湖北省鄖縣譚山中學(xué) 潘喜霞
在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,我們已經(jīng)接觸了一些比較復(fù)雜的句子。如:在“主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語”句子結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語補足語是用來補充說明賓語的身份、特征、狀態(tài)或動作行為的。這一語言知識現(xiàn)象既是初中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)掌握的一個重點內(nèi)容,也是各類檢測考試的一個重要的知識點。而學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)中難以理解,容易出錯,不能準確地把握賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。現(xiàn)結(jié)合初中英語教材中出現(xiàn)的語言現(xiàn)象,對賓語補足語的表達方式簡析如下:
一、形容詞作賓補,主要用來說明賓語的狀態(tài)或特征。
You'd better keep the students quiet in the classroom.I can't get the pronunciation right.
常見的后接形容詞作賓補的動詞有:keep,find,get,make,like,leave等。
二、名詞作賓補,主要用來說明賓語的身份。
The students usually call me Miss Pan.They made him their monitor.
三、動詞V-ing形式作賓補,主要強調(diào)賓補所表示的動作正在進行或處于某一狀態(tài)。
We saw them coming up the street just now.Tom found a purse lying on the floor.
常見的后接動詞V-ing的形式作賓補的動詞有:see,hear,find,watch,notice,feel,get,keep,have等。
四、動詞不定式作賓補,通常用來補充說明賓語要執(zhí)行的動作。
The teacher told us not to play football in the street..We often hear her sing English songs in her room.常見的動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有兩類:一類是帶to的不定式,這類動詞主要有:ask,tell,like,teach,want等;另一類是不帶to的不定式,這類動詞主要有:make,have,let等使役動詞和see,hear,feel,notice,watch等感觀動詞。
五、動詞的過去分詞作賓補,當賓語和賓補有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,賓語和賓補又有被動關(guān)系時,賓補要用過去分詞。
常見的后接過去分詞作賓補的動詞有:make,have,get,keep,leave,find,hear等
Students should not be allowed to get/have their ears pierced.
They found the windows broken when they got there.
六、介詞短語作賓補,主要用來補充說明賓語的方位。
He left his bags at home.Finally she found her keys in the drawer.
七、有時副詞也可以作賓補,主要用來補充說明賓語的狀態(tài)。
Let them out.Don't keep the bad meat in.
典型題例分析
單項選擇。從每題所給的四個答案中選出一個正確答案填空。
1 、-Why are you so worried?
-I had my MP4 yesterday.(08湖北黃石)
A.steal B.stole
C.stealing D.stolen
(考查過去分詞短語作賓補,賓語和賓補之間既有主謂關(guān)系,又有被動關(guān)系)
2.-What did she say?
-She said that loud music always made her to dance.(08湖北天門)
A.wants B.to want C.want D.wanted
(同第二題一樣,考查不定式作賓補)
3 、-My parents always tell me others late at night.(08湖北恩施)
-They are right.It's not polite.
A.call B.not call C.to call D.not to call
(本題同樣是考查不定式作賓補,tell后要用帶to的不定式)
4.The girl was heard happily in her room just now(.09山東泰安)
A.sing B.to sing
C.singing D.sings
(考查動詞V-ing作賓補,說明該動作在進行或處于某一狀態(tài))
5.My roommate often asks me__________her to play chess.(09山西)
A.teach B.teaching C.to teach
(考查不定式作賓補,ask后要用帶to的不定式)
6.-I'm very tired these days because of studying for physics.(09湖北黃岡)
Whynot______ muisc.Itcan makeyou_______.
A.listen to;relaxing B.to listen to;to relax
[1]山西教育出版社2008《中考全攻略》[z](英語)
[2]山西教育出版社2009《中考全案》[z](英語)
C.listening to;relax D.listen to;relax
(本題既考查why not do的句型,又考查make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補)
7.The global financial crisis(金融危機)has made many people_______their money.(09宿遷)
A.to care for B.took care of
C.be careful with D.to be cared about
(本題既考查相近詞組的詞義辨析,又考查make后接不帶to的不定式作賓補)
此外,對賓語補足語的考查還可以通過詞句運用、完成句子、句型轉(zhuǎn)化等形式來設(shè)置題目。因此,在教學(xué)中教師要善于對一些具體的語法現(xiàn)象進行歸納總結(jié),并通過典型題例進行有針對性的訓(xùn)練。