梁整修

一、做單句理解題的技巧

1．聽句子，選出句子中所包含的信息

聽錄音前，快速瀏覽題干，在易混詞語下做標(biāo)記；聽錄音時(shí)，隨時(shí)對(duì)照標(biāo)記，及時(shí)做記錄；答題時(shí)，及時(shí)分析拿不準(zhǔn)的句子，并根據(jù)記錄做出判斷。如：

A. Walking to the door.

B. Locking the door.

C. Knocking at the door.

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.

【分析】答案為C。比較三個(gè)選項(xiàng)，聽錄音時(shí)，重點(diǎn)把注意力放在選項(xiàng)的不同之處，即walking to，locking和knocking at三個(gè)詞上，這樣便可得出正確答案。

2．聽句子，選出正確的圖畫

仔細(xì)觀察試題所提供的圖畫內(nèi)容，根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容預(yù)測錄音材料。在聽的過程中注意對(duì)主要信息的把握，從而選出符合錄音內(nèi)容的圖畫。如右圖，相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

It's a part of our body. Each person has got two of them. They are in our faces.People see the world with them.

【分析】答案為C。聽力材料中的關(guān)鍵信息是最后一句People see the world with them，能夠“see”的也只有眼睛了，故應(yīng)選圖片C。

3．聽句子，選出意思相同或相近的選項(xiàng)

首先瀏覽所給的選項(xiàng)，掌握其意思，做到心中有數(shù)；其次是認(rèn)真聽句子，理解其意思，然后選出與其意思相同的選項(xiàng)。如：

A. The first bus was late.

B. He arrived home on time.

C. He was not late for school.

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Though he didn't catch the first bus，he came to school on time.

【分析】答案為C。聽力材料中的He came to school on time是關(guān)鍵的信息句，由信息句可知答案是：He was not late for school.信息句和選項(xiàng)C意思相同，只不過是表達(dá)方式不一樣罷了。

二、做情景反應(yīng)題的技巧

做情景反應(yīng)題的關(guān)鍵是要聽得懂，答得恰當(dāng)、得體，并能熟練掌握有關(guān)交際用語，清楚了解西方文化習(xí)俗。聽錄音材料前認(rèn)真瀏覽選項(xiàng)，掌握其意思；聽時(shí)要注意聽清句子的意思，同時(shí)注意對(duì)話出現(xiàn)的場景。平時(shí)我們應(yīng)熟練掌握日常交際用語，要正確判斷出句子的語言交際功能，在正確理解說話人意圖的基礎(chǔ)上做出正確選擇。如：

A. Certainly. Here you are.

B. How are you?

C. Yes，that's right.

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Excuse me. May I use your dictionary?

【分析】答案為A。聽力材料中的句子May I use your dictionary?是表請(qǐng)求許可的句子，其答句當(dāng)然是：Certainly，Here you are.

三、做對(duì)話理解題的技巧

做對(duì)話理解題首先要明確語境，熟練掌握初中英語交際功能項(xiàng)目，同時(shí)要分析選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容推測可能出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話內(nèi)容。聽錄音時(shí)要善于捕捉關(guān)鍵信息，如：表句意轉(zhuǎn)折的but，表示否定的not，no，nothing等關(guān)鍵詞。還要注意對(duì)話中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、原因、方式、場景、背景等關(guān)鍵信息，從而快速做出反應(yīng)。如：

1. How much is the jacket?

A. 24 dollars. B. 76 dollars. C. 100 dollars.

2. What color jacket did the man buy?

A. A blue jacket. B. A brown jacket. C. A black jacket.

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Shop assistant：Can I help you，sir?

Man：Yes，I'm looking for a jacket.

Shop assistant：What's your size，please?

Man：Size L.

Shop assistant：What color do you prefer?

Man：I like brown.

Shop assistant：Mm，I'm sorry we haven't got any brown jackets in that size. How about a blue one or a black one?

Man：May I try on a blue one?

Shop assistant：Of course.

Man：Oh，it looks nice on me. I'll take it.How much is it?

Shop assistant：76 dollars.

Man：OK. Here's one hundred.

Shop assistant：Thank you. Your change，please.

【答案與分析】

1. B。從錄音材料中我們可知對(duì)話場景是在商場購物，既然是購物就可能涉及價(jià)格，英語中詢問價(jià)格的句子是How much is it。當(dāng)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)此句時(shí)，往往答案就在此句后面，76 dollars。

2. A。整個(gè)對(duì)話都是圍繞買a jacket展開的，顧客喜歡的是Size L的brown jacket，但店主沒有這個(gè)尺碼的，但有這個(gè)尺碼的blue one，這就是關(guān)鍵的信息詞，顧客試穿后的感覺是It looks nice on me，可想而知顧客最后買下的是a blue jacket。

