夏德新,邱翔,陳祖興,楊桂春
(湖北大學(xué) 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院,湖北 武漢 430062)
手性噁唑烷酮是一類應(yīng)用廣泛的手性助劑,在多種不對(duì)稱反應(yīng)中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用[1-2],但存在著手性助劑難分離、不能重復(fù)利用等缺點(diǎn).為解決這一問題,將噁唑烷酮支載在不溶性聚合物上進(jìn)行固相不對(duì)稱誘導(dǎo)反應(yīng),取得了較好的不對(duì)稱誘導(dǎo)效果[3-5].但不溶性聚合物作為載體,進(jìn)行固相反應(yīng),存在非均相反應(yīng)、反應(yīng)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、難以用常規(guī)分析方法檢測(cè)反應(yīng)進(jìn)程等問題.近來可溶性聚合物作為載體支載進(jìn)行液相有機(jī)反應(yīng),得到廣泛應(yīng)用,它們不僅保留了不溶聚合物作為載體具有易于分離純化等優(yōu)點(diǎn),而且具有在溶液中進(jìn)行均相反應(yīng),反應(yīng)時(shí)間短,反應(yīng)效率高,同時(shí)可用常規(guī)分析手段進(jìn)行在線檢測(cè)等優(yōu)點(diǎn).
鑒于可溶性聚合物支載手性助劑的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),結(jié)合本小組的前期工作[6-8],我們將新的手性助劑——(4S)-[4″-(4′-(4-乙烯基芐氧基)芐氧基)芐基]-1,3-噁唑烷酮支載在線性聚苯乙烯上,制備出具有Wang樹脂結(jié)構(gòu)、結(jié)構(gòu)新穎的、可溶的線性聚苯乙烯(NCPS)支載的(4S)-4″-(4′-(4-乙烯基芐氧基)芐氧基)芐基]-1,3-噁唑烷酮(Scheme 1),以期獲得更好的不對(duì)稱誘導(dǎo)性.
1.1.1 儀器 溫度計(jì)未校正,熔點(diǎn)用WRS-IA數(shù)字熔點(diǎn)儀(上海精密科學(xué)儀器有限公司)測(cè)定;紅外用PE-Spectrum One 型紅外光譜儀測(cè)定,NaCl單晶片涂片;1H NMR用INOVA(600 MHz)和13C NMR(150 MHz)測(cè)定,以指定的氘代試劑為溶劑,TMS(四甲基硅)為內(nèi)標(biāo).
1.1.2 試劑處理L-酪氨酸:天津市化學(xué)試劑公司,真空干燥;無水甲醇:AR,鎂屑干燥;四氫呋喃:AR,依次用無水CaCl2干燥,再用鈉絲回流;N,N′-二甲基甲酰胺:氫化鈣干燥;18-冠-6:Aldrich公司;二氯甲烷、乙腈:五氧化二磷回流處理;對(duì)氯甲基化苯乙烯(CMS,Aldrich公司)和苯乙烯(St),10%的氫氧化鈉水溶液洗滌,二氯甲烷萃取,再用水洗至中性,無水硫酸鎂干燥后蒸餾去二氯甲烷.
Scheme 1 目標(biāo)化合物的合成路線
1.2.3 (2S)-2-氨基-N-乙氧羰基-3-(4′-羥基苯基)-丙酸甲酯3的合成 化合物2(23.7 g,0.10 mol)溶于水(50 mL)中,分批加入K2CO3(13.8 g,0.10 mol).將CH2Cl2(100 mL)加入已得的懸浮液中,劇烈攪拌下逐滴加入(10.0 mL,0.105 mol)氯甲酸乙酯.10 min后,加入NaHCO3飽和溶液(50 mL),攪拌2 h.加CH2Cl2(150 mL)進(jìn)行萃取分離,飽和食鹽水洗滌,有機(jī)相用無水MgSO4干燥,減壓濃縮得產(chǎn)物2(22 g,產(chǎn)率86.5%).IR(NaCl):υ=3 348,1 696 cm-1.1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=6.96(d,2H,J=7.5 Hz,Ar),δ=6.72(d,2H,J=7.5 Hz,Ar),5.72(s,1H),5.05(d,1H,J=8.0 Hz,NH),4.54(m,1H,CH—CO),4.10(q,2H,J=6.5 Hz,OCO—CH2),3.19(s,3H,COO—CH3),3.02(m,2H,CH2—Ar),1.32(t,3H,J=6.5 Hz,CH3).13C NMR(CDCl3):172.97,156.78,155.88,130.67(2C),127.37,115.99(2C),61.91,55.36,52.80,37.80,14.82.
