喃酮[12]一致。
化合物7 無色針晶,C29H46O,F(xiàn)AB+-MS m/z: 411[M+1]+;1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.73 (1H,s,H-4),5.14(1H,dd,J=8,16 Hz,H-22),5.02(1H,dd,J=8,16 Hz,H-23),2.03(2H,t,H-2),0.84(6H,d,J=9.4 Hz,H-21,29);13C NMR (125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:199.6(C-3),171.6(C-5),138.1(C-4),129.5(C-22),123.8(C-3),55.9(C-17),55.8(C-14),53.8(C-24),51.2(C-9),42.3 (C-6),40.4(C-13),39.5(C-20),35.7(C-12),34.0(C-1),31.8(C-10),31.9(C-2,8,25),31.7 (C-7),28.9(C-16),25.4(C-28),24.4(C-15),21.2(C-21),21.1(C-11,27),19.4(C-19),19.0 (C-26),12.2(C-29),12.0(C-18)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道豆甾醇-4,22-二烯-3-酮[13]一致。
化合物8 淡黃色油狀液體,C39H72O5,EI-MS m/z:620[M]+,603,577,339,264;1H NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.36(2H,m),4.28(1H,dd,J= 4.3,11.9 Hz),2.30(2H,m),2.00(3H,m),1.59 (2H,d),1.35(23H,m),0.87(4H,t,J= 6.7Hz);13C NMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:173.3(s),172.9(s),130.0(s),129.7(d),68.8(d),62.1 (t),34.2(t),34.0(t),31.9(t),29.7(t),29.5 (t),29.3(t),29.2(t),29.1(t),27.2(t),25.6 (t),24.8(t),22.7(t),14.1(q)。其波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻報道(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis (octadec-6-enoate)[14]一致。
化合物9~21通過文獻對照分別鑒定為:相思子堿(abrine,9)[15],海帕刺酮堿(hypaphorine,10)[15],β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,11)[16],豆甾醇(stigmasterol,12)[17],菜油甾醇(campesterol,13)[18],環(huán)木菠蘿烯醇(cycloartenol,14)[19],沒食子酸(gallic acid,15)[20],沒食子酸乙酯(ethyl gallate,16)[20],abrusin(17)[21-23]abrusin-2''-O-apioside(18)[21-23],6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone(19)[21-23],6-C-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)β-D-glucopyranosyl]-4',5-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (20)[21-23]和6-C-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-2)β-D-glucopyran osyl]-4', 5- dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (21)[21-23]。
致謝:該項目得到國家自然科學(xué)基金資助(81060330);中國科學(xué)院昆明植物研究所植物化學(xué)與西部植物資源持續(xù)利用國家重點實驗室分析中心測試所有圖譜。
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Chemical Constituents of Abrus precatorius L.
LI Liang-bo1,2,WEN Xiu-ping1,HE Yi1,ZHANG Ping-gang1,HUANG Rong-shao1*,ZHU Hua-jie2*1Agricultural College of Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;2State key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Rescources of West of China,Kunming Institute of Botany,Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204,China
Eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the seeds of Abrus precatorius L.for the first time.Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods as N-9-methy-β-carboline(1),isoquinolin-1(2H)-one(2),3-indolecarboxylic acid(3),5,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-flavonone(4),3-formylindole(5),3-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyran-4-one(6),stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-one(7)and(6E,6'E)-2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diylbis(octadec-6-enoate)(8).At the same time thirteen other compounds were isolated from the plants.
Abrus precatorius L.;N-9-methy-β-carboline;isoquinolin-1(2H)-one
1001-6880(2012)10-1371-03
2011-11-14 接受日期:2012-03-12
國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(81060330)
*通訊作者 Tel:86-771-3235612;E-mail:15607719052@163.com
R284.2
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