四、做短文理解題的技巧

聽短文之前要認(rèn)真細(xì)讀所給的問題及選項(xiàng)，并根據(jù)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比，對(duì)短文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。在聽的過程中，要注意簡略地記下5個(gè)“W”和1個(gè)“H”（What，When，Who，Why，Where，How），這樣有助于理解文章內(nèi)容。聽第一遍錄音時(shí)，要仔細(xì)將全文聽完。聽第二遍時(shí)，要有針對(duì)性地做些記錄，利用中間停頓時(shí)間將問題逐一解答。最后，在聽完短文后再進(jìn)行歸納、綜合、判斷，這樣便可順利整理出相關(guān)信息，從而確定正確答案了。如：

1. What were the three men doing when the train was going to leave?

A. They were reading newspapers.

B. They were sitting on the train.

C. They were talking.

2. What did the conductor call loudly?

A. The train is going to leave.

B. The train is coming.

C. The train is stopping.

3. What did the three men do when they heard the conductor?

A. They jumped onto the train.

B. Two of them jumped onto the train，but one was left behind.

C. They said goodbye to each other.

4. Why did Bob feel sad?

A. Because he wanted to go with his friends.

B. Because he forgot to say goodbye to them.

C. Because he should be on the train，not his friends.

5. What did the conductor tell Bob?

A. Don't feel sad，and you can write to them.

B. Don't feel sad，and the next train will come in ten minutes.

C. Don't feel sad，and your friends will be back soon.

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Many people were waiting for the train. Some were reading newspapers and some were saying goodbye to their friends.

Bob，F(xiàn)rank and Henry were talking so happily that they didn't know the train was going to leave. Then the conductor called loudly，“The train is going to leave，hurry up，please.”The three men heard the conductor and two of them jumped onto the train quickly before it moved. One was left behind. It was Bob. He looked very sad. The conductor came to him and said，“Don't feel sad. The next train will come in ten minutes.”“I know，”Bob said，“but it was my train. My friends only came to say goodbye to me.”

【答案與分析】

1. C。由關(guān)鍵的信息句Bob，F(xiàn)rank and Henry were talking so happily that they didn't know the train was going to leave可知當(dāng)火車馬上啟動(dòng)時(shí)，他們?nèi)苏劦谜饎拧?/p>

2. A。由信息句The train is going to leave，hurry up，please可得出答案。

3. B。由信息句...two of them jumped onto the train quickly before it moved. One was left behind可直接得出答案。

4. C。由信息句Bob said，“but it was my train. My friends only came to say goodbye to me.”可得出答案，該上火車的Bob結(jié)果卻沒有上，而他的兩個(gè)朋友Frank和Henry是來給他送行的卻偏偏上了火車，這也難怪Bob felt sad。

5. B。由信息句The conductor came to him and said，“Don't feel sad.The next train will come in ten minutes.”可直接得出答案。

五、做填空題的技巧

聽短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格或回答問題這兩種題型，一定要在聽完全文且理解了短文主要內(nèi)容之后才能作答，千萬不要邊聽邊作答，否則會(huì)顧此失彼。在聽的過程中，要快速記下關(guān)鍵詞，如人名、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件、數(shù)字等。另外，遇到生詞或一時(shí)聽不懂的地方應(yīng)該毫不遲疑地跳過去，繼續(xù)往下聽，不要受生詞的干擾而把思維停下來。聽短文不能強(qiáng)求每句都聽懂，重在對(duì)整體內(nèi)容的理解和把握。

做“表格填空題”時(shí)還要注意：①題目要求有無詞數(shù)限制；②所填單詞或詞組是不是短文中提到的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容；③填好之后的句子是否正確，同時(shí)注意書寫規(guī)范。如：

聽下面一段短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。聽短文前你有50秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀表格內(nèi)容，短文朗讀兩遍。

相應(yīng)的錄音材料是：

Boys and girls. I want to tell you about our school trip. We're going to go on Saturday. I hope you can all come. As you know，we're going to visit the film museum. There are lots of very interesting things there about the cinema and how films are made. We'll have to leave at eight forty-five，so don't be late. We'll get there by bus.Please meet me in the car park.

What next? Oh yes，the cost. It'll be six dollars seventy each. Now，I'm going to give you some work to do at the museum. You'll need to write things down， so take a pencil and a notebook with you. We'll have lunch in the museum restaurant，so you needn't bring any food with you.Well， I think that's everything.

【答案與分析】

1. （the） film museum。由信息句...we're going to visit the film museum. 可直接得出答案。

2. 8∶45［eight forty-five/a quarter to nine］。由信息句We'll have to leave at eight forty-five可知出發(fā)的具體時(shí)間。

3. （the）（car） park。由信息句Please meet me in the car park可知集合的地點(diǎn)。

4. $ 6.70［six dollars seventy］（each）。由信息句What next? Oh yes，the cost. It'll be six dollars seventy each，可知每個(gè)人的花費(fèi)是多少。

5. a pencil and a notebook。由信息句You'll need to write things down，so take a pencil and a notebook with you，可知隨身須帶的物品。

（編輯 陳根花）