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東濮凹陷三疊系裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征

2011-04-26 09:04國(guó)殿斌
斷塊油氣田 2011年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:薄片微觀滲透率

國(guó)殿斌

(中原油田分公司勘探開(kāi)發(fā)科學(xué)研究院,河南 濮陽(yáng) 457001)

東濮凹陷三疊系裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征

國(guó)殿斌

(中原油田分公司勘探開(kāi)發(fā)科學(xué)研究院,河南 濮陽(yáng) 457001)

通過(guò)掃描電鏡、巖石薄片、鑄體薄片、熒光薄片、常規(guī)壓汞等技術(shù)方法,對(duì)東濮凹陷北部三疊系裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層的微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征進(jìn)行研究。結(jié)果表明,東濮凹陷三疊系砂巖儲(chǔ)層裂縫、微裂縫發(fā)育,裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層孔隙由巖石基質(zhì)孔隙與縫洞孔隙兩部分組成,縫洞孔隙是油氣儲(chǔ)集的有效孔隙,孔隙類(lèi)型主要為原生粒間孔隙、粒內(nèi)孔隙,碎屑顆粒之間以點(diǎn)-線(xiàn)式接觸為主。砂巖基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)致密,孔隙性差。儲(chǔ)層基質(zhì)喉道以微喉為主,壓汞實(shí)驗(yàn)的排驅(qū)壓力較高,儲(chǔ)層基質(zhì)滲透率較低,儲(chǔ)層基質(zhì)的儲(chǔ)、滲性能差。

三疊系;裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層;微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征;熒光薄片;微裂縫;東濮凹陷

2007年?yáng)|濮凹陷北部文明寨、衛(wèi)城等地區(qū)的三疊系發(fā)現(xiàn)了裂縫性砂巖油氣藏,油氣主要富集在砂巖裂縫中,基質(zhì)不含油,裂縫既是儲(chǔ)集空間又是滲流通道。砂巖裂縫型儲(chǔ)集空間與灰?guī)r相似,但溶洞發(fā)育程度較灰?guī)r弱,此類(lèi)油氣藏在國(guó)內(nèi)尚屬首次發(fā)現(xiàn)。探討該類(lèi)油氣藏儲(chǔ)層微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征對(duì)于深入認(rèn)識(shí)此類(lèi)油氣藏,深化我國(guó)陸相儲(chǔ)層孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)理論具有重要意義,同時(shí)也豐富了儲(chǔ)層微觀物理研究的內(nèi)容[1-7]。

1 儲(chǔ)層概況

東濮凹陷位于渤海灣盆地西南部的豫東北—魯西南地區(qū),夾持在內(nèi)黃隆起與魯西隆起之間、北窄南寬,呈琵琶狀北東向展布。東濮凹陷中生界不太發(fā)育,缺乏上三疊統(tǒng)—白堊系地層。鉆井資料顯示,三疊系地層為內(nèi)陸河湖相紅色砂泥巖互層,巖性致密,視電阻率高,俗稱(chēng)“高阻紅”。巖心物性資料分析顯示,三疊系砂巖基質(zhì)孔隙度一般為1.00%~6.00%,基質(zhì)基本不具備儲(chǔ)集能力。砂巖裂縫發(fā)育,局部沿裂縫發(fā)育溶蝕孔洞,油氣主要富集在裂縫中。依據(jù)儲(chǔ)集空間類(lèi)型,研究區(qū)三疊系油氣藏為裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層油氣藏。

巖心薄片資料顯示,儲(chǔ)層砂巖碎屑顆粒粒度為60~500 μm,巖性為含灰質(zhì)細(xì)粒、中粒巖屑粗粉砂巖。石英體積分?jǐn)?shù)為58%~66%,長(zhǎng)石9%~13%,火成巖、變質(zhì)巖等巖屑占15%~22%,磨圓度為次棱—次圓狀,分選性中—好,膠結(jié)物以灰質(zhì)為主(體積分?jǐn)?shù)20%~25%),其次為泥質(zhì)(體積分?jǐn)?shù)6%~10%)。

2 儲(chǔ)層微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)

根據(jù)對(duì)掃描電鏡、巖石薄片、鑄體薄片、熒光薄片、常規(guī)壓汞等資料的分析研究[8-15],東濮凹陷三疊系砂巖儲(chǔ)層巖石微觀結(jié)構(gòu)特征如下:

2.1 儲(chǔ)層物性

儲(chǔ)層孔隙由基質(zhì)孔隙與縫洞孔隙兩部分組成,對(duì)油氣儲(chǔ)集有效的孔隙為縫洞孔隙。通過(guò)全直徑物性分析可得到巖石的總孔隙度,巖石的縫洞孔隙度為巖石總孔隙度減去巖石基質(zhì)孔隙度。由W77-4井13塊樣品全直徑物性分析,巖石總孔隙度為1.50%~11.04%,平均值為4.70%,滲透率為(0.464~9.24)×10-3μm2,平均值為1.695×10-3μm2;基質(zhì)孔隙度為0.40%~7.20%,平均值為2.50%,滲透率為(0.194~0.375)×10-3μm2,平均值為0.184×10-3μm2,由此計(jì)算巖石裂縫的孔隙度= 4.70%-2.50%=2.20%(見(jiàn)表1)。表明砂巖基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)致密,孔隙性很差。

