鄧冰 劉金標 潘顯明 張波 馬澤輝
骨錨修復治療RockwoodⅢ型急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位
鄧冰 劉金標 潘顯明 張波 馬澤輝
目的評價應(yīng)用骨錨重建喙鎖韌帶治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的手術(shù)療效。方法應(yīng)用TWINFIX骨錨治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者12例。男10例,女2例;年齡22~55,平均33歲。摔傷8例,車禍4例。左側(cè)9例,右側(cè)3例。受傷至手術(shù)時間為4~12 d,平均7.4 d。術(shù)后懸吊患肢,14 d后開始功能鍛煉。結(jié)果術(shù)后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,術(shù)后X線片示肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)均完全復位。12例患者均隨訪6~12個月,無骨錨松動,無喙突或鎖骨骨折,無復發(fā)脫位。術(shù)后3個月依照Karlsson分級,本組中優(yōu)11例,良1例。結(jié)論骨錨修復喙鎖韌帶治療肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位,具有創(chuàng)傷小、操作簡單、對肩關(guān)節(jié)生理影響小、無需二次手術(shù)等優(yōu)點。
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位骨錨修復重建
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位是臨床上一種常見的肩部運動損傷,約占肩部損傷脫位的12%[1],肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的鎖骨鉤鋼板固定曾是手術(shù)治療的首選方法,但可能產(chǎn)生肩痛、肩峰撞擊、再脫位等并發(fā)癥。目前,對于該類疾病的手術(shù)治療方式日趨增多。我院應(yīng)用骨錨結(jié)合PDS可吸收縫線治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位12例,臨床效果良好,無固定物松動、再脫位等發(fā)生發(fā)生,12例肩關(guān)節(jié)脫位患者術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)活動基本正常。
1.1 一般資料
我院2007年1月至2009年1月,應(yīng)用TWINFIX骨錨結(jié)合PDS可吸收縫線,治療RockwoodⅢ型肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位12例。男10例,女2例;年齡22~55歲,平均33歲。摔傷8例,車禍傷4例。手術(shù)距受傷時間4~12 d。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
患者采用頸叢麻醉或全麻,取仰臥位,患側(cè)肩部墊高30°,頭轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)?cè),肩部沿鎖骨走行設(shè)計弧形切口,顯露肩峰、鎖骨外側(cè)及喙突。將關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)破裂或撕脫的軟骨盤完整清除。TWINFIX骨錨擰入喙突,鎖骨用1.6 mm克氏針在錐狀韌帶及斜方韌帶止點處分別鉆孔,分別導入TWINFIX骨錨的兩組固定縫線。再在肩峰及鎖骨肩峰端鉆孔,導入PDS可吸收縫線。向下壓低復位鎖骨遠端,骨錨縫線打結(jié),修復喙鎖韌帶。然后將PDS可吸收縫線“8”字捆綁肩鎖關(guān)節(jié),并修復肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)囊,重疊縫合三角肌及斜方肌覆蓋鎖骨。
1.3 術(shù)后處理
術(shù)后應(yīng)用抗生素3~5 d,頸腕吊帶保護患肢6周,術(shù)后2周肩關(guān)節(jié)無痛狀態(tài)下進行功能鍛煉,術(shù)后6~8周開始力量鍛煉。
本組患者術(shù)后均隨訪6~12個月,術(shù)后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位糾正,X線片顯示術(shù)后無錨釘松動及脫出,無脫位復發(fā),無神經(jīng)、血管損傷等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。依照Karlsson分級[2],本組優(yōu)11例,良1例,臨床療效滿意(圖1,2)。
圖1 術(shù)前Fig.1Before operation
圖2 術(shù)后Fig.2After operation
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位多采用Rockwood分型,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ型,經(jīng)保守治療絕大多數(shù)患者能達到滿意療效。Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型因損傷較大,為手術(shù)治療的適應(yīng)證。Ⅲ型在所有分型中所占比例最大,而臨床的治療方式仍有爭議,保守治療和手術(shù)治療均有報道,保守治療失敗的主要原因是關(guān)節(jié)軟骨盤、破損的關(guān)節(jié)囊韌帶以及關(guān)節(jié)軟骨碎片嵌入到喙突和鎖骨之間造成的。早期手術(shù)干預可使損傷的肩鎖、喙鎖韌帶得到較好的修復重建。手術(shù)中對肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)進行清創(chuàng),減少后期并發(fā)癥的出現(xiàn)。
