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高考英語as考點(diǎn)探究

2011-12-29 00:00:00王美
考試周刊 2011年70期


  摘要: 本文結(jié)合歷年高考試題對(duì)as的重要用法,包括as作介詞、as作副詞、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句、as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句、as的固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的剖析和總結(jié),幫助學(xué)生更好地理解和掌握該詞的用法。
  關(guān)鍵詞: 高考英語 as 用法
  
  as詞性復(fù)雜,用法靈活,是英語中較難掌握的一個(gè)詞匯,同時(shí)也是歷年高考的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。我結(jié)合近幾年的高考英語試題,詳細(xì)分析as的各種含義和用法,總結(jié)as在語義和用法上的一些特點(diǎn),以幫助學(xué)生熟練掌握該詞的用法。
  一、as用作介詞
  as用作介詞時(shí),意為“當(dāng)作;作為;擔(dān)任;充當(dāng)”。
  I feel that one of my main dutiesa teacher is to help the students to become better learners.(2004廣東卷)
  A.forB.byC.as D.with
  答案:C。
  Let’s learn to use the problem we are facinga stepping-stone to future success.(2008全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
  A.toB.for C.asD.by
  答案:C。
  二、as用作副詞
  as作副詞時(shí),意為“和……一樣地”。 常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)(not)as ... as,其中第一個(gè) as是副詞,后面常接形容詞。
  A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and windsstrong as 113 meters per hour.(2006上海卷)
  A.too B.very C.so D.as
  答案:D。
  三、as用作代詞
  1.as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。
  as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,其先行詞常用such,the same修飾,或用于as/so ... as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。
  These houses are sold at such a low pricepeople expected.(2000上海春)
  A.like B.that C.as D.which
  答案:C。
  He is such a lazy mannobody wants to work with.(2006年成都卷)
  A.as;himB.that;/ C.as;/ D.whom;him
  答案:C。
  His plan was such a good onewe all agreed to accept it.(2006陜西卷)
  A.asB.thatC.so D.and
  答案:B。
  此時(shí)需注意such ... that ... 與such ... as ...的區(qū)別。such ... that ...意為“如此……以至于”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,that在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分;而so ... as ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中,as用來引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。
  2.as作關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
  as 作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,代表主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容或部分內(nèi)容。此時(shí)需注意as與which的區(qū)別。
 ?。?)從位置上來說,which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后,而as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句既可在主句之前,又可在主句之后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中。
 ?。?)從詞匯意義上講,which意為“這一點(diǎn)”,而as則表示“正如……那樣”。
  The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.(2006天津卷)
  A.what B.that C.howD.as
  答案:D。
   is reported in the newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress (2004北京卷)
  A.It B.As C.That D.What
  答案:B。
  After graduating from college,I took some time off to go traveling, turned out to be a wise decision.(2010四川卷)
  A.that B.which C.whenD.where
  答案:B。
  四、as用作連詞
  1.as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
  as在時(shí)間狀語從句中,引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,多用于主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。常表示“一邊……一邊……”(強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生),“隨著……”(主句的情景隨著as從句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間變化而變化)。
   the day went on,the weather got worse.(1990全國(guó)卷)
  A.WithB.Since C.While D.As
  答案:D。
  Mother was worried because little Alice was ill,especiallyFather was away in France.(1994全國(guó)卷)
  A.asB.that C.during D.if
  答案:A。
  2.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
  as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,常意為“由于”。可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,表示雙方都知道的原因。語氣較弱,不能回答why的提問,也不能用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中作為被強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容。
  Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasure.(2006廣東卷)
  A.as B.ifC.whenD.where
  答案:A。
  3.as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。
  as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,常意為“依照,像……一樣, 如……”。
  —Who should be responsible for the accident?
  —The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order.(2008福建卷)
  A.as toldB.as are toldC.as telling D.as they told
  答案:A。
  4.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
  as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,意為“ 雖然,盡管” 等意思,此時(shí),從句須用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。具體表現(xiàn)形式為:
  Tryshe might,Sue couldn’t get the door open.(2011全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
  A.if B.whenC.sineD.as
  答案:D。
  