1.2.4 (2S)-2-氨基-N-乙氧羰基-3-(4′-羥基苯基)-丙醇4的合成 化合物2(13.4 g,0.05 mol)溶解在THF(150 mL)中,LiAlH4(3.8 g,0.1 mol)溶于THF(30 mL)中,冰浴攪拌下滴加到化合物3中,室溫?cái)嚢柽^夜.冰浴下慢慢加入10% H2SO4(25 mL),產(chǎn)生氣泡,出現(xiàn)灰色沉淀,至無氣泡放出,過濾,用丙酮洗滌,濾液減壓濃縮,用乙酸乙酯(100 mL×3)萃取,飽和食鹽水洗滌,合并有機(jī)層,MgSO4干燥,濃縮去溶劑得化合物3(11.15 g,產(chǎn)率92.9%).IR(NaCl):υ=3 327,1 687 cm-1.1H NMR(CDCl3):δ=8.15(s,1H,OH), 7.06(d,2H,J=7.5 Hz,Ar),6.74(d,2H,J=7.5 Hz,Ar),5.90(d,1H,J=7.0 Hz,NH),4.0(q,2H,J=7.5 Hz,OCOC—H2),3.75(m,1H,CH),3.52(t,2H,J=6.0 Hz,CH2—O),2.9~2.6(m,2H,CH2—Ar),1.12(t,3H,J=7.5 Hz,CH3).13C NMR(CDCl3): 155.8,155.7,130.7,129.6(2C),116.0(2C),65.7,58.7,55.9,39.1,13.8.
1.2.7 線型聚苯乙烯(NCPS)支載噁唑烷酮7的合成 化合物6(0.6 g,0.15 mmol)與苯乙烯(0.35 mL,0.30 mmol)溶解于THF(20 mL)中,加入AIBN(0.026 g),通N2,反應(yīng)混合物加熱到70 ℃,反應(yīng)48 h.濃縮去溶劑,用冰甲醇重結(jié)晶得白色晶體,過濾并用冰甲醇洗滌后,干燥得白色粉末即為聚合物7(0.8 g,產(chǎn)率90%). IR(NaCl):υ=3 025,1 755 cm-1.1H NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3):δ=7.65~6.25(m, broad signal due to the polymer resonance),4.90(2H,s,O—CH2—Ar), 4.39(1H,s,CH),4.05(2H,s,CH2OCO),2.72(2H,s,CH2—Ar),2.15~1.20(m,broad signal due to the polymer resonance);13C NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3): 158.0,145.6,130.2, 127.3,125.7,115.1,69.9,69.41,53.71,40.24,29.7.
綜上所述,我們從L-酪氨酸出發(fā),經(jīng)過羧基酯化、氨基保護(hù)、還原、關(guān)環(huán)、聚合等6步反應(yīng)得到了一種新的手性助劑——線型聚苯乙烯(NCPS)支載(4S)-[4″-(4′-(4-乙烯基芐氧基)芐氧基)芐基]-1,3-噁唑烷酮.用IR,1H NMR,13C NMR以及元素分析對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征,波譜解析結(jié)果與化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)相符.該類手性助劑同時(shí)具有固相支載合成和經(jīng)典液相反應(yīng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),將廣泛應(yīng)用于不對(duì)稱合成中.
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