巖石不同方向的滲透率差異大,垂直方向滲透率為(0.005~55.0)×10-3μm2,平均值為6.56×10-3μm2;水平方向最大滲透率為(0.653~408)×10-3μm2,平均值為44.21×10-3μm2。與水平最大滲透率方向垂直的另一個(gè)水平方向滲透率為(0.544~1 651)×10-3μm2,平均值為231.92×10-3μm2(見(jiàn)表2),8口井9個(gè)層的測(cè)試結(jié)果顯示,地層的有效滲透率為(0.08~29.2)×10-3μm2。

表1 W77-4井巖心物性分析數(shù)據(jù)

表2 W77-4井全直徑巖心孔、滲分析數(shù)據(jù)

沉積巖巖屑主要為碳酸鹽巖,變質(zhì)巖巖屑主要為變質(zhì)石英巖。巖石結(jié)構(gòu)致密,為原生粒間孔隙、粒內(nèi)孔隙,碎屑顆粒間以點(diǎn)-線(xiàn)式接觸為主(見(jiàn)圖1a)。W77-3井二馬營(yíng)組Ⅲ砂組2 735.83 m薄片觀察巖石結(jié)構(gòu)致密,方解石膠結(jié)。W77-4井二馬營(yíng)組Ⅰ砂組2 871.55 m薄片發(fā)育極細(xì)粒砂巖,方解石膠結(jié)強(qiáng)烈并且交代碎屑,見(jiàn)部分盆屑(見(jiàn)圖1b)。鑄體薄片資料表明,基質(zhì)發(fā)育小孔和微孔,方解石為細(xì)晶結(jié)構(gòu)的致密膠結(jié)顆粒,連通性差,說(shuō)明三疊系砂巖基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)致密,孔隙性很差。

圖1 巖石鏡下特征

2.2 喉道特征

W77-3井壓汞資料分析表明(見(jiàn)圖2),喉道半徑中值0.08~0.25 μm,平均0.18 μm,按照喉道分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(粗喉:R>10 μm;中喉:4 μm<R<10 μm;細(xì)喉:1 μm<R<4 μm;微喉:R<1 μm),三疊系儲(chǔ)層基質(zhì)孔隙以微喉為主。樣品的排驅(qū)壓力Pd較高(2.5~10 MPa),巖石滲透率較低;喉道分選系數(shù)0.94~2.66,屬中等—較差級(jí)別,樣品的孔喉半徑較小,主體以細(xì)小孔喉為主。W77-4井15塊樣品基質(zhì)孔隙度為1.00%~4.10%,平均值為2.49%,滲透率為(0.296~0.459)×10-3μm2,平均值為0.38×10-3μm2,表明巖石基質(zhì)儲(chǔ)、滲性能整體較差。

2.3 微裂縫發(fā)育

少部分泥質(zhì)條帶中見(jiàn)有機(jī)質(zhì)。W77-3、W77-4井電鏡、巖石薄片和鑄體薄片中見(jiàn)垂直層理的微裂縫(見(jiàn)圖3a),裂縫寬度20~120 μm,部分充填自生礦物及有機(jī)質(zhì)等。W77-3井2 777.50 m薄片見(jiàn)微裂縫,裂縫被方解石和黃鐵礦充填(見(jiàn)圖3b)。

圖2 W77-3井2 849.41 m樣品壓汞曲線(xiàn)

圖3 微裂縫鏡下特征

3 結(jié)論

1)儲(chǔ)層巖石結(jié)構(gòu)致密,孔隙性差,主要為原生粒間孔隙、粒內(nèi)孔隙,碎屑顆粒間以點(diǎn)-線(xiàn)式接觸為主。

2)儲(chǔ)層基質(zhì)孔隙以微喉為主,排驅(qū)壓力高,基質(zhì)滲透率較低,喉道分選屬中—較差級(jí)別,喉道半徑較小,主體以細(xì)小孔喉為主。

3)儲(chǔ)層裂縫、微裂縫發(fā)育,裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層孔隙由巖石基質(zhì)孔隙與裂縫兩部分組成,裂縫是有效儲(chǔ)集空間和滲流通道。

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Characteristics of micropore structure of Triassic sandstone reservoir in Dongpu Depression

Guo Dianbin
(Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Zhongyuan Oilfield Company,SINOPEC,Puyang 457001,China)

By the methods of scanning electron microscopy,rock thin section,cast thin section,microscopic fluorescence and conventional murcury injection and so on,the characteristics of microscopic pore structure of Triassic sandstone reservoir in Dongpu Depression were studied.The research shows that the fracture and microfracture were developed well in Triassic sandstone reservoir of Dongpu Depression,the pore system is composed of the rock matrix pores and the fracture-cave pores,which are the effective pore of hydrocarbon storage.The pore type is mainly the primary intergranular pores and intragranular dissolution pores.The contacted relation is mainly the dop-line type among clastic particles,and the porosity is low.The matrix pore of reservoir is mainly the microthoat.The discharge pressure is high in mercury injection experiment.The permeability of matrix rock is low,with the storage and permeability being poor in matrix rock.

Triassic;fractured sandstone reservoir;characteristics of micropore structure;microscopic fluorescence;microfracture; Dongpu Depression

TE122.2+3

:A

1005-8907(2011)02-191-04

2010-11-09;改回日期:2011-01-17。

國(guó)殿斌,男,1975年生,高級(jí)工程師,從事油藏地質(zhì)及油氣田開(kāi)發(fā)方面的研究工作。

(編輯王淑玉)

國(guó)殿斌.東濮凹陷三疊系裂縫性砂巖儲(chǔ)層微觀孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)特征[J].斷塊油氣田,2011,18(2):191-194. Guo Dianbin.Characteristics of micropore structure of Triassic sandstone reservoir in Dongpu Depression[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(2):191-194.

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