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位的手術(shù)方法很多,如肩鎖克氏針固定,主要通過穩(wěn)定肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)獲得穩(wěn)定,效果較為直接。但克氏針固定不僅會破壞關(guān)節(jié)面、纖維軟骨盤,造成創(chuàng)傷性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)炎,影響肩關(guān)節(jié)的功能,同時還可能發(fā)生克氏針松脫、斷裂、滑出等并發(fā)癥,甚至發(fā)生刺入胸腔臟器等嚴重并發(fā)癥。目前,國內(nèi)主要采用肩鎖鉤鋼板固定,但該方法晚期存在肩峰下骨質(zhì)溶解、應(yīng)力骨折、脫鉤、肩關(guān)節(jié)活動范圍受限或肩峰下撞擊綜合征等并發(fā)癥可能。肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)作為微動關(guān)節(jié),在給予穩(wěn)定的同時還應(yīng)注意其功能,而上述堅強內(nèi)固定方法都是非解剖的固定方法。治療肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位應(yīng)進行喙鎖韌帶重建修復,并進行韌帶加強。
肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定存在于前-后、上-下及沿鎖骨軸向3個方向上,每一根韌帶在維持肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)的穩(wěn)定中都起著不同的作用[3-4]。近期,有學者從生物力學的觀點出發(fā),采取分別處理錐狀韌帶和斜方韌帶的手術(shù)方式來治療急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位[5-7]。本組病例中所采用的TWINFIX骨錨具有兩根獨立的不可吸收肌腱縫線,通過鎖骨上錐狀韌帶和斜方韌帶止點處分別固定,符合喙鎖韌帶的生物力學特點。此外,骨錨具有以下特點:①獨立縫線,提供解剖固定;②操作簡便,效果可靠,安全,對韌帶修復與重建提供了極大的方便;③不需要二次手術(shù)取出。但由于受縫線強度限制,該術(shù)式用于RockwoodⅢ型急性肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)脫位,應(yīng)認真清理、修復肩鎖關(guān)節(jié)囊及周圍韌帶,術(shù)后懸吊患肢6周。
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Treatment of Rockwood TypeⅢAcute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation Using Anchor Screw
DENG Bing,LIU Jinbiao,PAN Xianming,ZHANG Bo,MA Zehui.Department of Orthopedics,The General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region,Chengdu 610083,China.Corresponding author:LIU Jinbiao(E-mail:liujinbiao@medmail.com.cn).
ObjectiveTo explore the outcomes of acromioclavicular joint dislocation by using Anchor Screw.MethodsTwelve cases of acromioclavicular joint dislocation were repaired with Anchor Screw.According to acromioclavicular dislocation classification set by Rockwood,all of the cases were graded as typeⅢ.There were 10 males and 2 females aged 22-55 years old(average 33 years old).The disease causes were falling injury in 8 cases,traffic accident in 2 cases.9 cases were injured on the left,3 cases on the right.The time from injury to operation was 4-12 days(average 7.4 days).The injured arm was hung after operation,and the function training was started 14 days after operation.ResultsAll wounds healed by first intention,and the X-ray films showed complete reposition of acromioclavicular joints in all cases after operation.Over the follow-up period of 6-12 months,no screw loosening,no coracoid process and clavicle fracture occurred. No redislocation was observed in all cases.The function of shoulder joint was assessed by Karlsson evaluation standard 3 months after operation,11 cases were graded as excellent and 1 case was good.ConclusionFor the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation by using Anchor Screw has the advantages of minimally-invasive simple and little influence on the function of shoulder joints,and repeated operations are not necessary.
Acromioclavicular joint;Dislocation;Anchor Screw;Repair;Reconstruction
R684.7
A
1673-0364(2011)02-0109-02
2010年1月15日;
2011年2月1日)
10.3969/j.issn.1673-0364.2011.02.013
610083四川省成都市成都軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院骨科。
劉金標(E-mail:liujinbiao@medmail.com.cn)。