  ,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.(2007重慶卷)
  A.Strange as might it soundB.As it might sound strange
  C.As strange it might soundD.Strange as it might sound
  答案:D。
  5.as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。
 ?。?)as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)表計(jì)量,含“多達(dá)……”之意,數(shù)次詞組放在as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)之后表程度。
  John is the tallest boy in the class, according to himself.(2005 安徽卷)
  A.five foot eight as tall as B.as tall as five foot eight
  C.as five foot eight tall as D.as tall five foot eight as
  答案:B。
 ?。?)as ... as 結(jié)構(gòu)表倍數(shù),表示“……是……的多少倍”,表倍數(shù)概念的分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、基數(shù)詞必須放在as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)的前面。
  The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be the present one.(2011陜西卷)
  A.as three times big as B.three times as big as
  C.as big as three times D.as big three times as
  答案:B。
 ?。?)as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)表比較,含“和……一樣多”之意。
  The more I think about him,the more reasons I find for loving himI did.(2005湖南卷)
  A.as much as B.as long as C.as soon as D.as far as
  答案:A。
  五、as與其他詞搭配構(gòu)成的重點(diǎn)從屬連詞
  1.as long as“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
  —Our holiday cost a lot of money.
  —Did it?Well,that doesn’t matteryou enjoyed yourselves.(2010江西卷)
  A as long as B unlessC as soon asD though
  答案:A。
  2.as soon as“一……就……”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。
  Just use this room for the time being,and we’ll offer you a larger one it becomes available (2010安徽卷)
  A.as soon as B.unlessC.as far asD.until
  答案:A。
  3.as if / though“似乎,好像”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句或表語從句。此時(shí)需注意虛擬語氣的使用。
  Jack wasn’t saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.(2011湖南卷)
  A.as ifB.in caseC.while D.though
  答案:A
  He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.
  Eliza remembers everything exactly as if ityesterday.(2006全國(guó)卷I)
  A.was happeningB.happens
  C.has happenedD.happened
  答案:D。
  When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it .(1995全國(guó)卷)
  A.breaks B.was broken
  C.were brokenD.had been broken
  答案:C。
  4.as far as ...“據(jù)……”。
  I can see,there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.(2004北京春)
  A.As long asB.As far as C.Just asD.Even if
  答案:B。
  5.such as to“達(dá)到……程度以至……”。
  My English teacher’s humor wasmake every student burst into laughter.(2008江西卷)
  A.so as to B.such as to C.such thatD.so that
  答案:B。
  6.so as to“以便,目的是”。
  All these gifts must be mailed immediatelyin time for Christmas.(2005遼寧卷)
  A.in order to have received B.in order to receive
  C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving
  答案:C。
  六、固定短語和習(xí)慣用法
  as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上,其實(shí)
  as a result 結(jié)果,終于,因此
  as a result of ... 作為……的結(jié)果,由于……的結(jié)果
  as a rule 作為一個(gè)常規(guī),通常,習(xí)以為常
  as a whole 作為一個(gè)整體(來看)
  as ... as possible 盡可能……地
  as before 依舊
  as usual 照例,照常
  as well 又,也,同樣
  as well as 和……一樣,不但……而且……
  so as to 為的是,以便……
  John plays football ,if not better than,David.(1994全國(guó)卷)
  A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well as
  答案:B。
  My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ,he could neither eat nor sleep.(2005江西卷)
  A.as a result B.after all C.any way D.otherwise
  答案:A。
  通過以上的分析,我們可以看出as及與其相關(guān)的固定短語和習(xí)慣用法在歷年高考試題中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率極高,而且對(duì)它的考查趨向于更深層次,有的利用語境巧妙設(shè)計(jì),有的利用句型結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置障礙,有的則涉及它的某些習(xí)慣用法。因此,在日常學(xué)習(xí)過程中,務(wù)必要結(jié)合具體的語言環(huán)境、語法規(guī)則和語義結(jié)構(gòu)來分析和理解as的語法功能和具體含義,這樣才能真正學(xué)會(huì)并掌握as的用法。
  
  參考文獻(xiàn):
 ?。?]Alexander,L.G.Longman English Grammar[M].Beijing:foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.1991.
 ?。?]章振邦.新編英語語法教程(第四版)[M].上海:上海外語教育出版社,2003.
 ?。?]曲一線.五年高考三年模擬[M].首都師范大學(xué)出版社,2008.

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